Water Research X
·
2025
·
IF 8.2
Weihong Xu,Haibei Li,Zhongwei Yang,Tianjiao Chen,Shuqing Zhou,Yue Zhao,Danyang Shi,Dong Yang,Junwen Li,Min Jin
High turbidity, attributed to suspended solids and colloidal particles, can lead to microbiological control failure during water disinfection. Lignin, a naturally occurring particle suspended in water, may contribute to turbidity. However, its ability to adsorb bacteria and protect them from chlorination remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated Escherichia coli inactivation by NaClO in the presence and absence of natural particles. Among the five tested microparticles, lignin significantly enhanced E. coli survival under NaClO exposure, diminishing its bactericidal effect. Furthermore, surviving bacteria showed upregulation of gene expression related to energy metabolism and oxidative stress, as indicated by transcriptional analysis and qPCR measurements. These findings were further supported by increased ATP content, decreased ROS levels, and a prolonged lag phase in growth curves, enabling bacteria to rapidly restore their growth activity. Further analysis revealed that E. coli binds to the surface of lignin through hydrophobic interactions involving hydroxyl, methyl, aromatic rings, and ether groups. Lignin exhibited a strong bacterial adsorption capacity, as described by pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetics and the Freundlich model, leading to reduced membrane permeability to NaClO. Importantly, the protective effect of lignin on bacteria was positively correlated with its hydrophobicity, with greater hydrophobicity resulting in enhanced bacterial protection. These findings suggest that lignin significantly increases E. coli resistance to chlorination, potentially contributing to disinfection failure in water treatment. This study highlights the role of lignin as a potential hazard that compromises microbiological control, offering new insights into chlorination failure caused by turbidity.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Chemistry
·
2016
·Vol. 2016
·期 1
·6065019
·
IF 0.996
Shao-long Yang,Zhi-tao Han,Jing-ming Dong,Zi-sheng Zheng,Xin-xiang Pan
A wet de-NO x technique based on an UV-enhanced NaClO oxidation process was investigated for simulated flue gas of a diesel engine using a bench-scale reaction chamber. The effects of UV irradiation time, initial pH value, and available chlorine concentration of NaClO solution were studied, respectively. The results showed that when the UV irradiation time was 17.5 min and the initial pH value of NaClO solution was 6, NO removal efficiency of UV/NaClO solution was increased by 19.6% compared with that of NaClO solution. Meanwhile, when the available chlorine concentration of NaClO solution decreased from 0.1 wt% to 0.05 wt%, the enhancement in NO removal efficiency of UV/NaClO solution increased from 19.6% to 24%, compared with that of NaClO solution. The reaction pathways of NaClO solution photolysis and NO removal by UV/NaClO process were preliminarily discussed. The results suggested that HOCl might be the most active species that released many UV-induced photooxidants through photolysis reactions, which played an important role in NO removal process.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2016
·
IF 4.219
Jie Hao,Jiaojiao Lu,Naiyu Xu,Robert J. Linhardt,Zhenqing Zhang
Oxidized starch, one of the most important starch derivatives, has many different properties and applications. Currently, there are two ways to produce oxidized starch, through specific and nonspecific oxidation. Specific oxidation using the stable nitroxyl radical, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl preparidinloxy (TEMPO), with NaBr and NaClO can produce oxidized starches with different properties under good quality control. In the current study, we examine the products of specifically oxidized starch. As the amount of oxidant and the temperature, two critical factors impacting the oxidation of starch were thoroughly investigated. Analysis of the molecular weight (MW), degree of oxidization (DO) and the detailed structures of corresponding products was accomplished using gel permeation chromatography with multi-angle laser light scattering (GPC-MALLS), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and quadrapole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q/TOF-MS). According to the analytical results, the oxidation patterns of starch treated with specific oxidant TEMPO-NaBr-NaClO were established. When high amounts of oxidant was applied, more glucose residues within starch were oxidized to glucuronic acids (higher DO) and substantial degradation to starch oligosaccharides was observed. By selecting a reaction temperature of 25 °C a high DO could be obtained for a given amount of oxidant. The reducing end sugar residue within oxidized starch was itself oxidized and ring opened in all TEMPO-NaBr-NaClO reactions. Furthermore, extra oxidant generated additional novel structures in the reducing end residues of some products, particularly in low temperature reactions.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
·
2026
·
IF 7.9
Sung-Hyo Jung,Kinza Shahid,Seong-Jik Park,Chang-Gu Lee
To mitigate the risk of toxic cyanide emissions from metal-plating wastewater, the development of treatment strategies capable of addressing recalcitrant metal-cyanide complexes is essential. In this study, a dual-oxidant system combining chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) with the conventional sodium hypochlorite (NaClO)-based alkaline chlorination process was investigated to enhance the degradation of metal-cyanide complexes, including tetracyanonickelate (Ni-CN), zinc cyanide (Zn-CN), and ferricyanide (Fe-CN). Under practical operating conditions (initial cyanide concentration of 50 mg/L, total chlorine of 50 mM, pH 10), the combined NaClO/ClO 2 system achieved significantly higher degradation efficiencies for all target pollutants (Ni-CN = 93.6 ± 1.3%, Zn-CN = 96.8 ± 0.0%, Fe-CN = 44.6 ± 1.1%) compared with the single NaClO system (Ni-CN = 27.8 ± 1.1%, Zn-CN = 87.1 ± 3.2%, Fe-CN = 13.9 ± 1.1) after 60 min of reaction. Electrochemical analysis showed that ClO 2 exhibited a higher redox potential, whereas NaClO primarily existed as the less oxidative hypochlorite ion at pH 10. The system demonstrated strong resistance to interference from inorganic anions and metal ions commonly found in plating wastewater. Furthermore, its application to real plating wastewater validated the practical feasibility of the system. These findings offer insight into a practical, adaptable, and easily integrable strategy for treating cyanide-bearing effluents using existing treatment facilities.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
·
2025
·Vol. 26
·期 2
·677
·
IF 4.9
Yuhan Zhang,Guilong Peng,Yuting Yan,Xukun Meng,Wenwen Gong
The design of efficient advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in the presence of bicarbonate has long attracted considerable attention in the field of environmental catalysis. In this study, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as one of the most abundant substances in actual water, was introduced to a NaClO/Ru(III) system to enhance the removal of acid orange 7(AO7). NaHCO3could significantly improve the removal efficiency of the Ru(III)/NaClO process in HCO3−at a pH range of 6.9–10.0. Ru(V)=O was identified as a dominant reactive species involved in the degradation of pollutants in the NaHCO3/NaClO/Ru(III) system. HCO3−interacts with Ru(III) to generate Ru(III)-HCO3−, which enhances the activation performance of Ru(III) under neutral or alkaline conditions. The removal of AO7 was significantly enhanced with increasing NaHCO3concentration, and the rate constant increased more than 2-fold to 4-fold as NaHCO3concentrations increased from 0 to 100 mM at pH 6.9 and 8.5. This study proposed a novel strategy to enhance the Ru(III)/NaClO process with environmentally friendly inorganic ligands and highlights its potential applications in the removal of pollutants.
研究领域:
环境催化
·
化学工程
·
水处理技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Water
·
2025
·Vol. 17
·期 17
·2563
·
IF 3
Chao Feng,Tongyu Liu,Yongping Shi,Jimin Shen,Lei Yuan,Yuanqing Guo
The interaction of disinfectants with bromide/iodide ions and natural organic matter (NOM) generates brominated/iodinated disinfection byproducts (Br/I-DBPs), known for their heightened cytotoxicity and genotoxicity relative to chlorinated DBPs. This study investigated Br/I-DBP formation during sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) disinfection of lignin-containing synthetic water by quantifying adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) and trihalomethanes (THMs). Disinfection of bromide-containing water yielded a bromide ion (Br−) to adsorbable organic bromine (AOBr) conversion rate of approximately 60%, with bromine within THMs accounting for about 30% of the total AOBr, indicating significant brominated DBP formation where THMs represent a major fraction. Conversely, iodide ion (I−) conversion to adsorbable organic iodine (AOI) is minimal, suggesting negligible iodinated DBP formation under NaClO disinfection. Examination of key parameters revealed that brominated THM (Br-THM) formation decreased with increasing lignin concentration, while iodinated THM (I-THM) formation increased. The effect of chlorine dose differed: Br-THM formation exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease at higher doses, whereas I-THM formation consistently decreased. Both Br-THM and I-THM formation increased with higher bromide or iodide ion concentration and with increasing pH. These results highlight the distinct pathways and influencing factors governing brominated versus iodinated DBP formation in lignin-containing waters disinfected with hypochlorite.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理
·
消毒副产物
·
毒理学
·
天然有机物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2020
·
IF 9.038
Jingyang Luo,Wenxuan Huang,Qin Zhang,Yang Wu,Fang Fang,Jiashun Cao,Yinglong Su
The effectiveness of hypochlorites (NaClO and Ca(ClO) 2 ) on the reduction of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during waste activated sludge (WAS) fermentation was determined by the quantitative PCR. NaClO and Ca(ClO) 2 exhibited distinct effects on ARGs fates. Ca(ClO) 2 was effective in removing all investigated ARGs, and the efficiency was highly dose-dependent. Unexpectedly, the NaClO treatment attenuated ARGs with lower efficiency and even caused the propagation of certain ARGs (i.e . , aad A1 and tet Q) at higher doses. The extracellular polymeric substances dissolution and membrane integrity suggested that unstable NaClO had acute effects on bacteria initially, while it was ineffective to further attenuate ARGs released from hosts due to the rapid consumption of oxidative ClO - . Without lasting and strong oxidative stress , the microbial activities of tolerant ARGs hosts will partially recover and then contribute to the ARGs dissemination across genera. In contrast, solid-state Ca(ClO) 2 was slowly released and exhibited prolonged effects on bacteria by disrupting cell membranes and removing the susceptible ARGs released from hosts. Furthermore, bacterial taxa-ARG network analysis indicated that Ca(ClO) 2 reduced the abundance of potential hosts, and the metabolic pathway and gene expression related to ARGs propagation were significantly downregulated by Ca(ClO) 2 , which contributed to efficient ARGs attenuation.
研究领域:
环境工程
·
微生物学
·
遗传学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Water
·
2025
·Vol. 17
·期 13
·1955
·
IF 3
Wanlin Lei,Chenxi Li,Xinyue Cao,Yuhao Zhu,Yan Liu
Zeolite adsorption followed by NaCl-NaClO regeneration is an effective method for the on-site treatment of ammonia in initial stormwater. However, the formation and toxicity of chlorine species during the zeolite regeneration process need to be investigated. In this study, under intermittent and continuous operations, zeolites adsorbed NH4Cl + HA (humic acid) and actual stormwater, then regenerated with NaCl-NaClO (0.5 g/L NaCl, ClO−:N molar ratio of 1.8, pH = 10). This technology was assessed from the following three aspects: adsorption and regeneration, chlorine species formation, and toxicity. The results showed that zeolites exhibited a greater adsorption capacity for HA in stormwater compared to that in an NH4Cl + HA solution, and the presence of ammonia had a minimal impact on this process. During zeolite regeneration, ammonia had a competitive advantage over HA for ClO−. ClO3−was inevitably formed in regeneration. The formation of chlorinated organic compounds (COPs) increased over time. The order of chlorine species toxicity in zeolite regeneration solution was free chlorine > COPs > ClO3−. Controlled regeneration time was required to minimize the formation and toxicity of chlorine species. During the 10 cycles of regeneration, chlorine species continued to form and caused high toxicity hazards.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Sciences
·
2024
·
IF 5.9
Chenyan Hu,Yihui Wu,Zhengyu Dong,Ziyi Dong,Shengjie Ji,Lili Hu,Xinyu Yang,Hao Liu
A mixed oxidant of chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) and NaClO was often used in water treatment. A novel UVA-LED (365 nm)-activated mixed ClO 2 /NaClO process was proposed for the degradation of micropollutants in this study. Carbamazepine (CBZ) was selected as the target pollutant. Compared with the UVA 365 /ClO 2 process, the UVA 365 /ClO 2 /NaClO process can improve the degradation of CBZ, with the rate constant increasing from 2.11×10 −4 sec −1 to 2.74×10 −4 sec −1 . In addition, the consumption of oxidants in the UVA 365 /ClO 2 /NaClO process (73.67%) can also be lower than that of UVA 365 /NaClO (86.42%). When the NaClO ratio increased, both the degradation efficiency of CBZ and the consumption of oxidants can increase in the UVA 365 /ClO 2 /NaClO process. The solution pH can affect the contribution of NaClO in the total oxidant ratio. When the pH range of 6.0-8.0, the combination process can generate more active species to promote the degradation of CBZ. The change of active species with oxidant molar ratio was investigated in the UVA 365 /ClO 2 /NaClO process. When ClO 2 acted as the main oxidant, HO• and Cl• were the main active species, while when NaClO was the main oxidant, ClO• played a role in the system. Both chloride ion (Cl – ), bicarbonate ion (HCO 3 – ), and nitrate ion (NO 3 – ) can promote the reaction system. As the concentration of NaClO in the reaction solution increased, the generation of chlorates will decrease. The UVA 365 /ClO 2 /NaClO process can effectively control the formation of volatile disinfection by-products (DBPs), and with the increase of ClO 2 dosage, the formation of DBPs can also decrease.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2019
·
IF 8.355
Ao Li,Hongyan Song,Hong Meng,Yingzhou Lu,Chunxi Li
Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is a strong oxidant with facile electrochemical regenerability whereby a sustainable oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process of fuel may be viable. Here, a ultrafast deep ODS process was proposed by using ionic liquid (IL) catalyst and NaClO oxidant, and its catalytic mechanism was studied through GC-MS, FTIR, and in-situ ESR technique. The results show that the IL with C 16 alkyl groups makes the amphiphilic catalysts oil dispersible, and the catalytic activity of the imidazolium is higher than that of pyridinium and ammonium based IL catalysts. Dibenzothiophene (DBT) in model oil and real diesel can be oxidized completely within 30 min, and 99% of catalytic performance can be remained after 8 recycled uses. Under the catalysis of [C 16 MIM][PMoO], NaClO is firstly decomposed into radical oxygen species of O 2 − and OH that oxidize Mo = O of the catalyst to its peroxide form Mo(O 2 ), whereby DBT was oxidized into DBTO 2 . The present ultrafast and sustainable ODS process is perspective for industrial application, and the oxidation mechanism revealed here is instructive for ODS of fuel and other catalytic oxidation reactions.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
WATER RESEARCH
·
2022
·
IF 13.4
Haiyang He,Yulei Liu,Lu Wang,Wei Qiu,Dong Li,Zhicen Liu,Jun Ma
Ferrate(VI) pretreatment can effectively alleviate membrane fouling during the ultrafiltration (UF) process, while instability and high expenditure limit its application. This study discovered that the cheap NaClO reagent would improve the performance of ferrate(VI) pretreatment, i.e., establishing Fe(VI)/NaClO (FC) process. 20 μM of Fe(VI) group can increase J / J 0 from 0.323 to 0.391, while the optimization process of 20 μM Fe(VI)/4 μM NaClO [FC (5:1)] increased it to 0.491 at the end of cycle 1 filtration. Meanwhile, the reversible and irreversible membrane fouling resistance decreased by 50% and 56% in FC (5:1). This was attributed to the suppression of ferrate(VI) decomposing and in-situ formation of more dispersed ferric nanoparticles in FC process [730.33 nm in Fe(VI) and 606.80 nm in FC (5:1)] by applied NaClO. The rejection ratio of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased from 27.18% of Fe(VI) group to 40.34% of FC (5:1) due to the repulsive interaction amplification of acid-base (AB) interaction energy. That was derived from the hydrophilia promotion of the treated sample and the electrical property evolution of in-situ formed ferric nanoparticles by NaClO. It suggested that AB interaction energy, presenting repulsive interaction in membrane-foulants and foulants-foulants, was a major role in Fe(VI) group and FC process. There was no more side effect induced by FC pretreatment, which was confirmed by the result that FC caused no increase in the disinfection by-products (DBPs) formation potential. The present study provided insight into improving the effect of ferrate(VI) pretreatment without inducing side effect, and reduced the costs of ferrate(VI) pretreatment during the process of UF.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY & FUELS
·
2017
·
IF 3.091
Zhitao Han,Shaolong Yang,Xinxiang Pan,Dongsheng Zhao,Jingqi Yu,Yutang Zhou,Pengfei Xia,Dekang Zheng,Yonghui Song,Zhijun Yan
Both cyclic and noncyclic scrubbing experiments were conducted to remove NO from simulated flue gas in a lab-scale countercurrent spraying reactor. The effects of various operating parameters (initial solution pH, NaClO concentration, absorbent temperature, and inlet NO and SO2 concentrations) on NO removal efficiencies were investigated in the noncyclic scrubbing mode. The results showed that NO removal efficiency increased greatly with the decrease of the initial pH value. However, there was a drop in NO removal efficiency, possibly due to the NO2 absorption in the gas phase. NO removal efficiency increased gradually with the increase of the NaClO concentration. Complete removal of NO was achieved when the NaClO concentration was 24 × 10–3 mol·L–1. However, the NO removal efficiency obviously decreased with the absorbent temperature increasing from 303 to 343 K. This could be mainly ascribed to the decrease of the water solubility of NO2 and the absorption reaction of NO2 with water vapor. Furthermore, NO removal efficiency increased quickly with the increase of the inlet NO concentration. The coexisting SO2 in the simulated flue gas had little effect on the NO removal efficiency. Both NO and SO2 could be removed simultaneously with a SO2 removal efficiency of 100% and a NO removal efficiency of >93%. More importantly, the results of cyclic scrubbing experiments indicated that an average NO removal efficiency of 74% had been obtained for the whole cyclic scrubbing duration. The utilization of NaClO oxidant was calculated to be approximately 83%. The ion chromatographic analysis showed that there was no ON2– in the spent liquor. The results demonstrate that NaClO is a low-cost high-efficiency oxidant for NO removal from exhaust gas and that it has great potential for industrial applications.
研究领域:
环境工程
·
大气污染控制
·
化学工程
·
环境化学
·
工业废气处理
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）