PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 6.2
Su Li,Qi Jiang,Yong Qiang Gao,Ren Fang Shen,Qing Song Zheng,Xiao Fang Zhu
Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acidic soils significantly limits crop productivity by inhibiting root growth and nutrient uptake. Brassinosteroid (BR), a key plant hormone, has emerged as a crucial regulator of stress tolerance. This study investigates the role of BR in mitigating Al toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa ) and explores the interplay between BR and gibberellic acid (GA) under Al stress. Our results show that Al stress rapidly elevates endogenous BR level in rice roots, which alleviates Al-induced root growth inhibition. Specifically, 0.01 μM BR achieves a maximum remission rate of approximately 20% for Al-induced root growth inhibition. BR application significantly reduced Al accumulation in root tips (by approximately 25%) and cell walls, particularly by inhibiting the overexpression of XYLOGLUCAN ENDO TRANSHYDROLASE/GLUCOSYLASE 5/9/11/19 ( OsXTH5/9/11/19 ), which reduces Al binding in hemicellulose fractions and upregulating Cellulose synthase A catalytic subunit 4/7/9 ( OsCesA4/7/9 ) to enhance cell wall’s barrier function against Al. BR also modulates hemicellulose composition and suppresses the expression of the Al transporter gene Nramp aluminum transporter 1 ( OsNRAT1 ), thereby reducing Al uptake into root tip cells. Additionally, BR mitigates Al toxicity via the GSK3/SHAGGY-Like KINASE 2 ( OsGSK2 )-mediated BR signaling pathway: OsGSK2 overexpression lines ( OsGSK2-OE ) exhibit enhanced Al resistance, while RNAi lines ( OsGSK2-RNAi ) show increased Al sensitivity. Furthermore, BR upregulates key expansin genes ALPHA-EXPANSIN 1/4/7 ( OsEXPA1/4/7 ) and BETA-EXPANSIN 2 ( OsEXPB2 ), which promotes root growth under Al stress. Notably, under Al stress, BR enhances endogenous GA levels through the transcription factor BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 ( OsBZR1 ): Al represses OsBZR1 expression, which is rescued by BR treatment. This process involves upregulating GA biosynthetic genes such as OsGA20OX , restoring Al-suppressed gene expression, and mitigating Al-induced OsGA2OX overexpression to maintain GA homeostasis. Exogenous GA treatment mimics BR’s alleviatory effects, highlighting critical crosstalk between the BR and GA pathways. This study provides novel insights into BR-mediated Al detoxification, revealing a key BR-GA interaction that enhances Al tolerance in rice and offers potential for improving crop resilience in acidic soils.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 19.9
Dingyun Zhang,Daozhi Shen,Gangli Zhao,Fangzhou Li,Zechao Han,Peicheng Han,Jiaxing Huo,Qiaolin Gu,Linglan Guo,Ran Tang,Xinlei Wang,Shuaiqi Han,Limin Zhu
Environmental moisture is an abundant, renewable energy source that enables the operation of humidity-driven power generation devices. However, moisture electric generators (MEGs) struggle to operate underwater because of the instability of hygroscopic material and the flooding screening of charges in the aquatic environment. Inspired by the gas film strategy of Oryza sativa leaves, we develop a moisture-driven self-powered device based on a waterproof breathable membrane so that our device can “breathe” even under full immersion while protecting internal components from water. The single device outputs 0.66 V and ∼25 µA under a liquid water environment. By introducing a porous raised-rim structure, the MEG shows high sensitivity to mechanical pressing due to the tunable contact at the interface between electrode and hygroscopic layer, enabling a wide pressure-detection range (1.40 ∼ 70.19 kPa), high sensitivity (0.39 kPa −1 ), and fast response (300 ms). Based on this coupling, the device can detect respiration and support underwater Morse-code communication. By introducing a spacer layer, the device can freely bend and accurately recognize aquatic motion. This study breaks the dependence of MEGs on atmospheric conditions and broadens their functionality from energy harvesting to multimodal sensing, revealing strong potential for underwater wearable and intelligent sensing applications.
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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2023
·
IF 8.9
Yingying Sun,Jie Chen,Wei Wang,Lizhong Zhu
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in agricultural soil often triggered metabolic alterations and phytotoxicity in plants, ultimately threatening crop quality. Unraveling the phytotoxic mechanisms of POPs in crops is critical for evaluating their environmental risks. Herein, the molecular mechanism of POP-induced phytotoxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) was analyzed using metabolic profile, enzyme activity , and gene expression as linkages, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polybrominated diphenyl ethers , polychlorinated biphenyls, and phthalate esters. Despite no observable changes in phenotypic traits (e.g., biomass and length of aboveground), the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were promoted under stresses of the tested POPs, particularly 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Metabolomics analysis revealed that ROS contents positively correlated with metabolic perturbation levels ( r = 0.83), among which the galactose metabolism was significantly inhibited when exposed to DBP, DEHP, or BDE-47. The α-Galactosidase (α-Gal) involved in galactose metabolism was targeted as the key enzyme for the phytotoxicity of DBP, DEHP, and BDE-47, which was revealed by the inhibition of saccharide levels (45.5−82.1%), the catalytic activity of α-Gal (18.5−24.3%), and the gene expression (28.5−34.5%). Molecular docking simulation suggested that the three POPs occupied the active sites of α-Gal and formed a stable protein-ligand complex, thus inhibiting the catalytic activity of α-Gal. Partial least-squares regression analysis indicated that α-Gal activity was negatively associated with hydrogen bond acceptor, rotatable bond, and topological polar surface area of POPs. The results offered novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of phytotoxicity of POPs and provided important information for evaluating the environmental risk of POPs.
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Food & Function
·
2023
·
IF 6.1
Shuxin Ye,Jiabin Qin,Abel Wend-Soo Zongo,Jing Li,Hongshan Liang,Bin Li
Yangxian black rice, as one of ancient Chinese black rice varieties, is widely planted in Yangxian area of China. This study investigated physicochemical properties, phenolic identification and in vitro digestion profile of Chinese black rice under gradient milling treatment. The chemical composition, color, pasting and thermal properties of black rice with different milling degree were comprehensively compared. In vitro digestion analysis indicated that cooked rice flour had higher rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and lower resistant starch (RS) contents compared with uncooked one. Besides, all cooked black rice samples exhibited high predicted glycemic index (pGI) value and whole black rice showed a lower pGI than refined rice. The microstructure and the abundance of phenolic compounds in the solid matrix during different treatment or digestion stage were observed by CLSM. Furthermore, a total of 102 phenolic constituents were absolute quantified by targeted metabolomics techniques. Methanol extraction and moderate cooking treatment contributed to the release of phenolic compounds from solid matrix of whole black rice. Besides, compared to gastric digestion stage, the transition in the intestinal environment caused a decrease in majority of analyzed polyphenols. Identifying the phenolic constituents was favorable to a better elucidation of the chemical basis of function and nutritional value of Chinese black rice.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2021
·
IF 10.588
Youming Dong,Qiongli Bao,Minling Gao,Weiwen Qiu,Zhengguo Song
Although the compound pollution of microplastics and arsenic (As) in paddy soil can affect the growth and quality of rice, relevant research on this phenomenon was limited. Therefore, we combined a pot experiment with computational chemistry to explore the effects and mechanism of polystyrene (PSMP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microplastics on As bioavailability. PSMP and PTFE interacted with rice root exudates through van der Waals forces, approached the rice root system, inhibited root activity, reduced the relative abundance of Geobacteria and Anaeromyxobacter , and consequently reduced the iron plaques on the root surfaces. Consequently, As uptake by the rice was inhibited. PSMP and PTFE reduced the hemoglobin content by directly destroying its tertiary structure, thereby retarding rice growth. In contrast, As increased the hemoglobin content by inducing reactive oxygen species in rice. Under the influence of PSMP, PTFE, and As, the activities of soluble starch synthase and pyrophosphorylase in rice grains were inhibited, and starch accumulation decreased. Thus, PSMP, PTFE, and As reduced rice biomass and yield owing to their physiological toxicity and adverse impacts on root activity. Grain yields in soil with an As content of 86.3 mg·kg –1 , 0.5% small particle-sized PSMP, and 0.5% small particle-sized PTFE decreased by 30.7%, 20.6%, and 19.4%, respectively, compared to the control. This study determined the comprehensive mechanism through which PSMP and PTFE affect As bioavailability, which is critical for managing rice biomass and low yields in As and microplastic co-contaminated soil.
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Journal of Chemistry
·
2019
·
IF 1.727
Yuchao Feng,TianXin Fu,Liyuan Zhang,Changyuan Wang,Dongjie Zhang
The analytical method for the metabolomics of the 60 rice seeds from two main rice origins in Heilongjiang Province was developed based on gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrum. The specific differential metabolites between two rice origins were identified, and the distinguish of the two main origins was illustrated by using the R software platform with XCMS software package for gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrum data processing, combined with multivariate statistical analysis software. The result indicated that the 173 peaks were detected, and 54 of which were structurally identified, covering amino acids, aliphatic acid, sugar, polyols, and so on. By comparing the data of Wuchang and Jiansanjiang origins, it was found that there were 9 special metabolites in Wuchang origin and 8 special metabolites in Jiansanjiang origin. The 10 differential metabolites with significant changes (, VIP ≥ 1) were filtrated. It is indicated that the differential metabolites of rice carry information of their origin and there are the differences in the metabolites of rice in two main origins. The proposed method is expected to be useful for the metabolomic researches of rice.
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LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 3.714
Halah Aalim,Tarun Belwal,Lei Jiang,Hao Huang,Xianghe Meng,Zisheng Luo
The purpose of this investigation was to explore aqueous glycerol as food grade solvent for rice bran polyphenolic antioxidants extraction and investigate the antidiabetic and antiglycation potential of the extract and its major polyphenols. Response surface methodology (Box-Behnken design) was implemented to optimize experimental conditions for rice bran polyphenols and antioxidants extraction. The optimum conditions provided a very satisfactory outcome in total polyphenols (549.6 ± 8.05 mg gallic acid equivalent per 100 g dry weight) and DPPH scavenging activity (57.83 ± 1.8%). The chromatographic separation of the extract showed higher concentrations of ferulic acid, ρ -coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid followed by caffeic acid, syringic acid and rutin. Moreover, the extract inhibited α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase activity as 34.2 ± 3.2%, 29.9 ± 1.0%, and 12.4 ± 2.3%, respectively. Furthermore, fructose readily forms Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) fluorescence with basic amino acids in low concentration in simulated intestinal digestion conditions. The extract inhibited AGEs formation by 52.6% at 20 μL/mL. Our study indicated that the antidiabetic and antiglycation potential of rice bran extract was mainly driven by the extract polyphenols. Rice bran glycerol extract could be employed as a natural antidiabetic and antiglycation remedy, and as economically and eco-friendly source of potent bioactive compounds with satisfactory outcome.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Shifeng Tang,Lin Zhang,Zhaohui Tong,Zhiping Wu,Hui Wang,Peng Zhan,Lishu Shao,Yan Qing,Yougen Wu,Jin Liu
As an essential trace element for plant growth and development , manganese plays a crucial role in the uptake of the heavy metal cadmium by rice ( Oryza sativa L.). In this study, we developed a novel slow-release manganese fertilizer named Mn@LNS-EL. Initially, lignin nanoparticles were derived from sodium lignosulfonate, and a one-step emulsification strategy was employed to prepare a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) Pickering double emulsions. These double emulsions served as the template for interfacial polymerization of lignin nanoparticles and epichlorohydrin, resulting in the formation of microcapsule wall materials. Subsequently, manganese fertilizer (MnSO 4 ) was successfully encapsulated within the microcapsules. Hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of Mn@LNS-EL on rice growth and the cadmium and manganese contents in the roots and shoots of rice under cadmium stress conditions. The results revealed that the treatment with Mn@LNS-EL markedly alleviated the inhibitory effects of cadmium on rice growth, leading to notably lower cadmium levels in the rice roots and shoots compared to the specimens treated without manganese fertilizer. Specifically, there was a reduction of 37.9 % in the root cadmium content and a 17.1 % decrease in the shoot cadmium content. In conclusion, this study presents an innovative approach for the high-value utilization of lignin through effective encapsulation and slow-release mechanisms of trace-element fertilizers while offering a promising strategy for efficiently remediating cadmium pollution in rice.
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ANNALS OF APPLIED BIOLOGY
·
2024
·Vol. 185
·期 3
·360-370
·
IF 2.2
Huayang Xu,Hongzhen Zhang,Guoyu Wei,Yuling Jiang,Meto Yao Charles,Anlong Hu
Kasugamycin (KSM), an aminoglycoside antibiotic, has been widely used as a natural fungicide to control plant diseases, particularly for managing rice blast. However, its uptake mechanism and transport in rice remain to be explored. In this article, rice seedlings were treated by the foliar spraying method, and the content of KSM in rice leaves, stems and roots under different treatments was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), respectively. Results showed that leaf-applied KSM could be transported to the phloem and migrate to roots and stems after uptake by leaves. Concentration, temperature and pH had significant effects on the uptake of KSM. Compared with the control, the competitive inhibitors d -glucose and phlorizin both inhibited the uptake of KSM, demonstrating that sugar transporter proteins were involved in the uptake process. The energy inhibitors dinitrophenol (DNP) and carbonyl cyanide chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) also significantly inhibited the uptake of KSM, indicating that the uptake of KSM required energy consumption. Thus, the uptake of KSM by rice was an active process involving sugar transporter proteins, and it could migrate downward through the phloem. This study contributes to the promotion of the scientific application of antibiotics and the biological control of crop diseases. It will also provide a theoretical basis for the development of root-targeted pesticides and transport pesticides with phloem mobility.
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Journal of Environmental Sciences
·
2026
·
IF 6.5
Zhaoxia Fan,Xinyue Liu,Jiawen Huang,Jianjian Wu,Fei Ge,Na Liu
Cd accumulation in rice exhibited enantioselectivity under Cd-DIN co-exposure. • S -DIN effectively reduced Cd bioavailability and root-to-grain translocation. • OsABCG14 mediated enantioselective Cd-DIN transport via differential binding. • OsABCG14 exhibited preferential binding to Cd- R -DIN over Cd- S -DIN. The interactions between heavy metals and chiral pesticides within agricultural ecosystems remain largely neglected, obscuring environmental behaviors. This study investigated the accumulation and translocation of cadmium (Cd) and chiral dinotefuran (DIN) in rice ( Oryza sativa L . ) under varying co-exposure conditions (hydroponics versus soil; foliar versus root exposure). Surprisingly, co-exposure exhibited a significant enantioselective effect on Cd accumulation. During the tillering stage, Cd- R -DIN caused slight differences in Cd accumulation within plant tissues compared to single Cd, whereas S -DIN markedly reduced Cd accumulation. At the grain-filling and maturity stages, co-exposure decreased the accumulation of both Cd (18.8 %–40.2 %) and DIN (22.3 %–63.3 %). Notably, Cd accumulation in grain under Cd- R -DIN (4.5 × 10 -3 mg/kg) was 3-fold higher than under Cd- S -DIN (1.5 × 10 -3 mg/kg), aligning with a 1.58-fold higher R -DIN accumulation. This indicated that standard doses of DIN (0.06 kg active ingredient/hectare), particularly S -DIN, mitigated Cd bioavailability and root-to-grain translocation. Spectroscopic analyses excluded the enantioselective possibility of direct chemical complexation between DIN and Cd. Proteomics identified ABC transporters as key regulators, with OsABCG14 being upregulated (17.6 %) by Cd- R -DIN but downregulated (18.4 %) by Cd- S -DIN. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that OsABCG14 exhibited a more favorable binding ability with Cd- R -DIN (−60.1 kJ/mol) than with Cd- S -DIN (−43.5 kJ/mol). Heterologous expression in yeast confirmed that strains overexpressing OsABCG14 exhibited increased sensitivity to Cd- R -DIN, validating enantioselective transport. These findings highlight that the targeted application of specific pesticide enantiomers (e.g., S -DIN) could serve as a dual-action strategy for pest management and heavy metal mitigation in co-contaminated agricultural environments. Download: Download high-res image (274KB) Download: Download full-size image
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CHEMOSPHERE
·
2023
·
IF 8.8
Hanxin Wu,Xiaohan Jiang,Jianhao Tong,Jing Wang,Jiyan Shi
Nowadays, Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) contamination in rice is an important worldwide environmental concern. Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 NPs) and Nano hydroxyapatite (n-HAP) are promising materials to manage Pb and Cd contamination. This study systematically investigated the effect of Fe 3 O 4 NPs and n-HAP on Pb and Cd stressed rice seedlings’ growth, oxidative stress , Pb and Cd uptake and subcellular distribution in roots. Furthermore, we clarified the immobilization mechanism of Pb and Cd in the hydroponic system. Fe 3 O 4 NPs and n-HAP could reduce Pb and Cd uptake of rice mainly through decreasing Pb and Cd concentrations in culture solution and combining with Pb and Cd in root tissues. Pb and Cd were immobilized by Fe 3 O 4 NPs through complex sorption processes and by n-HAP through dissolution-precipitation and cation exchange, respectively. On the 7th day, 1000 mg/L Fe 3 O 4 NPs reduced the contents of Pb and Cd in shoots by 90.4% and 95.8%, in roots by 23.6% and 12.6%, 2000 mg/L n-HAP reduced the contents of Pb and Cd in shoots by 94.7% and 97.3%, in roots by 93.7% and 77.6%, respectively. Both NPs enhanced the growth of rice seedlings by alleviating oxidative stress and upregulating glutathione secretion and antioxidant enzymes activity . However, Cd uptake of rice was promoted at certain concentrations of NPs. The subcellular distribution of Pb and Cd in roots indicated that both NPs decreased the percentage of Pb and Cd in the cell wall, which was unfavorable for Pb and Cd immobilization in roots. Cautious choice was needed when using these NPs to manage rice Pb and Cd contamination.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2022
·
IF 7.129
Siyuan Lu,Jing Chen,Junyuan Wang,Donghui Wu,Hongfeng Bian,Haibo Jiang,Lianxi Sheng,Chunguang He
The absorption and accumulation of nanoplastics (NPs) by plants is currently attracting considerable attention. NPs also tend to adsorb surrounding organic pollutants, such as pesticides, which can damage plants. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the phytotoxicity of NPs are not sufficiently researched. Therefore, we analyzed the toxicological effects of 50 mg/L polystyrene NPs (PS 50 nm) and 5 mg/L the herbicide quinolinic (QNC) on rice ( Oryza sativa L.) using 7-day hydroponic experiments, explaining the corresponding mechanisms by transcriptome analysis. The main conclusion is that all treatments inhibit rice growth and activate the antioxidant level. Compared with CK, the inhibition rates of PS, QNC, and PS+QNC on rice shoot length were 3.95%, 6.68%, and 11.43%, respectively. The gene ontology (GO) term photosynthesis was significantly enriched by QNC, and the combination PS+QNC significantly enriched the GO terms of amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolisms. The chemicals QNC and PS+QNC significantly affected the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) of the MAPK signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant-pathogen interaction. Our findings provide a new understanding of the phytotoxic mechanisms and environmental impacts of the interactions between NPs and pesticides. It also provides insights into the impact of NPs and pesticides on plants in the agricultural system.
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）