CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2019
·
IF 3.372
Lelin Zeng,Qian Liu,Li Luo,Lian Liu,Kewen Tang
Liquid membrane (LM) separation is a kinetic process that can be enhanced by increasing the difference between the permeation rates of the components. The addition of H 3 Cit/Na 3 Cit as a selective permeation retardant can enlarge the difference between the permeation rates of Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions when P507 was used as the extractant. This retardant is analogous to a masking agent employed in liquid–liquid extraction (LLE). However, the retardant mainly affects the LM’s kinetics, while the masking agent impacts the LLE's equilibrium. It was found that the separation coefficient of the H 3 Cit/Na 3 Cit LM system could be much greater than that of the H 3 Cit/Na 3 Cit LLE system owing to the LM's kinetic effect. Following the addition of H 3 Cit/Na 3 Cit, the Cu(II) ion permeation rate was selectively retarded, and the LM selectivity of Cd(II)/Cu(II) was significantly enhanced in comparison with a control LM system. To reveal this enhancement mechanism, a new LM kinetic model was established in which the interfacial chemical reactions and mass transfer resistance in the middle connection zone of a H-type device were considered. The model's predictions agreed well with the experimental data. According to the model' quantitative analysis, the retardant affected the apparent reaction rate constants of Cd(II) and Cu(II) ions differently, and this is key to the enhancement mechanism. Aside from concentration, the LM model also predicted the variations in separation coefficient, purity, and yield with time. An optimal LM extraction time zone was defined to obtain high yield and high purity simultaneously. Finally, the enhanced LM was further verified and applied on a preliminary basis in a supported liquid membrane with strip dispersion, which is a LM technology with potential for industrial application.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
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2015
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IF 1.933
Li Chen,Ji Chen,Yu Jing,Deqian Li
Several novel extraction systems were reported since 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-(2-ethylhexyl) ester (P507) had been confronted with low selectivity and incomplete stripping for heavy rare earths (HREs). This paper makes a comprehensive appraisal of P507, bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex272), mixture of P507 and Cyanex272, P507 adding isooctanol and bifunctional ionic liquid extractant (Bif-ILE) [trialkylmethyl-ammonium][di-(2-ethylhexyl)orthophosphinate] ([A336][P507]). Thermodynamics study, apparent kinetics study and theoretical calculation for the cascade extraction are all included. We put forward coordination equilibrium effect for the first time to illustrate the inner and outer environment during the coordination. It could be useful to explain the extraction ability and selectivity of different extractants. All these would provide separation of HREs with more feasible and informative understanding and guidance.
研究领域:
化学工程
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稀有金属提取
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2019
·
IF 3.465
Pan Sun,Kun Huang,Huizhou Liu
Separation of adjacent rare-earth elements, such as Pr and Nd, is extremely difficult due to the similarity in their physicochemical properties . Enhanced separation of adjacent rare-earth elements based on the “push-pull effect” by addition of water-soluble complexing agents was an effective strategy in traditional organic-aqueous two-phase extraction. However, environmental pollution is serious due to the residual of complexing agent in the extraction raffinates. In present work, a novel “external push-pull” extraction system, composed of three coexisting liquid phases, P507 organic phase, ionic liquid (tributyl-methyl ammonium nitrate , N 4441 NO 3 )-rich phase and NaNO 3 aqueous solutions, is suggested to improve the separation between Pr and Nd. It is revealed that Nd and Pr can be enriched respectively into the P507 organic top phase and N 4441 NO 3 -rich ionic liquid middle phase in the external push-pull extraction system, owing to a so-called “external push-pull effect” from a reversed extraction selectivity of P507 organic phase and N 4441 NO 3 ionic liquid-rich phase towards Nd and Pr, respectively. Compared to traditional organic-water two-phase systems, the separation factor of Pr to Nd in the suggested external push-pull extraction system could increase obviously to 3.5 or even more. Various effects from the aqueous pH, NaNO 3 concentration, the initial concentration ratios of Pr to Nd in feed aqueous solutions, and the addition amount of N 4441 NO 3 , the volume of P507 organic phase on the separation between Pr and Nd are discussed. In addition, reversal extraction of rare earth ions in the ionic liquid-rich phase is found to be closely related to the complexation behavior of rare earth ions with NO 3 − ions by using molecular dynamic simulations. Based on this work, a possibility for extraction and separation of 14 rare-earth element ions from their coexisting aqueous solutions using the suggested external push-pull extraction system is also explored. The present work highlights a novel green strategy for improving the separation of adjacent rare-earth elements.
研究领域:
化学工程
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稀土分离技术
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绿色化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Minerals
·
2025
·Vol. 15
·期 2
·153
·
IF 2.2
Kejia Ning,Jingzheng Wang,Li Zhang,Mengting Hong,Biao Fu,Jiushuai Deng,Xiahui Gui,Yaowen Xing,Guixia Fan,Hongxiang Xu
This systematic study was conducted on the separation of yttrium (Y) and erbium (Er) from a chloride medium using a mixed extractant system composed of [N1444][P507] and TRPO (trialkylphosphine oxide) in kerosene. This investigation focused on the effects of various extractants, extraction systems, the initial acidity of the aqueous phase, and the phase contact time on the extraction efficiencies of Y and Er. This study showed that using the combination of [N1444][P507] and TRPO notably increased the extraction performance and enhanced the separation factor between Y and Er, outperforming the individual use of P507 or [N1444][P507] under identical conditions. The extraction efficiencies for Y and Er reached 88.4% and 93.3%, respectively, with a separation factor (Er/Y) of 1.84, highlighting the system’s effectiveness in selectively isolating rare earth elements. Optimal stripping conditions were obtained using 0.1 mol/L of HCl, resulting in a successful recovery of 93.1% of Y3+and 78.9% of Er3+from the organic phase. The extraction mechanism involved both ion exchange and ion association. The enthalpy changes (ΔH) associated with the extraction of Y3+(−2.5 kJ·mol−1) and Er3+(4.6 KJ·mol−1) demonstrate that the extraction processes are exothermic, reflecting the thermodynamic differences between the two ions.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
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2025
·
IF 3.5
Huifang Li,Shuo Wang,Wenbin Fan,Dahuan Liu
Solvent extraction has emerged as a highly promising method for lithium extraction . In this study, a sustainable extraction system was developed using 2-ethylhexyl phosphate mono 2-ethylhexyl ester (P507) and tri-butyl phosphate (TBP). By precisely controlling the coordination mode of Fe 3+ with TBP and P507 during the stripping process, a green extraction process was achieved. The research comprehensively investigated the effects of various factors, such as the type of diluent, saponification ratio, volume ratio of TBP, molar ratio of Fe/Li, and extraction phase ratio. Through systematic experiments, the optimal parameters were identified, and the coordination mechanism between the organic compounds and metal ions was elucidated. This work not only provides a promising approach for lithium recovery from salt lake brines but also establishes a solid theoretical foundation for the industrial application of the TBP-P507 extraction system, thereby holding great potential for promoting the development of the lithium extraction industry.
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2018
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IF 6.735
Tingliang Xie,Minxuan Chen,Cong Xu,Jing Chen
Microextractors are known to provide high mass transfer rates for the extraction and separation of rare-earth elements (REEs). High-throughput microextractors are essential for industrial-scale production of REEs, but few practical studies have been conducted to date. In this work, a chaotic advection microextractor, i.e., a three-stage microextractor, was designed and demonstrated to extract Pr(III) and Ce(III) efficiently from nitric acid media at high throughputs by using 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid-2-ethylhexyl ester (P507) and sulfonated kerosene as an extraction agent and a diluent, respectively. Flow visualization experiments showed that the dispersed phase could be effectively broken into small droplets owing to vortex and recirculation flows. Microextraction experiments performed under optimal extraction conditions indicated that at low throughputs, the concentration ratio D , extraction efficiency E , and separation factor β decreased with an increase in the throughput, whereas at high throughputs, D , E , and β increased with an increase in the throughput. An extraction efficiency close to that of co-current balanced extraction was successfully achieved, even at a high total throughput of 100 mL/min and a rather short residence time of 0.029 s. Thus, the chaotic advection microextractor features a high throughput and high extraction efficiency, which are appropriate for the high-efficiency extraction and separation of REEs.
研究领域:
化学工程
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分离科学
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稀土冶金
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微流控技术
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过程强化
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DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2024
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IF 3.8
Yifan Zhang,Xiao Geng,Huining Deng,Zhuojun Jiang,Benzheng Xia,Liangrong Yang,Zheng Li
The TBP/FeCl3 solvent extraction (SX) system exhibits a high selectivity of lithium over magnesium from magnesium-rich brines, but it suffers from the difficulty of lithium stripping. The addition of 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexy ester (P507) as a modifier to the TBP/FeCl3 system significantly enhances the stripping efficiency of the extraction system by controlling the Fe3+ coordination. However, the performance of other acidic extractants similar to P507 has not yet been investigated. In this work, we systematically compared the performance of the four most commonly used commercial acidic extractants, namely, P507, di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (P204), bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272), and neodecanoic acid (Versatic Acid 10) as modifiers in the TBP/FeCl3 system. It was found that the addition of P204, P507, or Cyanex 272 slightly suppressed the extraction of lithium but Versatic Acid 10 did not; the coextraction of magnesium followed the order P507 > P204 ≈ Cyanex 272 > Versatic Acid 10. Importantly, the ability of the modifiers to keep Fe3+ in the organic phase is correlated with their acidity, i.e., P204 > P507 > Cyanex 272 ≫ Versatic Acid 10. Overall, P204 and P507 exhibited comparable performance, and they both surpassed Cyanex 272 and Versatic Acid 10.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED CHEMISTRY
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2022
·Vol. 95
·期 1
·143-153
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IF 0.869
Jing Xiaohua,Sun Zhumei,Ren Jie,Chen Jing,Pan Donghui,Chen Yufei
Abstract Novel task-specific ionic liquids of [C 4 H 9 NH 3 ][P507], [C 6 H 13 NH 3 ][P507], [C 8 H 17 NH 3 ][P507], [C 10 H 21 NH 3 ][P507] and [C 12 H 25 NH 3 ][P507] were synthesized by one-step reaction. The 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, FT-IR and mass spectra (MS) of the novel task-specific ionic liquids s were studied for analysis of their purities. The [C 4 H 9 NH 3 ][P507] has better performance of selective separation of Co 2+ from Ni 2+ in simulated sulfate solution due to the smaller different value between the radius of Co 2+ and the radius of [C 4 H 9 NH 3 ] + . The separation factor of Co 2+ from Ni 2+ was 522 using the three-stage cross flow extraction. A cleaner separation of Co 2+ from simulated solution containing 14 and 25 g/L of Co 2+ and Ni 2+ , respectively, was achieved using this process due to the unique properties of [C 4 H 9 NH 3 ] [P507].
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Manxing Huo,Ruzhen Zhao,Xiaopeng Jin,Lijuan Liu,Ziwen Ying,Yongming Zhu,Qifeng Wei,Xiulian Ren
Solvent extraction is an effective method for addressing the difficult separation of Cr 3+ and Fe 3+ in sulfuric acid media. Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate (P204) has been shown to extract Fe 3+ from systems where Cr 3+ and Fe 3+ coexist. However, the issue of co-extraction of chromium remains. Considering that 2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexylphosphate (P507) and P204 are the same class of extractants, this study proposes the use of P507 to separate Cr 3+ and Fe 3+ . Under optimal conditions, the primary extraction efficiency for Fe 3+ reached 99.65%, with Cr 3+ being co-extracted at only 5.93%, and Al being co-extracted by 8.66%. The co-extracted Al 3+ was removed by a three-stage cross-current scrubbing process. After three-stage counter-current stripping, selective stripping of iron was achieved, leading to the effective separation of Cr 3+ and Fe 3+ . To date, no studies have reported on the role of sulfate ions in the extraction of Fe 3+ by P507. This study for the first time, reveals a new extraction mechanism in which sulfate ions (SO 4 2− ) play a role in the formation of complexes during the extraction process. It also provides a technological foundation for the further recovery of high-purity Cr 3+ and offers valuable insights into the behavior of sulfate ions during the extraction process.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2026
·
IF 6.3
Shuang Sun,Yuefeng Deng,Ji Chen,Yang Meng,Rui Qin,Zhongte Du
Lithium recovery from weakly acidic raffinate of spent LIBs by P507 was studied. • A cascade extraction process was designed for the separation of Li + /Na + . • P507 could extract 99.9% of Li + in the feed at the lower equilibrium pH of 5.96. • The stripping liquor comprising 22.2 g/L Li + and 0.11 g/L Na + was obtained. • The kinetic of Li + extraction was discussed and the control mechanism was revealed. The booming growth of electric vehicle industry contributes to sizable end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). It is crucial to recover Li + from the high Na/Li ratio raffinate of spent LIBs for circular economy and sustainable resources. In this paper, the Li + extraction process from weakly acidic raffinate of spent LIBs by 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (P507) system was investigated. Compared with di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (P204), P507 showed better separation selectivity for Li + /Na + . The extraction parameters of saponification degree, modifying agents, phase ratio, extraction time, and loading capacity were optimized. A cascade extraction process with ten-stage extraction and eight-stage scrubbing was designed for separating Li + /Na + . It could be concluded that P507 could extract 99.9% of Li + from the feed at an equilibrium pH of 5.96, and the loaded organic phase comprising 2.55 g/L Li + and 0.02 g/L Na + was obtained. Moreover, a three-stage countercurrent stripping process was conducted with 1.75 mol/L H 2 SO 4 at an O/A ratio of 9:1. The final stripping liquor contained 22.2 g/L Li + and 0.11 g/L Na + , and a high-purity (99.5%) Li 2 CO 3 product was obtained by precipitation. Eventually, the kinetic study of Li + extraction with saponified P507 was discussed via the constant interfacial area cell method. The control mechanism was a mixing control occurring at the two-phase interface. The initial extraction rate equation of Li + could be expressed as R Li, init = 10 –6.15 [Li + ] 0.65 [NaA] 0.95 . This research provided a novel insight into the efficient separation of Li + /Na + under weakly acidic conditions, which would benefit the potential industrial applications and environmental protection.
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DOI
高影响因子
MINERALS ENGINEERING
·
2025
·
IF 5
Feixiong Chen,Fupeng Liu,Bin Liao,Jie Wang,Chunfa Liao,Tao Jiang,Jiawei Zhang,Hao Wang,Tao Zhang,Xun Zhou
The composite sulfate solution generated during zinc hydrometallurgy is rich in Ga and Ge, Zn, Al, and other elements. However, existing single extraction systems exhibit poor efficiency for simultaneous Ga and Ge extraction. In addition, the high co-extraction rate of Al hinders the subsequent separation of Al from Ga. In this study, an innovative process—based on synergistic extraction with P507–YW100 and stepwise stripping—was proposed to realize efficient separation and recovery of Ga and Ge. An extraction system, composed of 15 vol% P507 and 4 vol% YW100, yielded Ga and Ge extraction efficiencies of 97.38 % and 99.23 %, respectively. Subsequently, a two-stage extraction process was applied, which increased the extraction efficiencies of Ga and Ge to > 99.5 %. Consequently, the concentrations of these elements in the raffinate were reduced to < 5 mg/L, and the extraction efficiency of Al reached 12.06 %. To minimize the impact of Al on the purities of the subsequent Ga and Ge products, an innovative selective stripping method, involving the use of 6 mol/L of HCl, was applied. The resulting stripping efficiency of Al reached 92.97 %, whereas those of both Ga and Ge were < 1 %. Subsequently, 2 mol/L of H 2 SO 4 was used to preferentially strip Ga, and a 1.5 mol/L NH 4 F solution was used to strip Ge. Ultimately, Ga and Ge stripping efficiencies of 97.07 % and 96.16 %, respectively, were achieved. This process establishes an efficient and environmentally friendly method for recovering gallium and germanium from complex sulfate systems, significantly promoting the clean separation and value-added utilization of rare metals in the zinc hydrometallurgical process.
研究领域:
湿法冶金
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提取冶金
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稀有金属回收
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分离技术
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环境工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 7.312
Yaxing Han,Ji Chen,Yuefeng Deng,Tianchi Liu,Hailian Li,Deqian Li
The current separation technique of ion-adsorption high yttrium (Y) rare earth ore (high-yttrium ore) using 2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid mono-2-ethylhexyl ester (P507) and naphthenic acid (NA) has been confronted with low separation efficiency and high acid consumption. This is a consequence of the low selectivity and the difficulty of complete stripping of heavy rare earths (HREEs). Therefore, an innovative separation technique of high-yttrium ore was proposed. The leachate of high-yttrium ore was firstly divided into Erbium (Er) / Thulium (Tm) groups with P507-isooctanol followed by separating Y (III) from the high Y-enrichment of Er (III) group with sec -octylphenoxy acetic acid (CA12)-tri- n -butyl phosphate (TBP). The basic thermodynamics experiments and cascade extraction simulations were conducted to verify the feasibility of this technology. The results show that P507-15vol% isooctanol is superior to P507 in both stripping ability and separation selectivity of HREEs. The first cascade extraction for Er (III) / Tm (III) grouping with P507-15vol% isooctanol was simulated successfully, reducing acid consumption but obtaining high purity products. In theory, the second cascade extraction simulation designed for separating Y (III) with CA12-TBP could not only improve the separation ability between Y (III) and light rare earths (LREEs) but also shorten the extraction stages and reduce the production costs. All these results revealed that this two-step separation process probably provided a promising application prospect for separating high-yttrium ore.
研究领域:
冶金工程
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稀土化学
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分离科学与技术
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资源加工工程
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湿法冶金
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萃取分离
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）