Environment & Health
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Xuri Wu,Han Zhang,Jingwen Chen,Feng Tan,Rui Cai,Yan Wang
The release of micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) from biodegradable plastics in gastrointestinal environments due to photoaging, along with their associated mechanisms and potential cytotoxicity, is largely unknown. Here, we show that poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT) films undergo ultraviolet photoaging, resulting in increased surface roughness and a higher quantity of MNPs on the surface. This aging process involves the generation of carbon- and oxygen-centered free radicals, chain scission, and the formation of oxidation products with hydroxyl and carbonyl groups. These MNPs can be released under water shear force, significantly increasing the normalized mass loss of aged films to approximately 0.128 mg/cm2 (18 times higher than that of unaged films in water). In the gastrointestinal environment, the normalized mass loss further increases to about 0.196 mg/cm2 (28 times higher), likely due to potential enzymatic digestion and ion-swelling effects. These MNPs, primarily composed of PLA, are smaller and carry more negative charges under gastrointestinal conditions. In the THP-1 cell model, these MNPs affect cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. MNPs obtained through ultrafiltration, compared to those collected via centrifugation, display a broader size distribution and induce more pronounced toxicity in THP-1 cells, with an EC50 of 243 mg/L. Preliminary comparative analysis indicates that PLA/PBAT-derived MNPs present toxicity risks comparable to, or greater than, those of conventional plastic MNPs. These findings underscore the potential hazards associated with biodegradable plastics.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
·
毒理学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 139
·期 27
·e52476
·
IF 3.057
Wenfeng Li,Jinhao Huang,Weifeng Liu,Xueqing Qiu,Hongming Lou,Lu Zheng
Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) is a type of synthetic biodegradable thermoplastic copolyester with comparable mechanical properties to polyethylene, but the application of PBAT is limited by factors such as high cost, short shelf life, poor weather and water resistance. In order to develop PBAT composites with high performance and low cost, lignin-modified PBAT biocomposites with enhanced tensile strength were prepared via in-situ construction of interfacial dynamic bonds. Zinc stearate and epoxy soybean oil were introduced as the interfacial modifiers to construct dynamic bonds between lignin and PBAT, so as to improve the interfacial compatibility. The results demonstrated that the lignin/PBAT biocomposite with interface modifiers reached the maximum tensile strength of 36.7 MPa and an elongation at break of 725.3% at the lignin content of 5 wt%, with the tensile strength achieved 5% improvement on the basis of pure PBAT (34.9 MPa and 717.6%). When the lignin content was increased to 10 wt%, the lignin/PBAT biocomposite with interfacial modifiers still maintained the tensile strength of 35.4 MPa and the elongation at break of 627.8%, which was 82% and 31% higher than that of the directly compounded sample without interfacial modifiers, respectively. Even when the content of lignin loading increased to 20 and 30 wt%, the mechanical properties of the composites were still significantly improved by adding modifiers. The hydrophobicity of the composite was also improved after in-situ interfacial modification. The strategy demonstrated in this work provides an effective reference for the development of lignin/PBAT composites with high performance but low cost.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物基材料
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 5.2
Chen Lin,Han Hu,Hanxu Zhu,Qingyang Luan,Zhenzhong Li,Jinggang Wang,Jin Zhu
Common biodegradable polyesters are degraded under favorable conditions, such as industrial compost. Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) is one of the most prospective and prevalent biodegradable polymer, while its degradation in natural environment is slow. Herein, we introduce a stimulus group with disulfide bonds to obtain a poly(butylene adipate-co-dithiodipropionate-co-terephthalate) (PBADiT) copolyester. Their melting temperature is higher than 120 °C and the thermal stability is sufficient for melt processing. They show high modulus (>110 MPa) and high toughness when ≤30% of disulfide bonds are introduced. BDi (butylene dithiodipropionate) units show slightly lower hydrolysis and enzymatic degradation ability, and PBADiT copolymers show acceptable storage stability in a damp environment. The redox response of PBADiT helps realize on-demand degradation after use. From 0.01 to 1 mol/L H2O2 solutions, the hydrolysis of PBADiT can be regulated or accelerated by 15 days of fast hydrolysis with weight loss exceeding 40%. Reductive conditions, represented by 0.2 mol/L dithiothreitol (DTT) solutions, are also an efficient stimulus source for achieving rapid breakage of PBADiT. Hence, PBADiT copolymers provide a new approach for sustainable and degradable materials with required usage time and impart the polymer with accelerated degradation in redox environments.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 12.2
Qingyang Luan,Han Hu,Xingyu Ouyang,Xiaoyu Jiang,Chen Lin,Hanxu Zhu,Ting Shi,Yi-Lei Zhao,Jinggang Wang,Jin Zhu
Biodegradable plastics are often mistakenly thought to be capable of degrading in any environment, but their slow degradation rate in the natural environment is still unsatisfactory. We synthetized a novel series of poly(butylene oxalate-co-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBOAT) with unchanged melting point (135 °C), high elastic modulus (140 - 219 MPa) and elongation at break (478 - 769%). Fast isothermal crystallization with a semi-crystallization time < 20 s was demonstrated by the PBOAT. In N 2 and air atmospheres, the PBOAT maintained the T d,5% higher than 329 °C. They also had good thermal stability at melt processing temperature for more than 20 min. PBOAT exhibited faster hydrolysis and seawater degradation, even under natural soil burial without light, but still kept stable under low humidity conditions during the storage and the shelf-life. Moreover, the hydrolysis mechanisms were clarified based on Fukui function analysis and DFT calculation, indicating that the hydrolysis of PBOAT would be more straightforward. The mechanism of soil burial is also elucidated through detailed characterization of the structure changes. The PBOAT offered a fresh approach to the development of high-performing, naturally degradable materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
生物降解材料
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Jiahua Chen,Xinyi Chen,Baoquan Zhang,Li He,Xinjian Li,Yingzhan Li,Zhen Zhang,Ying Zhou,Wanhui Jin,Xia He,Hongchen Liu
The development of a thermoplastic , biodegradable composite material to replace conventional polymers derived from petroleum was the main area of concentration. Herein, a method for preparing antibacterial, UV-blocking and degradable CNF/Lignin/PBAT composite films (CLP) using cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), lignin, and Poly (butylene adipate-terephthalate) (PBAT) as raw materials by solution casting method was described. With the adding of PBAT , the thermal stability, thermoplastic , mechanical properties were enhanced by improving the compatibility between components. The maximum tensile strength of CLP could reach 189.72 MPa, which increased 25.5 % compared to CNF/Lignin film. The average initial decomposition temperature could reach 321 °C, which was much higher than that of CNF and lignin. At the same time, its good heat-sealing performance made it suitable for practical use. Meanwhile, the composite films had excellent UV resistance and could block over 95 % of UV light. The antibacterial results indicated that the films had a good inhibitory effect on E. coli and S. aureus , with a maximum inhibitory ring diameter of 5.56 and 6.36 mm. In addition, the composite film also had excellent barrier capability to liquid and gas. The prepared film had potential to produce flexible packing, industrial compositing and biomedical fields .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
·
2025
·
IF 7.7
Shenghe Zhang,Zhimin Song,Bibo Wang,Richard K.K. Yuen,Yuan Hu
In this study, an organic macromolecular flame-retardant quaternary ammonium salt (OCA-HP-LA) was synthesized through molecular design and its structure was characterized. Subsequently, it was mixed with nano clay (DK4) and poly (butylene adipate terephthalate) (PBAT) by melt blending to prepare PBAT/DK4/OCA-HP-LA nanocomposite. The tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (EB) of the sample PBAT/DK4/OCA-HP-LA 5wt% were 23.3MPa and 1362%, respectively, which were higher than the pure sample. This indicates that the addition of OCA-HP-LA enabled complete delamination of the DK4 flakes, achieving true nanocomposite., which can be confirmed by transmission electron microscopy results. The PHRR of the modified samples was significantly reduced, notably, the SPR and TSP of the sample PBAT/DK4/OCA-HP-LA 5wt% were 0.127m 2 /s and 7.86m 2 , which were 40.4% and 47.1% lower than those of the pure PBAT. Therefore, OCA-HP-LA achieves a multi-dimensional improvement in the mechanical and fire safety properties of PBAT.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
燃烧学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Xin Wang,Binbo Wang,Rong Huang,Tao Jiang,Yi Wang,Shuai Du,Falin Li,Jin Zhu,Songqi Ma
Poly (butylene adipate- co -terephthalate) (PBAT)/starch composites have captured great attentions due to their favorable biodegradability and cost-effectiveness. However, it is still a challenge to prepare PBAT/starch composites with superior mechanical performance, solvent and creep resistance, and gas barrier. This study used a chain breaking-crosslinking strategy to prepare covalent adaptable network (CAN) composites from PBAT and unmodified starch via reactive extrusion. In the chain breaking stage, dipentaerythritol was used to break PBAT via transesterification and capped more hydroxyl groups on PBAT, achieving favorable compatibility with unmodified starch, which is confirmed via infrared spectroscopy analysis and scanning electron microscopy among other experimental methods. In the crosslinking stage, the hydroxyl groups of chain broken PBAT and starch were reacted with styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) to form CAN composites. The superior compatibility and network feature gave the composites excellent thermal properties, strength and modulus, creep resistance, solvent resistance and gas barrier performance. Moreover, fast stress relaxation can be achieved based on the transesterification, allowing for extrusion processing and thermal compression molding, demonstrating excellent reprocessing recyclability of the PBAT/starch CAN composites. Overall, this work provides a simple, green and efficient method for preparing high-performance PBAT/starch CAN composites, which should also be suitable for other polymer/filler composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Environmental Science-Processes & Impacts
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Yi Liu,Jiafei Xie,Yimiao Lin,Ruojia Li,Liang Zhu,Ying Zhou
Microplastics (MPs) pollution in soil has emerged as a significant environmental concern, particularly regarding the interactions between MPs and chemical contaminants such as pesticides. This study focused on the aging of biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films in the presence of five sulfur/chlorine (S/Cl)-containing pesticides (prothioconazole, myclobutanil, isazophos, harmony, and flumetsulam), selected for their common use in agricultural practices and potential environmental persistence. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were employed to investigate the dynamics of heavy metal adsorption and release (specifically Ni, Cu, and Sn) during MPs aging, as indicated by changes in surface morphology and polymer functional groups. Results revealed that PBAT aged more rapidly than LDPE, irrespective of pesticide presence. All pesticides tested accelerated aging of MPs, with a notable enhancement in the adsorption of Ni and Cu and the release of Sn. Among the pesticides, prothioconazole and myclobutanil exhibited the most significant effects on aging of MPs and heavy metal interactions, while harmony and flumetsulam had minimal impact. These findings highlight the potential environmental risks associated with the combined exposure of MPs and pesticides, offering insights for future environmental risk assessments.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
土壤科学
·
高分子化学
·
农业化学
·
生态毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
·
2021
·
IF 9.078
Yufei Liu,Shan Liu,Zhentao Liu,Yang Lei,Siyuan Jiang,Kai Zhang,Wei Yan,Jun Qin,Min He,Shuhao Qin,Jie Yu
Biodegradable polymers , including polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT), can replace traditional plastics to effectively target microplastic pollution; however, their high cost limits their application. In this study, vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS)-grafted lignin (VL) was prepared and incorporated into PBAT to reduce its cost and improve its mechanical properties while maintaining its biodegradability. Results show that the tensile strength , Young's modulus , and biodegradation efficiency of a PBAT/VL-30% composite increased by 200%, 151%, and 96%, respectively, compared with neat PBAT. VTMS grafting onto lignin thus improves the dispersion of lignin in PBAT; a network structure of PBAT and VL is formed via reactive extrusion . This work provides a theoretical basis for the design and development of low-cost, highly biodegradable PBAT composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2021
·
IF 5.645
Ming Li,Yunxiu Jia,Xin Shen,Tao Shen,Zhuotao Tan,Wei Zhuang,Gulin Zhao,Chenjie Zhu,Hanjie Ying
This study prepared ternary composites PBAT/thermoplastic starch (TPS)/lignin containing 20, 30 and 40 wt% of TPS/lignin fillers via thermal compounding, and found that lignin imposes compatibilization effect on PBAT and TPS. Thermal analysis shows that the incorporation of lignin results in higher thermal stability, reduced crystallization temperatures, broader crystallization exotherms and increased T g due to the rigid aromatic structure of lignin. Tensile tests exhibit that strain at break and tensile strength reaches a maximum at loading 10 wt% of lignin. The reinforcement of lignin is reflected as the enhanced elastic modulus, Shore-D hardness, and more prominent yielding behavior of the composites. Rheological and microscope measurements show that the incorporation of lignin leads to higher approximation to theoretical Han curve, and reduced TPS particle size in the composites, indicating that lignin improves the interfacial compatibility between the PBAT and TPS phases. Contact angle and water absorption results demonstrate that lignin improves the hydrophobicity and water repelling ability of the composites, which are favorable for products with prolonged mechanical properties and shelf life.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POWDER TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4.6
Wanjun Li,Dongming Zou,Binling Chen,Yuan Wang
The application of selective laser sintering (SLS) across various industries is limited by the narrow range of available polymers. It is essential to develop new materials for SLS using sustainable methods. In this study, poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene adipate- co -terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT) composite powders with great flowability were prepared in different ratios using thermally induced phase separation (TIPS). The particle size, morphology, and wide sintering window of the PLA/PBAT composite powders demonstrated their suitability for SLS. Optimized process parameters enabled the successful manufacturing of various specimens via SLS. Tensile tests revealed that the addition of PBAT improved the mechanical properties of the composite, with 3.5 wt% PBAT yielding the best results. PLA/PBAT composite powders produced via this environmentally friendly method were shown to be viable for use in SLS.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
增材制造
·
聚合物工程
·
可持续性科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
·
2021
·Vol. 30
·期 2
·562-568
·
IF 3.667
Gong Ping,Zhao Youxi,Li Ke,Tian Huafeng,Li Chuanming
Soy protein isolate (SPI) has the advantages of low cost, easy processing, stable performance and so on. However, the processing temperature of SPI is high, the processed products are hard and brittle with high water absorption capacity, so it is necessary to modify the soybean protein during processing. Small molecule plasticizer is commonly used globally to plasticize and modify soybean protein. Different plasticizer content has different plasticizing effect on protein, and the properties of materials prepared will also vary greatly. The plasticizer can affect the viscosity of the blends morphology and properties by changing the viscosity of protein phase. In this work, glycerol with the excellent plasticizing effect was selected as plasticizer, and SPI was plasticized with glycerol of different contents, and then the plasticized SPI was blended with poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PBAT) to prepare biodegradable blend materials. The influence of plasticizer content on the structure and properties of the blends was explored by observing the microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties of the blends. The results showed that with the increase of glycerol content, the crystallization temperature and melting temperature of the blend system increased, the chain segment was easier to move, and the glass transition temperature(Tg) decreased. At the same time, the viscosity of the blending system decreases, which improves the processing fluidity of the system.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）