POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
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2023
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IF 7
Xingxing Yuan,Kuixian Meng,Shiwei Shi,Yaoyanbing Wu,Xiumei Chen,Qiuli OuYang,Nengguo Tao
This study investigated the efficacy of trans-2-hexenal in preventing green mold on postharvest citrus fruit and its mode of action against imazalil-resistant Penicillium digitatum Pdw03. Trans-2-hexenal inhibited Pdw03 at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 0.25 mL L −1 . Trans-2-hexenal reduced the incidence of green mold, which is a plant volatile compound with potent antifungal properties . Ultrastructural analysis revealed that trans-2-hexenal altered the mitochondrial structure of Pdw03. Trans-2-hexenal also increased the amount of reactive oxygen species, which hindered mitochondrial energy metabolism of Pdw03, resulting in mitochondrial structural damage and malfunction, and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, RNA-seq analysis revealed that trans-2-hexenal altered the expression of some energy metabolism genes associated with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glycolysis, and oxidative phosphorylation of Pdw03. Superoxide dismutase , catalase , glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase activities were altered, and expression of the relevant gene was also quantified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR . Trans-2-hexenal damaged ribosomes, primarily by downregulation of the ribosomal structural component-associated genes RPL3 , RPS18 , RPL12 , RPL26 , RPL13A , RPL9 , RPL23 , and RPL4 , and then by reducing protein synthesis to achieve the inhibitory effect.
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高影响因子
Fungal Biology
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2022
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IF 2.91
Long Guo,Xiaoxue Mao,Yi Li,Zhiqin Zhou
Citrus is susceptible to Penicillium digitatum ( P. digitatum ) infection in post-harvest storage, resulting in enormous economic losses. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity and potential mechanism of the combination of Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs) and citral (two natural antifungal components derived from citrus) against P. digitatum in vitro and citrus fruit. The results show that PMFs can enhance the antifungal activity of citral nanoemulsion, and PMFs-loaded citral nanoemulsion (PCT) has significant antifungal activity in a concentration-dependent manner. PCT can evidently inhibit spore germination and mycelial growth in vitro , and effectively control the growth of green mold on postharvest citrus fruit. Furthermore, PCT treatment resulted in the alteration of mycelia morphology, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and membrane lipid peroxidation. These changes can disrupt the normal structure and function of the cell membrane, as evidenced by the reduction of total lipid and ergosterol content in the mycelia and the stronger red fluorescence of the cells emitted after PI staining. Based on the above results, we infer that PCT has a strong inhibitory effect on P. digitatum , and its potential mechanism is related to the destruction of the cell membrane. Therefore, PCT can be considered as a botanical fungicide for citrus preservation.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Heliyon
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2023
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IF 4
Yumeng Liu,Luo Weng,Ying Lin,Daijie Lin,Linsheng Xie,Tian Zhong
Preservation and microorganism control of fresh-cut fruit pose a persistent challenge in the food industry. To address this issue, we prepared a β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complex containing carvacrol using a coprecipitation method and employed it for the non-contact fumigation of fresh-cut Shatangju mandarin slices. This biodegradable and safe preservative offers an effective means to combat spoilage and ensure product quality. We confirmed the formation of the encapsulated structure of the inclusion complex through various characterization methods, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). We also demonstrated the inhibitory effect of this preservative on Penicillium digitatum and its associated spoilage both in vitro and in vivo . The incidence and severity were significant lower in the inclusion complex-treated group (75.0% and 46.7%, respectively) compared to the group treated with pure carvacrol (100% and 69.2%, respectively). In addition, fruit freshness parameters and sensory evaluation showed that the inclusion complex treatment effectively maintained the overall quality of the fruit and achieved the highest consumer acceptance.
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PubMed
高影响因子
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
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2024
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IF 3.9
Fan Yang,Xiuying Zhong,Yuqing Wang,Juan Zhao,Yongqing Lu,Chao-an Long
Parabens are one of the “generally regarded as safe” salts since its lower toxicity for the environment and human health. The curative activities of methylparaben (MP) had been detected previously by applying them into coating films in some fruits. In this study, we investigated the antifungal activities and putative mechanisms of MP against Penicillium digitatum , which causes the destructive citrus green mold disease during postharvest period. The results indicated that MP inhibited the P. digitatum hyphal growth in vitro at a minimum inhibitory/fungicidal concentration of 0.40 and 0.60 g L −1 , respectively. The conidial germination rates were also distinctly restrained. Under scanning and transmission electron microscopies, the treated hyphae were slender and shrunken, had defects in developing conidiophores, and exhibited apoptotic mitochondria and vacuolated cytoplasmic matrix. Meanwhile, MP damaged the plasma membrane to accelerate the intracellular substances leaking out, and induced the activity of chitinase to degrade cell wall. The MP-treated hyphae showed activated the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, and stimulated the content of antioxidant glutathione. MP alleviated the disease prevalence of inoculated citrus in the fruit decay test, but did not display good preservative effect in storage experiment. Collectively, our findings basically elucidate the underlying physiological antifungal mechanism of MP against P. digitatum .
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高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
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2020
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IF 4.303
Jinxin Che,Yue Chen,Yalan Wu,Lu Li,Nengguo Tao
Tremendous economic losses in the citrus industry are caused by infestations of Penicillium digitatum . Previous research has shown that the terpene myrcene in citrus essential oils could stimulate the spore germination and mycelial growth of P. digitatum . However, the underlying mechanism is poorly known. Here, how myrcene induces the spore germination of P. digitatum was elucidated. The addition of myrcene significantly promoted the spore germination of P. digitatum and green mold in citrus fruit. As the incubation time increased, the intracellular and extracellular myrcene contents both significantly decreased in myrcene-treated samples, and no downstream products were detected through a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the contents of metabolites involved in central carbon metabolism, such as glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, and citrate cycle, were significantly affected after the addition of myrcene. The adenosine triphosphate content and the intracellular energy charge were also drastically increased. Overall, our results suggest that the ability of myrcene to stimulate the spore germination of P. digitatum might be mediated by the upregulation of central carbon and energy metabolism.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
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2020
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IF 1.992
Jinxin Che,Xiumei Chen,Qiuli Ouyang,Nengguo Tao
Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum are the two important postharvest pathogens in citrus, causing about 90% of the total loss of citrus fruit during storage and transportation. Natural fungicides such as essential oils have been widely used instead of chemical fungicides for preventing and controlling postharvest diseases. In this research, p -anisaldehyde exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on P. digitatum and P. italicum , with the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration values of both being 2.00 μl/ml. Additionally, p -anisaldehyde visibly inhibited both the green mold and blue mold development of citrus fruits inoculated with P. digitatum and P. italicum . The mycelia morphologies of these pathogens were greatly altered, and the membrane permeability and cell wall integrity of mycelia were severely disrupted under p -anisaldehyde treatment. These results suggest that the antifungal activity of p -anisaldehyde against P. digitatum and P. italicum can be attributed to the disruption of the cell wall integrity.
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PubMed
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 6.8
Jiayi Song,Maomao Ma,Yijian Wu,Yan Hu,Xinyi Wu,Peipei Guan,Bin Zeng
Green mold, caused by Penicillium digitatum , is one of the most destructive postharvest diseases of citrus fruits, leading to significant rot and economic losses. In this study, the antifungal activity and underlying mechanism of the novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP) N1–6L7A against P. digitatum were investigated. Additionally, the potential application of N1–6L7A for controlling postharvest green mold in Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck was examined. N1–6L7A exhibited potential antifungal efficacy by inhibiting both mycelial growth and spore germination of P. digitatum . Furthermore, it demonstrated excellent thermal stability, pH tolerance, and biosafety. The results of fluorescence microscopy assay, cell component leakage, and microscopic observations revealed that N1–6L7A severely damaged the fungal membrane of P. digitatum , leading to the release of intracellular nucleic acids and proteins. N1–6L7A treatment also induced excessive intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, and decreased activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and ATPase. Gel retardation assay indicated that P. digitatum -DNA was a target of N1–6L7A. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis suggested that N1–6L7A might inhibit the growth of P. digitatum by blocking the expression of genes related to the ribosome, amino acid metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. Meanwhile, the peptide potentially promoted the expression of genes involved in steroid biosynthesis. Notably, in vivo assays confirmed that N1–6L7A effectively controlled P. digitatum infection in citrus fruits and enhanced host resistance by activating defense-related enzymes. Collectively, our results suggested that N1–6L7A could be used as an alternative fungicide to prevent green mold in citrus fruits.
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高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
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2023
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IF 7
Guliang Yang,Zhiwen Qi,Sijie Shan,Kun Lu,Junqin Zhou,Liying Yang,Xiaofeng Tan
In this study, we developed a method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous assembly assay and anchoring them with camellia seed cake polyphenols (CPs). Zeta potential analysis demonstrated a higher binding affinity of CP-AgNPs to Penicillium digitatum , which could be attributed to the interaction between the hydroxyl group of CP-AgNPs and the polysaccharide present on the fungal cell wall. Compared to AgNPs, the CP-AgNPs outperformed conventional AgNPs in antifungal activity against P. digitatum . The mechanism underlying this antimicrobial effect involves raising the level of oxidative stress by regulating the expression levels of oxidative stress response genes. In addition, CP-AgNPs/CS showed highly effective in reducing citrus decay levels during chamber storage. In conclusion, the use of CPs as anchoring agent in the in-situ aqueous assembly of CP-AgNPs improved their biocompatibility and antimicrobial properties. CP-AgNPs hold great promise for applications in fruit preservation, especially citrus preservation.
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高影响因子
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