CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
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2025
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IF 12.5
Jin-Yang Shi,Yong-Jian Wang,Qian-Wen Bao,Ya-Min Qin,Pei-Pei Li,Qiao-Qiao Wu,Cheng-Kai Xia,De-Ling Wu,Song-Zi Xie
Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharides (PCP) exhibit ameliorative effects on colitis. However, whether the protective effects of PCP depend on the gut microbiota and how PCP regulates intestinal immune responses to alleviate colitis remain unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of PCP against colitis focusing on the regulation of intestinal immune response. The PCP structure was reclassified as fructan. PCP treatment significantly reduced the symptoms of colitis. PCP restored IgA, ZO-1, Occludin, and MUC2 expression to enhance intestinal barrier function. Oral PCP administration markedly inhibited excessive inflammation-mediated immune response by modulating inflammatory cytokines secretion and Th17/Tregs cell balance and restored gut microbial composition. Interestingly, PCP still had a significant ameliorating effect on intestinal inflammation in colitis mice with gut microbial depletion by antibiotics. In the Caco-2/RAW264.7 co-culture inflammation model, PCP treatment improved the intestinal epithelial barrier function by regulating the inflammatory immune response through signal transduction pathways. Overall, these findings suggested that the alleviating effects of PCP on colitis are independent of gut microbiota, and that PCP can directly modulate the inflammatory immune response and intestinal barrier function, which in turn regulates gut microbiota. These findings will provide new insights into the action mechanism of natural polysaccharides in relieving colitis.
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Chinese Medicine
·
2022
·Vol. 17
·期 1
·1-13
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IF 4.546
Chen Zherui,Zhu Baojie,Chen Zhixin,Cao Wen,Wang Junqiao,Li Shaoping,Zhao Jing
Background Polygonatum cyrtonema, one of origins of Polygonata Rhizoma ( HuangJing in Chinese), is traditionally steamed repeatedly before being used as herbal medicine in China. However, there has no standard for steaming of HuangJing . Therefore, a comprehensive study for effects of steam on polysaccharides from Polygonatum cyrtonema based on saccharide mapping, a powerful method developed for polysaccharides analysis, and pharmacological activity are still necessary, which is helpful to explore the effect of steam on the physiochemical and biological activities of its polysaccharides and develop steaming standard of Polygonatum cyrtonema . Methods To explore the effect of steam on physiochemical and biological activities of P. cyrtonema polysaccharides (PCP), six polysaccharides named PCP0, PCP1, PCP2, PCP3, PCP4 and PCP5 were extracted from the herb consecutively steamed for 0–5 times, respectively. Their molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide composition and PACE fingerprints were investigated through HPSEC-MALLS-RID, HPAEC-PAD and saccharide mapping based on polysaccharides analysis by using carbohydrate gel electrophoresis (PACE) and HPTLC, respectively. In addition, their antioxidant ability and immunostimulatory activities on RAW 264.7 cells in terms of NO production and phagocytosis were compared. Results Results suggested that molecular weights could be changed during steam, which increased by first steaming and then decreased with further steaming though all polysaccharides’ molecular weights were 10 5 -10 7 Da. They all showed irregularly spherical conformation in aqueous solution based on AFM imaging. Their monosaccharide composition and PACE fingerprints were significantly different after steaming, i.e., galactose increased while glucose and mannose decreased, and β-1,4-Gal p appeared while β-1,4-Man p increased, after steaming. Steamed PCP significantly increased scavenging activity against ABTS radicals, while PCP0 had the best immunostimulatory effect on RAW 264.7 in terms of NO production and phagocytosis. Conclusions In summary, steam significantly affected the chemical composition and bioactivities of polysaccharides from P. cyrtonema . Considering the balance beneficial effects of steaming on antioxidant and immunopotentiation activities of PCP, 2 times of continuous steam is the optimal choice under the given conditions.
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FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
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2025
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IF 3.5
Qile Xia,Beiqiong Hao,Chenxing Liu,Yan Cao
Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (PcH) is a traditional medicinal and edible homologous plant. Here, the anticancer activity of different purified PcH saponins (PcHs) on the ovarian cancer (OC) cell A2780 were investigated. The PcHs were purified by AB-8. Their effects on the apoptosis, migration and invasion of A2780 were explored by CCK8, wound healing assay, Hoechst 33258 staining, Annexin V-FITC/PI and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement. Moreover, western blot and realtime-PCR confirmation were performed for the associated protein and mRNA targets. The results showed that the content of PcHs increased from 0.31 ± 0.02 mg/mL to 0.79 ± 0.02 mg/mL after purification. The inhibition rate of purified PcHs on A2780 could reach 66.76 ± 0.56%. Specifically, it promoted cell apoptosis, disturbed the cell cycle, increased the ROS levels, regulated the expression levels of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins. PcHs can also regulate the expression level of proteins related to the invasion and migration characteristics of A2780, the mRNA expression level related to the P13K-Akt signal transduction process, and the extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathway, as well as drug resistance. Overall, this study provides a new idea for the treatment of OC.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
·
IF 7.7
Wang Liu,Ya-Min Qin,Jin-Yang Shi,De-Ling Wu,Chun-Yang Liu,Juan Liang,Song-Zi Xie
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of ultrasonic degradation on the physicochemical and biological characteristics of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide (PCP, 8.59 kDa). PCP was subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 8, 16, and 24 h and yielded the degraded fractions PCP-8, PCP-16, and PCP-24 (5.06, 4.13, and 3.69 kDa), respectively. Compared with the intact PCP, PCP-8, PCP-16 and PCP-24 had a reduced particle size (decrements of 28.03 %, 46.15 % and 62.54 %, respectively). Although ultrasonic degradation did not alter the primary structure of PCP, its triple helical and superficial structures were disrupted, with degraded fractions demonstrating reduced thermal stability and apparent viscosities compared with those of the intact PCP. Furthermore, the functional properties of the degraded fractions were different. PCP-16 most favourably affected GLP-1 secretion, while PCP-8 and PCP-24 exhibited the strongest antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities, respectively. Hence, controlled ultrasound irradiation is an appealing approach for partially degrading PCP and enhancing its bioactivity as a functional agent.
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Frontiers in Nutrition
·
2024
·
IF 4
Wu Weijing,Wang Yanling,Yi Ping,Su Xufeng,Mi Yan,Wu Lanlan,Tan Qianglai
Introduction: Different steaming durations dramatically alter the structure of Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharides (PCPs). This study aimed to compare characteristics of digestion, absorption, and fermentation by gut microbiota across four representative PCPs from different steaming durations (0, 4, 8, and 12 h), each with unique molecular weights and monosaccharide profiles.Methods: Chemical composition of the four PCPs was analyzed. Digestibility was evaluated using an in vitro saliva-gastrointestinal digestion model. Absorption characteristics were assessed with a Caco-2 monolayer model, and impacts on gut microbiota composition and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) levels were analyzed using in vitro fermentation with human gut microbiota.Results: Longer steaming durations altered the chemical profiles of PCPs, reducing carbohydrate content (84.87–49.58%) and increasing levels of uronic acid (13.99–19.61%), protein (1.07–5.43%), and polyphenols (0.05–2.75%). Four PCPs were unaffected by saliva digestion but showed enhanced gastrointestinal digestibility, with reducing sugar content rising from 4.06% (P0) to 38.5% (P12). The four PCPs showed varying absorption characteristics, with P0 having the highest permeability coefficient value of 9.59 × 10−8 cm/s. However, all PCPs exhibited poor permeability, favoring gut microbiota fermentation. The four PCPs altered gut microbiota composition and elevated SCFA production, but levels declined progressively with longer steaming durations. All PCPs significantly increased the abundance of Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota, making them the dominant bacterial phyla. Additionally, all PCPs significantly increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Prevotella, and Faecalibacterium compared to the control group, which, along with Bacteroides, became the dominant microbiota. Increasing the steaming duration led to a reduction in Prevotella levels, with PCPs from raw rhizomes showing the highest relative abundance at 24.90%. PCPs from moderately steamed rhizomes (4 h) led to a significant rise in Faecalibacterium (7.73%) among four PCPs. P8 and P12, derived from extensively steamed rhizomes (≥8 h), exhibited similar gut microbiota compositions, with significantly higher relative abundances of Bacteroides (20.23–20.30%) and Bifidobacterium (21.05–21.51%) compared to P0 and P4.Discussion: This research highlights the importance of adjusting steaming durations to maximize the probiotic potential of P. cyrtonema polysaccharides, enhancing their effectiveness in modulating gut microbiota and SCFA levels.
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MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
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2024
·
IF 4.9
Shuanglin Deng,Fang Wang,Meng Xiong,Bangxing Han,Hui Yan
The rapid, accurate, and on-site quantitative evaluation of the 3 components (total polysaccharide, total flavonoid, and total saponin) of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (PCH) is of great significance to ensure the value of its medicine and food, for this purpose, a handheld near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer was used. The raw NIR spectra were preprocessed by seven methods and their combinations, then three kinds of wavelength selection algorithms, the competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), random frog (RF) sampling, and Monte Carlo uninformative variable elimination (MCUVE) were applied, and the characteristic wavelengths for total polysaccharide, total saponin, and total flavonoid in PCH were obtained, respectively. Subsequently, the partial least squares (PLS) regression models were developed. The results showed that the combination of first derivative and standard normal variate was the optimal pretreatment method, and CARS had the highest performance of the wavelength selection for total polysaccharide and total flavonoid, while RF was the highest for total saponin. With these selected wavelengths, 3 PLS prediction models were built, and their performances were validated with unknown samples, the results showed that the determination coefficient of the prediction set (R 2 P ) of total polysaccharide, total saponin, and total flavonoid were 0.980, 0.948, and 0.942, respectively, and the corresponding root mean square error of prediction set (RMSEP) were 0.162, 0.142, and 0.052. Furthermore, the residual prediction deviations (RPDs) of the three components were all larger than 3, demonstrating the prediction performance of the models was high. Therefore, the three active functional components in PCH could be rapidly determined by a handheld NIR spectrometer, which would be beneficial for ensuring the quality of PCH.
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Applied Food Research
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2025
·
IF 6.2
Wang-Wei Zhang,Rui-Xi Zhang,Xiu-Xiu Zhang,Zhi-Jing Ni,Kiran Thakur,Jian-Guo Zhang,Zhao-Jun Wei
This study successfully developed a ternary ZCP-PCPP nanocomposite using zein (ZN), chitosan (CS), and the polyphenols extracted from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (PCPP) to stabilize Pickering emulsions. The optimal ZN-CS was 2:1, which resulted in the ZCP-PCPP nanocomposite with the strongest encapsulation ability for PCPP, uniform particle size, and strong structural stability. Infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction confirmed that ZN, CS, and PCPP interacted mainly through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces. Stability analyses demonstrated that ZCP-PCPP markedly enhanced the physical stability and oxidative resistance of the emulsions. Furthermore, ZCP-PCPP nanoparticles at 3–5% (w/v) effectively protected β-carotene against thermal and ultraviolet degradation. These findings highlight that combining natural polymers with bioactive polyphenols provides an efficient strategy for producing stable Pickering emulsions with strong antioxidant protection potential.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2025
·
IF 8.5
Weiguang Luo,Xiuwei Li,Chenxi Zhang,Kai Shen,Mengxue Li,Yan Zhuang,Jinhai Huo,Weiming Wang
Polygonatum cyrtonema (PC) is a traditional Chinese herb used in both food and medicine with considerable bioactivity. The nine-steam processed pieces of PC are the main form of clinical application, while research has focused on the polysaccharide of their crude form. This study evaluated the physicochemical characteristics and protective effects of polysaccharides from both crude PC (PCP) and nine-steamed PC (NPCP) against cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppression. The findings indicate significant differences in the physicochemical characteristics of PCP and NPCP. The nine steaming treatments reduced the polysaccharide content by 8.15 %, and significantly altered monosaccharide proportion. Both polysaccharides accelerated the recovery of spleen and thymus indexes and restored the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IgA, IgM, and IgG in the serum of CTX-treated mice in a dose-dependent manner as well as improved the morphology of spleen, thymus, and colon tissues. Furthermore, PCP and NPCP promoted the production of SCFAs and the recovery of intestinal flora in CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice. NPCP exhibited a better protective effect against CTX-induced immunosuppression. The results of this study confirm the importance of the nine-steaming method for PC and provide a basis for the further development of NPCP as a functional food to alleviate CTX-induced immunosuppression.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Siqing Xiong,Pengcheng Tao,Yuanguo Yu,Wenbing Wu,Yongxin Li,Gang Chen,Jinping Si,Huqing Yang
This study aimed to investigate the effects of raw Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua polysaccharides (RPCPs) and “zhi” P. cyrtonema Hua polysaccharides (ZPCPs) on the gluten structure, in vitro digestion, and shelf life of fresh wet noodles (FWN). The results demonstrated that incorporating PCPs improved the cooking and sensory qualities of FWN. Moreover, the shelf life of FWN was extended by 6 days with 1.5 % RPCPs (w/w) compared with the control FWN. Furthermore, incorporating 1.5 % ZPCPs led to a 1.2- and 0.2-fold increase in the disulfide bond and α-helix content, respectively, compared with the control FWN. This resulted in enhanced gluten structure, improved springiness and viscidity, and reduced cooking loss by 14.47 %–52.19 %. The scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that the starch particles were entrapped by PCPs, leading to higher gelatinization temperature and lower setback value of FWN, thereby reducing the starch digestion ratio to 55.50 %. In summary, the findings suggested that FWN containing PCPs can extend shelf life, improve taste, and slow starch digestion staple.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2026
·
IF 8.7
Xiuwei Li,Weiguang Luo,Lu Li,Chenxi Zhang,Kai Shen,Feng Peng,Tingting Xu,Wenbin Feng,Yan Zhuang,Jinhai Huo,Weiming Wang
A novel acidic polysaccharide, NPCP-A1 was purified from nine-steamed Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua. • The complex and fine structure of NPCP-A1 was characterized. • NPCP-A1 has immunomodulatory activity of RAW264.7. • NPCP-A1 has potential application prospects in functional foods. A galactose-rich acidic polysaccharide, named NPCP-A1 ( M w = 55.138 kDa), was obtained from Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua processed by nine steaming and nine sun drying cycles. The structure of NPCP-A1 was elucidated by comprehensive analysis of results from high performance size exclusion chromatography-multi angle laser light scattering-refractive index detector (HPSEC-MALLS-RID), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. NPCP-A1 was mainly comprised of Gal, along with a small amount of Ara, Rha, Man, GalA, Glc, Xyl, and GlcA, with a molar ratio of 79.48: 7.52: 5.18: 2.94: 2.47: 1.02: 0.71: 0.68. The glycosidic linkages were proposed as →4)-β-D-Gal p -(1→, β-D-Gal p -(1→, α-L-Ara f -(1→, →3)-β-D-Gal p -(1→, →4,6)-α-D-Glc p -(1→, →3,6)-β-D-Gal p -(1→, →4)-α-D-Gal p A-(1→, →2,4)-α-D-Rha p -(1→, and →4)-α-D-Man p -(1→. Congo red experiment indicated that NPCP-A1 does not form a triple helix structure and scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that the surface of NPCP-A1 is dense and flaky, with a rough and porous structure. Functionally, NPCP-A1 significantly promotes macrophage phagocytosis without cytotoxicity, and stimulates the release of nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in RAW 264.7 cells.
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Journal of Functional Foods
·
2024
·
IF 3.8
Xiling Wang,Yanan Cheng,Bing Zheng,Yi Chen,Jianhua Xie,Xiaobo Hu,Xiaoting Qin,Jiajun Song,Yue Qiu,Qiang Yu
The traditional ‘nine-steam-nine-bask’ method of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua (PCH) has been controversial due to nine-cycle requirement. This study employed in vitro digestion to investigate changes in bioactive substances, bioaccessibility, and antioxidant activity of PCH at different steam-bask times. It revealed the correlation between bioactive substances and antioxidant activity in PCH, and validated the ‘nine-steam-nine-bask’ process’s efficacy. In undigested samples, total phenol content (TPC), reducing sugar content (RSC), and DPPH and ABTS activities increased with more cycles, peaking in the nine-cycle sample at 7.627 mg GAE/g DW, 465.333 mg GE/g DW, 17.698, and 36.986 μmol VCE/g DW. Similar trends were observed throughout digestion. Total sugar (755.96 mg GE/g DW) and total saponin content (1.35 mg DE/g DW) plateaued during gastrointestinal digestion. Correlation analysis further revealed close relationships between bioactive substances and antioxidant activity. Multivariate statistical analysis confirmed that nine cycles maximized the distinction between steam-bask and non-steam-bask PCH.
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Food Frontiers
·
2025
·
IF 6.9
Xiaole Zhao,Bing Zheng,Tianxiang Ao,Jianhua Xie,Yi Chen,Hesham El-Seedi,Hairong Huang,Baoting Liu,Qiang Yu
Polygonatum cyrtonema polysaccharide (PCP-80%) is one of the major active ingredients in Polygonatum cyrtonema . By establishing the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rat model and applying multi-omics analysis, the present study aimed to explore the potential mechanism of PCP-80% to alleviate T2DM in terms of the interactions between intestinal microbiota and their metabolites. The results suggested that PCP-80% effectively improve the blood glucose and lipids levels, enhance intestinal barrier function. In addition, PCP-80% restored gut microbiota disorders, increased the secretion of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and enhanced bile acid (BA)-converting enzyme-rich microbiota abundance. Furthermore, PCP-80% intervention significantly ameliorated BA dysmetabolism while enhancing metabolic homeostasis in T2DM rats. These changes activated the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR), triggering fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15) secretion to ameliorate T2DM-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction and glucose/lipid dysregulation. Mechanistically, PCP-80% exerted therapeutic effects through a microbiota-bile acid crosstalk axis, wherein gut microbiota remodeling enhanced bile acid metabolism and amplified TGR5/FXR-FGF15 signaling, ultimately restoring metabolic homeostasis in T2DM rats.
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