RSC Advances
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 39
·28976-28983
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IF 3.9
Junqi Feng,Yanyan Zheng,Tao Luo,Fengna Xi,Hao Lai
The development of simple, rapid, and sensitive methods for detecting pesticide in environmental and food samples holds significant importance. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensing platforms with high resistance to interference and contamination, and reduced consumption of ECL emitters, are highly desirable for such applications. In this work, we present an ECL sensing platform based on a graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (CNNS) supported vertically ordered mesoporous silica film (VMSF) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the highly sensitive detection of the environmental pollutant 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) and the broad-spectrum insecticide prochloraz. Two-dimensional (2D) CNNS were synthesized by exfoliating bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) using concentrated sulfuric acid, serving as a novel conductive and adhesive layer for the growth of a stable VMSF on GCE via an electrochemical assistance self-assembly (EASA) method to prepare VMSF/CNNS/GCE. The electrostatic enrichment capability of VMSF nanochannels for the positively charged ECL emitter tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+) realized stable and significantly enhanced ECL signals at a low concentration of Ru(bpy)32+ (10 μM). Based on the quenching effect of TCP on the ECL signal of Ru(bpy)32+, highly sensitive ECL detection of TCP was achieved by the VMSF/CNNS/GCE with a linear range from 10 nM to 0.7 mM and a low detection limit (DL) of 2.2 nM. As the metabolic end product of prochloraz is TCP, indirect ECL detection of prochloraz was also accomplished by measuring the produced TCP. Combined with anti-fouling and anti-interference abilities, as well as signal amplification of VMSF, the developed VMSF/CNNS/GCE sensor enabled the sensitive ECL detection of TCP in pond water and prochloraz in orange peel extract.
研究领域:
环境科学
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分析化学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 4.2
Fuxin Li,Jingxian Ye,Jianjun Hao,Zexiao Liu,Dongyin Yi,Gaoming Zhang,Xinyu Luo,Yang Bi
BACKGROUND Prochloraz (Pro) is a broad-spectrum fungicide that is effective against various plant pathogens, including Colletotrichum fructicola , the causal agent of strawberry anthracnose. However, its limited absorption restricts its effectiveness. In this study, zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) was utilized as a nanocarrier and combined with the fungicide prochloraz (Pro) to develop an effective delivery system (Pro@ZIF-8), improving the fungicidal activity of prochloraz. RESULTS Characterization confirmed that Pro@ZIF-8 possesses a distinct dodecahedral crystal structure with an average particle size of 139.6 nm. The system exhibited pH-sensitive release, with 89.8% of the prochloraz released within 24 h at pH 5.0, while remaining stable at pH 7.4. Antifungal assays demonstrated that Pro@ZIF-8 had an EC 50 of 0.0150 mg L −1 against C. fructicola , which was significantly lower than that of free prochloraz (0.0429 mg L −1 ). Pro@ZIF-8 effectively delayed disease lesion development on strawberry leaves and fruits inoculated with C. fructicola . Under storage conditions, Pro@ZIF-8 prevented pathogen infection and kept the fruit fresh for an extended period. Additionally, by tracking fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled ZIF-8 after foliar and root applications, it was confirmed that it was systemically transported within strawberry plants. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the potential of Pro@ZIF-8 as a smart fungicide delivery system, offering a promising strategy for improving disease management in strawberries. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.
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PubMed
高影响因子
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 7
Yuwei Luo,Xin Chen,Jin Xin Che,Yonghua Zhang,Qiuli Ouyang,Nengguo Tao
Blue mold caused by Penicillium italicum is one of the most devastating postharvest diseases in Citrus fruit. This work aims to determine the antifungal potential of ( E )-2-octenal, a component of plant essential oil, on the mycelial growth and disease incidence of a prochloraz-resistant strain of P. italicum isolated from an orchard in Luxi, Hunan Province, China. An in vitro assay revealed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of ( E )-2-octenal were 0.25 and 0.50 mL L −1 , respectively. An in vivo assay showed that wax + 4 × MFC ( E )-2-octenal treatment could reduce the blue mold incidence in Ponkan fruit inoculated with P. italicum without impairing fruit quality. Scanning electron microscopy analysis illustrated that the mycelia of P. italicum were anomalously twisted and shrunken upon treatment with ( E )-2-octenal. The primary antifungal targets were attributed to the cell membrane instead of the cell wall based on propidium iodide and calcofluor white staining results. In addition, ( E )-2-octenal induced massive accumulation of reactive oxygen species in hyphae in a dose-dependent manner, leading to oxidative stress and dysfunction of energy and respiration metabolism. At the same time, the activities of phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK) were decreased in ( E )-2-octenal-treated samples. Taken together, our present study suggested that ( E )-2-octenal could exert its antifungal activity against P. italicum by damaging the function of mitochondria and may be a potential antifungal substance for an alternative to chemical fungicides.
研究领域:
植物科学
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微生物学
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食品科学
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植物病理学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
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2023
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IF 9.5
Junwei Yao,Heng Zhi,Qingshan Shi,Yu Zhang,Jin Feng,Jingxia Liu,Hui Huang,Xiaobao Xie
With the poorly soluble and intrinsically unstable feature, prochloraz (Pro) was confronted with lower bioavailability in the crop defense against fungal erosion. Therefore, it was a challenging project to explore the innovative antifungal compound delivery system for improving bioavailability. The superior adhesive fungicide formulation was supposed to be an efficient pathway to enhance transmembrane permeability and biological activity. According to abundant phenolic hydroxyl groups, tannic acid (TA) was an ideal modified adhesive biomaterial to improve interfacial interactions. The fundamental purpose of this research was focused on the synergistic mechanism of TA-interfacial-modified Pro-ethyl cellulose (EC) nanoparticles for improving bioavailability and biosafety. In the stability test, TA-modified Pro-EC nanoparticles had the capacity to reduce Pro initial release burst, extending a persistent validity and improving anti-photodegradation property. The toxicity index of Pro-EC and Pro-EC-TA was approximately 2.93-fold and 4.96-fold that of Pro technical against Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum), respectively. Compared with nonmodified EC nanoparticles, TA-modified EC nanoparticles obtained eminent transmembrane permeability and superior adherence ability to F. graminearum, for hydroxyl and carboxyl groups of TA to enhance interaction with target cell membranes. The contents of cellular reactive oxygen species induced by Pro-EC and Pro-EC-TA nanoparticles were about 2.31 times and 3.00 times that of the control check (CK), respectively. Compared to the CK group, the membrane potential and ergosterol values of F. graminearum treated with Pro-EC-TA nanoparticles were drastically reduced by 74.91 and 56.20%, respectively. In the biosafety assay, the maximum half-lethal concentration value of the TA-modified Pro-EC nanoparticles indicated that the acute toxicity of the Pro-EC-TA nanoparticles to adult zebrafish was approximately 8.34-fold reduced compared to that of the Pro technical. These findings demonstrated that the successful interfacial modification of Pro-EC nanoparticles with TA was a highly efficient, environmentally safe, and promising alternative for sustainable agricultural application, thus making the fungicide formulation process more simplified, easier fabrication, and lower cost.
研究领域:
农业科学
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药剂学
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纳米技术
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微生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
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2025
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IF 2.5
Qianyu Cai,Yucheng Chen,Ting Wang,Qiongmei Mai,Jianglong Hu,Yunyou Lv,Yanhui Zhou,Jie Liu
The advancement of stimulus-responsive pesticide delivery systems offers a pivotal strategy for reconciling agricultural productivity with ecological sustainability. This study engineers a cellulose-functionalized vaterite calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoplatform (Pro@CaCO3@HPC, PCH) endowed with pH/cellulase dual-responsive intelligence for targeted prochloraz delivery. The hierarchically porous vaterite architecture facilitates superior drug loading (12.4%, w/w), while demonstrating environmentally triggered release kinetics. Controlled liberation studies reveal 2.37-fold and 2.13-fold cumulative release enhancements under acidic conditions and cellulase exposure, respectively, compared to neutral environments—a response mechanism strategically aligned with the pathophysiological microenvironment of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection. The multifunctional nanoformulation exhibits threefold advantages: (1) enhanced antifungal performance, achieving 96.1% mycelial inhibition at 1 µg mL−1 compared to conventional formulations (72.7%); (2) reduced environmental footprint through 27.7% decreased soil mobility relative to free prochloraz; (3) improved biosafety profiles, maintaining crop germination rates 13.3% higher than commercial formulations while demonstrating attenuated cytotoxicity. This phytopathology-activated delivery system establishes a technological paradigm that synchronizes three critical agricultural requirements: pathogen-responsive precision, environmental persistence mitigation, and non-target organism protection. Therefore, this study provides an environmentally friendly, intelligent and efficient strategy, which shows great potential in the field of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum control.
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
·
IF 13.2
Min Hu,Yu Zhang,Yan Zhang,Meng Wang,Shanying Zhang,Jin Zhang,Congying Xu,Xiaoyu Liang
Pesticides are essential for controlling plant diseases and pests in modern agriculture, yet traditional formulations often suffer from poor adhesion, rapid UV degradation, and loss due to rainwater runoff. This study introduces Pro@TA-Cu 2+ -Pal, a novel pH-responsive release system designed to enhance the performance of prochloraz, a widely used fungicide. By integrating tannic acid and copper ions onto palygorskite, this nanocarrier with metal–phenolic networks improves prochloraz wettability and adhesion on leaf surfaces while significantly enhancing UV stability and rainfastness. Under UV exposure, Pro@TA-Cu 2+ -Pal showed a 3.9-fold lower degradation rate than the commercial emulsion-in-water formulation (Pro EW). In simulated rain tests, Pro@TA-Cu 2+ -Pal exhibited superior rain-fastness, retaining >80 % of the applied fungicide on leaf surfaces, whereas Pro EW showed a marked reduction in retention. Pot trials showed that Pro@TA-Cu 2+ -Pal provided excellent control against wheat powdery mildew, outperforming Pro EW in both protective and curative treatments, with more effective and sustained disease control. Importantly, Pro@TA-Cu 2+ -Pal proved safe with no phytotoxicity observed in the crop. These findings highlight the potential of Pro@TA-Cu 2+ -Pal as an economical, eco-friendly, and sustainable solution for improving pesticide efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and supporting long-term crop protection.
研究领域:
农业化学
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纳米技术
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农药科学
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环境科学
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植物病理学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2020
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IF 9.038
Yanhua Wang,Cuiyuan Jin,Dou Wang,Jiajie Zhou,Guiling Yang,Kan Shao,Qiang Wang,Yuanxiang Jin
Chlorothalonil (CHL) and procymidone (PRO) are fungicides that exhibit low toxicity and are widely used in many countries. And both fungicides are frequently detected in the food chain. However, the health risk posed by these fungicides is still unclear. Here, 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were orally treated with CHL (10, 50 mg/kg/day), PRO (20, 100 mg/kg/day) and CHL+PRO (5+10, 25+50 mg/kg/day) by dietary supplementation for 10 weeks. Hepatic pathological analysis showed that exposure to CHL, PRO and CHL+PRO could cause liver injury. The glucose, triglyceride (TG) levels and the related gene expression to glucolipid metabolism changed significantly. The significantly reduced acylcarnitine levels demonstrated that CHL, PRO and CHL+PRO exposure inhibited fatty acids (FAs) β-oxidation. In addition, CHL and PRO altered the structure of the gut microbiota and destroyed the integrity of the intestinal barrier function. In particular, AF12 , Odoribacter , Prevotella and Lactobacillus were highly correlated with carnitine . The results showed that CHL, PRO and CHL+PRO exposure might inhibit FAs β-oxidation by decreasing cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-mediated ion transport, indicating that these fungicides disturbed intestinal barrier function associated with glucolipid metabolism disorder. Here, the data also indicated that there was an additive effect between CHL and PRO in mice.
研究领域:
毒理学
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营养学
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微生物学
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代谢学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2020
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IF 9.038
Guiling Yang,Yanhua Wang,Jian Li,Dou Wang,Zhiwei Bao,Qiang Wang,Yuanxiang Jin
Chlorothalonil (CTL), carbendazim (CBZ), and prochloraz (PCZ) are fungicides widely used in many countries. The use of these fungicides raises concerns because they are often applied together or used in the same agricultural area. However, the toxicity of these fungicides or mixtures, especially to aquatic organisms, has received limited attention. Here, embryonic and larval zebrafish were exposed to indicated concentrations of CTL, CBZ, and PCZ and their binary (CTL+CBZ, CTL+PCZ and CBZ+PCZ) and ternary (CTL+CBZ+PCZ) mixtures for 24 h. Based on metabolomics analysis, we observed that hundreds of metabolites were altered, and glycolysis metabolism and amino acid metabolism were the two most affected pathways. Interestingly, a total of 9 and 26 metabolites changed significantly in embryos and larvae treated with all fungicides, respectively. Among these altered metabolites, 2-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) levels increased significantly in all groups, indicating that 2-AAA potentially represents a useful biomarker for evaluating the toxicity of fungicides. Furthermore, the joint effects of CTL+PCZ on embryos and larvae, especially on amino acid metabolism, were weaker than those in other groups, but combined treatment did not influence individual fungicidal activity. Data acquired from metabolomics provided important insight for understanding the mechanism by which fungicides or their mixtures affect zebrafish.
研究领域:
环境科学
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毒理学
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水生生物学
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代谢组学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2023
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IF 13.6
Qianwei Lin,Yuanwei Huang,Gangfeng Li,Zisheng Luo,Lei Wang,Dong Li,Yizhou Xiang,Lingling Liu,Zhaojun Ban,Li Li
Prochloraz (PTIC) is a hazardous fungicide used worldwide on agricultural produce despite concerns about potential impacts on human health and environmental pollution . The residue of PTIC and its metabolite 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) in fresh produce has largely not been clarified. Herein, we address this research gap by examining residues of PTIC and 2,4,6-TCP in fruit of Citrus sinensis through a typical storage period. PTIC residue in the exocarp and mesocarp peaked on days 7 and 14, respectively, while 2,4,6-TCP residue gradually increased throughout storage period. Based upon gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and RNA-sequencing analysis, we reported the potential impact of residual PTIC on endogenous terpene production, and identified 11 DEGs encoding enzymes involved in terpene biosynthesis in Citrus sinensis . Additionally, we investigated both the reduction efficacy (max: 58.93%) of plasma-activated water in citrus exocarp and the minimal impact on quality attributes of citrus mesocarp. The present study not only sheds light on the residual distribution of PTIC and its impact on endogenous metabolism in Citrus sinensis , but also further provides theoretical basis for potential approaches for efficiently reducing or eliminating pesticide residues .
研究领域:
农业科学
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植物生理学
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环境科学
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分子生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
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2026
·
IF 3.9
Wang Chunjing,Liu Xingyu,Chen Xiumei,Che Jinxin,Tao Nengguo,Pan Fei
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the antifungal activity of chain aldehydes with potent antifungal properties against Penicillium italicum ( P. italicum ) resistant to prochloraz. The results showed that trans,trans -2,4-nonadienal and trans,trans -2,4-octadienal possessed the strong antifungal activity with MIC values of 0.10 μL/mL for both compounds. Density functional theory (DFT) revealed that compounds with highly delocalized electron systems exhibited significantly stronger antifungal potency. Machine learning (ML) techniques were used to build regression models for identifying the influential structure features of aldehydes, and the random forest (RF) model had lower error levels. We can conclude that the DFT coupled with ML is a reliable, fast and inexpensive tool for solving problems related to the structure properties and antifungal activity. The strategy can be extended to find safe and effective novel inhibitors of P. italicum resistant to prochloraz for the development of green inhibitors of postharvest diseases in fruits and vegetables.
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DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2023
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IF 5.8
Zhang Shuwen,Luo Ting,Weng You,Wang Dou,Sun Li,Yu Zheping,Zhao Yao,Liang Senmiao,Ren Haiying,Zheng Xiliang,Jin Yuanxiang,Qi Xingjiang
Carbendazim (CBZ) and prochloraz (PCZ) are broad-spectrum fungicides used in agricultural peat control. Both fungicides leave large amounts of residues in fruits and are toxic to non-target organisms. However, the combined toxicity of the fungicides to non-target organisms is still unknown. Therefore, we characterized the toxic effects of dietary supplementation with CBZ, PCZ, and their combination for 90 days in 6-week-old male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. CBZ-H (100 mg/kg day), PCZ-H (10 mg/kg day), and their combination treatments increased the relative liver weights and caused liver injury. The serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), glucose (Glu), pyruvate (PYR), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were reduced, and synergistic toxicity was observed. Hepatic transcriptome revealed that 326 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of liver were observed in the CBZ treatment group, 149 DEGs in the PCZ treatment group, and 272 DEGs in the combination treatment group. According to KEGG enrichment analysis, the fungicides and their combination affected lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and ferroptosis. In addition, the relative mRNA levels of key genes involved in lipid metabolism were also examined. Compared with individual exposure, combined exposure to CBZ and PCZ caused a more obvious decrease in the expression of some genes related to glycolipid metabolism. Furthermore, the relative mRNA levels of some key genes in the combination treatment group were lower than those in the CBZ and PCZ treated groups. In summary, CBZ, PCZ, and their combination generally caused hepatotoxicity and glycolipid metabolism disorders, which could provide new insights for investigating the combined toxicity of multiple fungicides to animals.
研究领域:
毒理学
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分子生物学
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2019
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IF 4.527
Guangyang Liu,Lingyun Li,Yuhang Gao,Mingkun Gao,Xiaodong Huang,Jun Lv,Donghui Xu
A β-cyclodextrin-functionalized magnetic zinc-metal organic framework (M-MOF/β-CD) was synthesized via a facile one-pot reaction. M-MOF/β-CD was used as a magnetic porous absorbent for the extraction and determination of prochloraz and three triazole fungicides in vegetable samples. M-MOF/β-CD was prepared by creating MOF layers on the surface of a Fe 3 O 4 –graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite and bonding them with β-CD molecules. Characterization suggested that a 3D porous structure was formed, with M-MOF/β-CD exhibiting high superparamagnetism and a large surface area. As a new strategy, integrating MOFs with Fe 3 O 4 –GO could improve their water-resistance and mechanical strength by providing a rigid nanosupport interface. Combining M-MOF and β-CD resulted in excellent selective adsorption capacities for prochloraz and three triazole fungicides. The static adsorption process was evaluated and the results were in good agreement with the Freundlich model. Subsequently, M-MOF/β-CD was applied to extracting prochloraz and triazole fungicides from tomato and lettuce vegetables, followed by HPLC-MS/MS determination. The limits of detection for the above fungicides were found to be 0.25–1.0 μg/L at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, with spiked recoveries of 74.13%–119.83%, indicating that M-MOF/β-CD was promising for application to the extraction and determination of fungicides in complex matrices.
研究领域:
食品科学
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分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）