CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
·
IF 13.2
Chen Li,Leilei Liang,Baoshan Zhang,Yi Yang,Guangbin Ji
The increasing sophistication of modern detection technology requires urgent solutions to the inherent conflict between radar and infrared (IR) stealth mechanisms, further complicated by the difficulties of integrating materials across diverse wavelengths. Here, a synergistic customization of interfacial engineering MXene-integrated aerogel has been developed, featuring a directional regulation of magnetic and dielectric properties. This innovative design incorporates medium-entropy alloy FeCoNi nanoparticles tightly anchored on the surface of a 3D MXene-based skeleton, creating multiple heterogeneous interfaces. The customized strategy leverages the alterations in the magnetic and dielectric components that significantly influence permeability and permittivity to enhance microwave absorption (MA) through magneto-electric synergy. The low emissivity of MXene, combined with the porosity of the aerogel, endows the material with exceptional IR camouflage capabilities. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the FCM aerogel exhibits an excellent absorption bandwidth (EAB = 5.44 GHz) and low-frequency absorption (−27.29 dB at 2.84 GHz), along with reduced radar cross section signals (RCS max = −24.78 dB·m 2 ). Furthermore, the aerogel offers impressive thermal insulation (ΔT = 80 °C), IR emissivity (0.38), and multifunctionality (lightness, compressibility, hydrophobicity, and flame retardancy). This work provides a strategy for developing adaptable radar-IR compatible camouflage design for complex environments.
研究领域:
材料科学
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纳米技术
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电磁兼容性
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航空航天工程
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隐身技术
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高影响因子
Forests
·
2021
·Vol. 12
·期 4
·492
·
IF 2.634
Brunela Pollastrelli Rodrigues,Christopher Adam Senalik,Xi Wu,James Wacker
This paper is a review of published studies involving the use of ground penetrating radar (GPR) on wood structures. It also contains background information to help the reader understand how GPR functions. The use of GPR on wood structures began to grow in popularity at the turn of the millennium. GPR has many characteristics that make it attractive as an inspection tool for wood: it is faster than many acoustic and stress wave techniques; it does not require the use of a couplant; while it can also detect the presence of moisture. Moisture detection is of prime concern, and several researchers have labored to measure internal moisture using GPR. While there have been several laboratory studies involving the use of GPR on wood, its use as an inspection tool on large wood structures has been limited. This review identified knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to improve the efficacy of GPR as a reliable inspection tool of wood structure. Chief among these gaps, is the ability to distinguish the type of internal feature from the GPR output and the ability to identify internal decay.
研究领域:
土木工程
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无损检测
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结构健康监测
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
·
IF 12.5
Xiaoqing Yin,Nan Pang,Yanyan Wang,Yanxiao Dong,Meijie Yu
The FGAC aerogel achieve a compressive strength of 133.65 kPa at 90% strain under a density of 9.84 mg cm −3 • The aerogel also demonstrates outstanding thermal insulation performance with a low thermal conductivity of 25.9 mW m −1 K −1 . • FGAC aerogel has a low RL min of −57.39 dB at 3.9 mm and an EAB of 7.40 GHz. • The FGAC aerogel is compressible and resilient even in liquid nitrogen and under flame conditions. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and its derived composite aerogels have attracted considerable attention in the field of electromagnetic protection. Nevertheless, the integration of multiple functionalities into a single aerogel system remains a substantial challenge. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) porous ANFs/rGO/AgNWs/Co@NC aerogel was fabricated via bidirectional freeze-casting followed by thermal reduction. Benefiting from the synergistic interplay of a 3D supporting network, magnetic and conductive components, heterogeneous interfaces, and multiple loss mechanisms, the resulting aerogel exhibits excellent compressive resilience, achieving a compressive strength of 133.65 kPa at 90% strain under a density of 9.84 mg cm −3 , alongside a thermal conductivity as low as 25.9 mW m −1 K −1 . Moreover, it demonstrates outstanding electromagnetic wave (EMW) attenuation, delivering a deeper minimum reflection loss (RL min ) of −57.59 dB at 3.9 mm and though with a slightly narrowed effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.40 GHz. The combination of superior radar-infrared stealth capabilities, robust mechanical performance, and a wide service temperature range (from −196 to 350 °C) positions the FGAC aerogel as a highly promising candidate for diverse applications in harsh environments.
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING
·
2025
·
IF 8.6
Lilong Zou,Xuan Feng,Hai Liu,Amir M. Alani,Cai Liu
Forests are vital components of the ecosystem of the Earth, regulating climate, conserving soil and water, and fostering biodiversity. Sustainable forest management offers crucial long-term benefits, but challenges such as disease threaten tree health. Disease-infected trees in both forests and urban areas pose risks to safety, property, and culture, leading to economic losses. Traditional inspection methods, such as resistance drilling, are invasive and laborious, while nondestructive techniques such as ground penetrating radar (GPR), offer promising alternatives. Although GPR shows potential, complexities such as tree structure and electromagnetic properties hinder accurate disease detection. In order to address these challenges, a new approach integrates structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry with GPR measurement, and a novel holographic radar tomography processing approach has been proposed in this article. These methodologies accurately reconstruct tree trunks in 3-D, enabling precise GPR positioning and the obtaining of trunk permittivity. An arc-shaped Kirchhoff migration algorithm, moreover, helps mitigate irregular trunk shapes, enhancing data accuracy. The proposed framework demonstrates efficacy in real-tree measurement, offering high-precision disease monitoring. This innovation not only aids in preserving biodiversity but also enhances ecosystem services by promoting sustainable forest management. Effective disease monitoring ensures timely intervention, safeguarding valuable old trees and ecosystems while minimizing economic and cultural losses.
研究领域:
林业
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遥感
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无损检测
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环境监测
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地球物理学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2025
·
IF 6.3
Longfei An,Yan Shan,Congmin Yang,Kezheng Chen,Xuegang Yu
In modern detection technology, the integration of lidar and microwave radar significantly increases the risk of exposure for high-value military equipment. Developing materials with multi-band stealth compatibility is a critical countermeasure to mitigate detection risks. In this study, a brownish-yellow samarium iron oxide material compatible with both 1.06 μm laser stealth and radar stealth was synthesized using the co-precipitation method, whose properties can be tuned by varying the raw material ratios. When the samarium-to-iron (Sm:Fe) ratio was 3:7, the primary crystalline phase was Sm 3 Fe 5 O 12 . Conversely, at Sm:Fe ratios of 1:1, the primary crystalline phase shifted to perovskite-type SmFeO 3 . Notably, Sm 3 Fe 5 O 12 material, prepared with a samarium-to-iron molar ratio of 3:7 and sintered at 800°C, demonstrated a reflectivity of 29.6 % at 1064 nm and excellent microwave absorption performance at 14.64 GHz, achieving a minimum reflection loss (RL min ) of −24.56 dB at a thickness of 4 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth of 1.36 GHz (13.76–15.12 GHz). This study provides a simple method for synthesizing brownish – yellow magnetic samarium iron oxide, which shows wide application in laser stealth, radar stealth and visual camouflage in plateau desert environments.
研究领域:
材料科学
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光学工程
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电磁学
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DOI
高影响因子
Materials Horizons
·
2025
·
IF 10.7
Shuo Zhang,Fushuo Wu,Feiyue Hu,Peiying Hu,Miaoping Li,Peng Zeng,Peigen Zhang,Tianyu Wang,Shuangshuang Chen,Jian Liu,Longzhu Cai,Zhengming Sun
Radar/infrared-compatible stealth materials enhance survivability by reducing the radar cross-section and suppressing infrared signatures. However, the significant differences in frequency characteristics across electromagnetic wavebands present challenges in optimizing cross-band electromagnetic response. To address this issue, we propose a cross-dimensional integration strategy. Zero-dimensional (0D) SiO2 aerogel particles with low thermal conductivity act as infrared radiation modulation component and two-dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx MXene nanosheets with high electronic conductivity function as the electromagnetic wave-responsive component; the 0D and 2D functional components are directionally anchored onto one-dimensional (1D) Kevlar nanofiber (KNF) surfaces through hydrogen bonding, cooperatively constructing a monolithic interconnected network structure. The as-designed MXene/SiO2/KNF aerogel (MSKA) has a bionic-inspired “root-soil” structure, which effectively reduces infrared radiation intensity through multiple scattering effects and enhances electromagnetic wave attenuation by optimizing spatial impedance matching and introducing multiple loss mechanisms. The MSKA exhibits excellent microwave absorption, achieving a minimum reflection loss of -64.69 dB at a thickness of 1.83 mm, with an effective absorption bandwidth (RL < -10 dB) covering 7.2 GHz; thermal testing reveals a surface temperature difference of 123.1 °C under a 175 °C heat source, indicating a significant reduction in infrared radiation intensity. This assembly strategy, enabling independent regulation of electromagnetic loss and thermal conduction through multidimensional integration, provides new insights for developing lightweight, high-performance, and multispectral stealth materials.
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PubMed
高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 6.9
Xin Yang,Hong Wang,Tong Zhu,Xiao Su,Zequn Lin,Liang Xiao,Pingan Liu,Qianqian Yu,LinGe Wang
Electromagnetic wave absorption materials have significant application value in modern electronic devices, communication systems, and aerospace fields. With the continuous advancement of technology, the demand for materials with efficient wave absorption performance and wide bandwidth is steadily increasing. This study focuses on heterostructure design and multi-component strategies, which have been proven to effectively enhance the material’s reflection loss and absorption bandwidth. By employing electrostatic self-assembly and hydrazine reduction techniques, silver (Ag) nanoparticles were successfully anchored onto reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene (MR) hybrids. The MXene/RGO/Ag (MRAg) hybrid, with only a 20 wt% filler content, exhibits outstanding wave absorption performance, with a minimal reflection loss (RLmin) of −47.28 dB (2.2 mm, 8.0 GHz) and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 8.08 GHz (2.2 mm), achieving an absorption rate of 99.998 %. The excellent wave absorption performance arises from multiple mechanisms, including polarization effects, impedance matching, conductive losses, quarter-wavelength effects, multiple reflections, metamaterial characteristics, quasi-antenna effects, and magnetic losses. Notably, the radar cross-section (RCS) of the MRAg composite material achieves a maximum reduction of 35.6 dB ∙ m 2 , indicating excellent radar stealth performance. Additionally, MRAg demonstrates excellent antibacterial and adsorption-purification properties. The study of MRAg wave absorbents provides valuable theoretical and practical contributions to fields such as radar stealth, satellite communication, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, while also offering new insights for the development of multifunctional wave absorbents.
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Zicheng Zhang,Qiye Wang,Zifan Li,Zhe Zhou,Xinyi Xie,Hongchao Sun,Chen Chen,Min Wang,Xuemei Dong,Yueyue Wu,Zixi He,Bin Liu,Xinkai Qian,Junyue Li,Li Wang,Fei Xiu,Juqing Liu,Wei Huang
Camouflage technology could enhance the safety and security of desirable targets by concealing their signatures from the microwave, vision, infrared detection methods. However, conventional single-band camouflage fails to align with the current trends toward multi-band compatibility and intelligent adaptation. Here a bioskin-inspired multifrequency camouflaging system, including an artificial multispectral camouflage skin and an adaptive processing unit, was designed to simultaneously achieve infrared, radar, and adaptive visual stealth. This skin adopts a vertically stacked structure and utilizes a square patterned indium tin oxide for infrared stealth, a sector-box nesting silver nanowire-graphene (AgGr) metasurface for radar stealth, and a light-controlled AgGr heater to drive thermochromic displays for visible stealth. The system achieves multiband compatible properties with ultralow infrared emissivity of 0.24, high and broad microwave absorption in the 10 GHz-37.5 GHz region, and highly self-adaptive discoloration in response to background-color changes. Our work provides a reliable all-in-one design in flexible smart optoelectronics for future camouflage skin.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学工程
·
仿生学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2021
·
IF 8.128
Mingtao Qiao,Yurui Tian,Jiaxin Li,Xiaowei He,Xingfeng Lei,Qiuyu Zhang,Mingliang Ma,Xiaorong Meng
Multiband-compatible stealth materials play an increasingly crucial role in the field of modern military defence because they can enable the targeted objects to dodge advance detection technologies. In this study, chain-like Fe 3 O 4 @poly(ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate- co -methacrylic acid) nanocomposites were constructed as precursors through the magnetic field-induced distillation precipitation polymerisation. Then, the liquid-phase seed-mediated growth method, together with subsequent calcination , was applied to introduce SnO 2 shells and remove poly(ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate- co -methacrylic acid) shells, which led to the successful preparation of innovative core–shell Fe 3 O 4 @SnO 2 nanochains. The unique microstructure and appropriate components endowed nanochains with multiple functional applications. The minimum reflection loss value was approximately −39.4 dB (5.67 GHz), exhibiting excellent microwave absorption performance. The possible microwave absorption mechanisms involve interfacial polarisation, space charge polarisation, natural resonance, and multiple reflections and scatterings. The optimal infrared reflectivity reached 0.64, 0.51, and 0.37 in three atmospheric windows, indicating outstanding infrared stealth performance, which was attributed to the intense infrared reflection of SnO 2 shells. Furthermore, three nanochains showed different colours (dark green, brick red, and bright orange), revealing selection absorption for visible light . This can be attributed to the combined effect of visible responses of SnO 2 shells along with Bragg diffraction from the periodic arrangement of Fe 3 O 4 particles in a single nanochain. Thus, core-shell Fe 3 O 4 @SnO 2 nanochains can be considered as promising radar-infrared-visible compatible stealth materials. This discovery opens a new means to exploit multiband-compatible stealth materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
国防科技
·
纳米技术
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CARBON
·
2026
·
IF 12.7
Danqiang Huang,Xiangyun Zhang,Xianfei Xie,Yile Dai,Qing Wang,Jianfeng Dai,Zizhou Yuan
CoS/C nanofibers were constructed via MOF-template-assisted interfacial engineering. • Rich CoS/C interfaces and defect sites enable strong broadband microwave attenuation. • Gradient periodic structures further regulate multiband absorption and RCS reduction. Developing fibrous microwave absorbers with balanced electromagnetic attenuation, broad effective absorption bandwidth, and radar-scattering suppression capability is important for electromagnetic protection and stealth-related applications. Herein, CoS/C composite nanofibers were fabricated through electrospinning, surface-confined Co-MOF growth, carbonization, and subsequent sulfidation. The obtained one-dimensional composites consist of a PAN-derived conductive carbon framework decorated with CoS nanoparticles, producing CoS/C heterointerfaces and N/O/S-associated defect sites. By regulating the cobalt precursor content, the dielectric response and impedance matching of the composites were effectively tuned. The optimized CSN-6 sample achieves a minimum reflection loss of −61.33 dB at a thickness of 2.27 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.32 GHz at 2.31 mm, indicating a favorable balance between dielectric attenuation and impedance matching. Electromagnetic-parameter analysis suggests that the enhanced absorption mainly originates from conduction loss in the interconnected carbon-fiber network, CoS/C interfacial polarization, heteroatom/defect-induced dipolar relaxation, and possible multiple reflection/scattering within the fibrous architecture. CST simulations based on the measured electromagnetic parameters further show that the CSN-6-based absorber achieves a maximum simulated radar cross-section reduction of 17.53 dB relative to a perfect electric conductor at 14.56 GHz. Moreover, a simulation-guided gradient periodic unit cell was proposed as a proof-of-concept structural design, generating multiple absorption responses at 2.57, 7.56, and 13.47 GHz. This work provides an interface-regulation and structure-simulation strategy for developing dielectric-loss-dominated CoS/C fibrous microwave absorbers. Download: Download high-res image (390KB) Download: Download full-size image
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Yan Wang,Linjiao Wan,Yubing Hu,Wei Jiang,Yanan Zhang
This study presents a novel electromagnetic wave absorber with exceptional ultra-broadband performance, fabricated by in-situ coating flocculent polyaniline onto flake BaFe 12 O 19 (BaM). The optimally synthesized BaM component provides significant magnetic loss primarily through ferromagnetic resonance. Concurrently, the polyaniline coating contributes substantial dielectric loss via conduction loss, interface polarization, and dipole polarization. Critically, the composite's unique Cortaderia selloana -like hierarchical structure significantly enhances electromagnetic wave dissipation by promoting multiple scattering and prolonging the propagation path within the material. After meticulous optimization, the composite achieves an outstanding minimum reflection loss of −67.36 dB and an ultra-wide effective absorption bandwidth of 8.32 GHz at a remarkably low filler loading of only 30 wt%. Furthermore, practical radar cross-section simulations demonstrate a significant reduction of −20.55 dBm 2 , coupled with a narrowed detectable angle, confirming the composite's excellent potential for broadband radar stealth applications by making targets significantly harder to detect and identify.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电磁学
·
功能材料
·
纳米复合材料
·
雷达隐身技术
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DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2026
·
IF 7.8
Gu Weihua,Tan Xin,Liu Tao,Tao Zhe,Liu Juan,Du Wenbo,Xia Ailin
Pure carbon aerogels are constrained by insufficient electromagnetic loss mechanisms and poor compatibility between radar wave absorption and infrared stealth. Here, a heterogeneous interface engineering strategy is developed to construct ZnO/C hybrid aerogels derived from ZIF-8 and chitosan, featuring ZnO/C interfacial structures and hierarchical meso/macroporous structures. The hybrid aerogel sample, carbonized at 800 ° C (CA-Z-800), achieves optimal microwave absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss (RL min ) of –35.74 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.55 GHz at a matching thickness of only 1.5 mm. Simultaneously, it maintains effective infrared stealth performance with a low thermal conductivity of 0.151 W/(m·K), a surface temperature rise of only ∼4 ° C, and infrared emissivity of 0.654 (3–5 μm) and 0.638 (8–14 μm). Notably, although increasing carbonization temperature to 900 ° C further reduces emissivity to 0.601 and 0.595, it severely degrades impedance matching, leading to a much weaker reflection loss (–13.53 dB) and a narrower effective bandwidth (2.85 GHz). This trade-off reveals that CA-Z-800 represents the optimal balance for radar-infrared compatible stealth. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations elucidate charge redistribution and enhanced interfacial polarization at the ZnO/C interfacial structures, while computer simulation technology (CST) simulations confirm strong microwave attenuation. Systematic control of pyrolysis temperature and ZnO microstructure enables tuning of dielectric properties and thermal insulation. These findings demonstrate a correlation between radar absorption and infrared suppression, with CA-Z-800 achieving the optimal balance among the samples tested.
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高影响因子
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