Journal of Energetic Materials
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2019
·
IF 1.649
Teng Chen,Bingwang Gou,GaZi Hao,Han Gao,Lei Xiao,Xiang Ke,Shuangfeng Guo,Wei Jiang
1, 3, 5-trinitro-1, 3, 5-triazinane/Glycidylazide polymer (RDX/GAP) energetic nanocomposites were fabricated via a facile sol-gel method. Morphologies and structure characterization of RDX/GAP energetic nanocomposites were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). SEM images indicated the sizes of RDX particles in RDX/GAP nanocomposites were in nanoscale. FT-IR spectra of RDX/GAP nanocomposites showed the conjunct characteristics of RDX and GAP, implying RDX particles were trapped in GAP gel matrix. Raman detection revealed the crystal form of RDX maintained original α-form during sol-gel process. The thermal kinetics and thermodynamics of RDX/GAP energetic nanocomposites were investigated by differential thermal analyzer (DTA) under various heating rates (5, 10, 15, and 20°C min−1). The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the energetic nanocomposites, such as activation energy (Ea), activation enthalpy (ΔH≠), activation entropy (ΔS≠), and activation Gibbs free energy of (ΔG≠) were obtained. The activation energies of RDX/GAP nanocomposites were lower than those of raw RDX and GAP-RDX mechanical mixtures, indicating RDX/GAP nanocomposites presented high thermolysis activities. The thermodynamic parameters presented a rising trend when the contents of RDX increase. The critical temperature of thermal explosion (Tb) and the self-accelerating decomposition temperature (TSADT) based on the activation energy were also obtained.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2018
·Vol. 44
·期 3
·355-361
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IF 1.749
Jinpeng Shen,Zhitao Liu,Bin Xu,Hao Liang,Yao Zhu,Xin Liao,Zeshan Wang
Triple-base gun propellants composed of nitrocellulose (NC), triethylene glycol dinitrate (TEGDN) and cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX) with carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were studied to explore the effects of CNFs on the thermal and mechanical properties. The results indicated that CNFs with less than 0.50 wt % were evenly and randomly dispersed in the propellant, otherwise there existed obvious aggregation. Temperatures of initial decomposition and exothermic peak reduced with the increase of NCFs from 0.00 to 3.00 wt %. Decomposition enthalpy of the composites with 0.50 wt % NCFs was 1214.6 J g −1 , increased by ∼131.4 J g −1 compared to that of NC-TEGDN-RDX propellants. Moreover, the mechanical properties were effectively tailored by varying the amount of CNFs added to the composition. Decomposition enthalpy of the propellant with 0.25 wt % CNFs were hardly compromised for achieving enhancement in the compressive and impact properties, while the tensile strengths decreased slightly compared to that of the propellants.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Carbon Letters
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2019
·Vol. 30
·期 4
·425-434
·
IF 1.807
Wang Jingjing,Wang Weimin,Wang Jinghua,Xu Kangzhen
For solving phase separation of nanoparticles and graphene oxide (GO) in the application process, MgWO 4 –GO nanocomposites were successfully synthesized using three different dispersants via a facile solvothermal-assisted in situ synthesis method. The structure and morphology of the prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared and Raman techniques. The experimental results show that MgWO 4 nanoparticles are tightly anchored on the surfaces of GO sheets and the agglomeration of MgWO 4 nanoparticles is significantly weakened. Additionally, MgWO 4 –GO nanocomposites are more stable than self-assembly MgWO 4 /GO, which there is no separation of MgWO 4 nanoparticles and GO sheets by ultrasound after 10 min. The catalytic results show that, compared with bare MgWO 4 , MgWO 4 –GO nanocomposites present better catalytic activities on the thermal decomposition of cyclotetramethylenete tranitramine (HMX), cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) and ammonium perchlorate (AP). The enhanced catalytic activity is mainly attributed to the synergistic effect of MgWO 4 nanoparticles and GO. MgWO 4 –GO prepared using urea as the dispersant has the smallest diameter and possesses the best catalytic action among the three MgWO 4 –GO nanocomposites, which make the decomposition temperature of HMX, RDX and AP reduce by 10.71, 11.09 and 66.6 °C, respectively, and the apparent activation energy of RDX decrease by 68.6 kJ mol −1 .
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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催化反应
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS
·
2017
·Vol. 42
·期 11
·1252-1260
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IF 1.908
Na Sun,Zhenggang Xiao
A nanocomposite microsphere consisting of solid paraffin, nano-TiO 2 , nano-BN, zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 particles and polymethyl methacrylate was prepared and applied as a functional additive for high energy propellants (with about 23 wt % RDX) to reduce the barrel erosion and improve its combustion performance as well. High energy propellants modified with the nanocomposite were manufactured by a solvent extrusion technique. According to the scanning electron microscope and differential scanning calorimetry results, there exists a good compatibility between the nanocomposite and propellant matrix. The energy and combustion performance as well as erosion of the modified propellants were studied by a closed bomb test and an erosion tube device, respectively. Results showed that compared with the unmodified propellant, both the erosion and energy performance of modified high energy propellant gradually decreased with the increase of nanocomposites contents. When the content of nanocomposites was 5.1 %, the erosion mass of the modified propellant reduced to 37.0 % while the propellant force only decreased 5.7 %, indicating that the nanocomposite has enormous ability to improve gun erosion resistance while barely affect energy performance of propellant. Furthermore, the closed bomb burning curves of the samples showed that addition of nanocomposites to propellant matrix could prolong the combustion time, efficiently inhibit the initial generation rate of combustion gas, and further achieve the progressive burning of the propellants.
研究领域:
材料科学
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燃烧学
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推进剂工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 9
Chao Wang,Fangbao Jiao,Shuhai Zhang,Ruijun Gou,Hongzhen Li,Yu Liu,Xin Zhou
The introduction of organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN) technology into the crystallization process of energetic materials (EMs) can enhance solvent utilization and enable precise control of supersaturation during crystallization. However, incorporating OSN technology increases the number of tunable variables in the crystallization process, complicating the optimization of process parameters. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop an efficient method for optimizing crystallization parameters based on experimental data. Herein, 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) crystals were selected as the research subject, and a method for optimizing experimental operating conditions for nanofiltration-assisted cooling crystallization (NF-CCr) was established using machine learning (ML) techniques. This method includes feature engineering, model prediction interpretation, and verification. In the feature engineering, 85 sets of high-quality experimental datasets were collected, and dimensionality reduction was performed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis to enhance the model’s trainability while preserving data variability. Four ML models were trained and optimized: Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN). The prediction yield R2 of the BPNN regression model reached 0.89, while the RF binary classification model achieved an accuracy of 91.66% for particle size and 84.72% for sphericity. The SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) method was employed to elucidate the intrinsic correlations between experimental operating conditions and product characteristics. Finally, under the experimental conditions predicted by the RF classification model, RDX crystals with high sphericity (>85%), large particle size (>100 μm), and high purity (>99%) were successfully obtained, achieving an experimental verification accuracy of 80%. This study provides a data-driven optimization solution for the development of complex crystallization processes for EMs.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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人工智能
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
·
2023
·Vol. 148
·期 10
·4255-4266
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IF 4.4
Nie Hongqi,Yang Xu-Hao,Yang Su-Lan,Fershtat Leonid,Yan Qi-Long
The nano-sized metal oxides (MOs) as combustion catalysts have been widely employed in solid rocket propellants, but the functionality of these materials is greatly restricted owing to their agglomeration. The catalytic activity of MOs on nanoscale was found to be significantly improved by the incorporation of MOs with carbon nanomaterials, which normally act as carriers allowing for well-distribution of MOs. In this paper, the CuO and Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles were produced by hydrothermal method and the CuO@C and Fe 2 O 3 @C nanocomposites with a uniform structure have been fabricated by an in-situ growth of corresponding MOs on the porous activated carbon (pAC). The morphology of the prepared MOs nanoparticles and resultant pAC carried ones were characterized using scanning electron microscope. It has been shown that the CuO and Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles are tightly adhered and dispersed on the surface of pAC. Their catalytic effects on the thermal decomposition of hexogen (RDX) were analyzed using thermal analysis techniques. Results indicate that the thermal decomposition of RDX was considerably promoted in the presence of these catalysts, where the CuO@C and Fe 2 O 3 @C were found to be capable of lowering the T p for RDX by 14.8 °C and 12.4 °C, respectively. In addition, the decomposition kinetics of RDX in the presence of these catalysts have been evaluated with the DTG and DSC experimental data, and results show that the CuO@C and Fe 2 O 3 @C were able to reduce the E a of RDX decomposition by 39.8 kJ mol −1 and 50.7 kJ mol −1 , which is suggestive of an enhanced decomposition process for RDX by addition of carbon-loaded catalysts. The TG-FTIR analysis indicates that, in the presence of CuO@C and Fe 2 O 3 @C, the gaseous products are dominated by N 2 O in RDX decomposition.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
TENSIDE SURFACTANTS DETERGENTS
·
2023
·Vol. 60
·期 3
·245-252
·
IF 1
Ying Li,Yifan Zhang,Lewu Zhan,Jing Hou,Bindong Li
The effects of different surfactants on the morphology of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX) micro-nanoparticles prepared by solvent/non-solvent method in a microfluidic reactor were investigated. Alkyl polyglycoside (APG), sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) were selected as non-solvents. The surface tension and interfacial tension (IFT) properties of SDS, APG and DTAB were investigated. Compared to DTAB and SDS, the APG could effectively reduce the interfacial tension to 10 −2 mN/m and exhibited better surface tension. The RDX prepared with different surfactants were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The results showed that the different surfactants could significantly improve the dispersion effect of RDX and the crystal morphology was uniform and stable.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Defence Technology
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2021
·
IF 3.172
En-fa Fu,Na Sun,Zheng-gang Xiao
A kind of phase change material (PCM)-based nanocomposite was prepared and added into high energy propellants containing RDX as additives to investigate its effect on thermal decomposition and burning characteristic of high energy propellants. The effect of PCM-based nanocomposites on thermal decomposition of high energy propellants is investigated by TG/DSC-FTIR-MS technology. Due to the delayed protection effect (PCM-based nanocomposites can absorb lots of heat at the range of certain temperature when it undergoes structure change or phase transitions) of PCM-based nanocomposites under the thermal decomposition condition, the thermal stability of high energy propellants modified with PCM-based nanocomposites is improved. At the same time, the concentration of N 2 , NO 2 , H 2 O and CO 2 is increased during thermal decomposition of high energy propellants whereas NO and CO is decreased. The burning gaseous products and burning characteristic of high energy propellants are studied by the combination of closed bomb test and Fourier transform infrared spectrum. The main burning gaseous products are N 2 , CO 2 , CO, H 2 O, CH 4 , etc. After the high energy propellant modified with PCM-based nanocomposites, the concentration of CH 4 is increased while CO, CO 2 and H 2 O is decreased under the high-pressure burning condition. The progressivity factor of high energy propellants is increased by 22.2% compared with the control sample while the maximum pressure is merely decreased 1.25% after the addition of the PCM-based nanocomposite, thus PCM-based nanocomposites can be used to adjust the burning process and improve the burning progressivity of high energy propellants. This study is expected to boost the practical application of PCM-based nanocomposite to the propellant formulation and effectively control the burning characteristic of high energy propellants.
研究领域:
材料科学
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燃烧与推进
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NANOTECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·Vol. 33
·期 35
·355707
·
IF 3.953
Jie Yang,Tianran Wang,Weiye Gao,Chushu Zhu,Pengxing Sha,Peitao Dong,Xuezhong Wu
This study presents a novel sandwich composite structure that was designed for the ultra-sensitive detection of cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX). Au nanorod arrays (Au NRAs) were prepared and bound to 10−7 M 6-MNA as adsorption sites for RDX, while Au nanorods (Au NRs) were modified using 10−5 M 6-MNA as SERS probes. During detection, RDX molecules connect the SERS probe to the surface of the Au NRAs, forming a novel type of Au NRAs-RDX-Au NRs 'sandwich' composite structure. The electromagnetic coupling effect between Au NRs and Au NRAs is enhanced due to the molecular level of the connection spacing, resulting in new 'hot spots'. Meanwhile, Au NRAs and Au NRs have an auto-enhancement effect on 6-MNA. In addition, the presence of charge transfer in the formed 6-MNA-RDX complex induced chemical enhancement. The limits of detection of RDX evaluated by Raman spectroscopy using 6-MNA were as low as 10−12 mg ml−1 (4.5 × 10−15 M) with good linear correlation between 10−12 and 10−8 mg ml−1 (correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9985). This novel sandwich composite structure accurately detected RDX contamination in drinking water and on plant surfaces in an environment with detection limits as low as 10−12 mg ml−1 and 10−8 mg ml−1.
研究领域:
分析化学
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环境科学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2020
·Vol. 70
·期 1
·123-134
·
IF 2.574
Xiaomu Wen,Keke Chen,Chao Sang,Shen Yuan,Yunjun Luo
Composite solid propellants demand fine and stable mechanical properties, creep resistance and stress relaxation performance during their long storage and usage time. In this study, modified hyperbranched polyester (MHBPE) was prepared and introduced into HTPE/AP/Al/RDX (HTPE, hydroxyl-terminated polyether; AP, ammonium perchlorate; RDX, cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine) solid propellant as an effective additive. The static tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of this propellant before and after the introduction of MHBPE were evaluated. The elevated interfacial interaction by using MHBPE between the binder and RDX fillers improved the toughness and elasticity of the propellant. The enhancement mechanisms were also confirmed by the influence on the fracture surface morphology of the binder which was investigated by SEM. In addition, some influence on the dynamic mechanical properties of HTPE/AP/Al/RDX propellant caused by MHBPE was investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis. The creep behaviors of the HTPE/AP/Al/RDX propellants with and without MHBPE were also investigated at different stresses and temperatures. Reduced creep strain rate and strain were obtained for the modified propellant, implying enhanced creep resistance performance. The creep properties were quantitatively evaluated using a six-element model and the long-term creep performance of the propellant was predicted using the time–temperature superposition principle. A creep behavior of nearly 10 6 s at 30 °C could be acquired in a short-term experiment (800 s) at 30–70 °C. Moreover, the stress relaxation investigation of the propellants with and without MHBPE at −40 °C, 20 °C and 70 °C suggested that MHBPE/HTPE/AP/Al/RDX propellant possessed better response ability to deformation. Thus, the application of MHBPE provides an efficient route of reinforcement to enhance the creep resistance and stress relaxation properties. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
研究领域:
材料科学
·
推进剂技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Nanomaterials
·
2020
·
IF 1.98
Hongyan Sun,Xiaodong Li,Pengfei Wu,Changgui Song,Yue Yang
RDX/aluminum composites were prepared by the spray-drying method with F2602 as a binder. The morphology and covering effect of composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect of the processing parameters on the morphology of the samples was investigated. The impact sensitivity and thermal decomposition behavior of RDX/aluminum composites were also measured and analyzed. Optimal morphology of samples was achieved when the inlet temperature, nitrogen flow rate, and suspension feed flow rates were 80°C, 473 L·h-1, and 4.5 mL·min-1, respectively. In addition, RDX/aluminum composites with the same content were prepared by a coverage-mixing method for comparative analysis. Experimental results showed that the thermal sensitivity and the impact sensitivity of RDX/aluminum composites prepared by the spray-drying method were significantly lower than those of RDX/aluminum composites prepared by the coverage-mixing method.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
·
爆炸技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2025
·
IF 7.5
Hou Conghua,Li Jingyu,Jia Xueru,Ma Jingjing,Zhang Haozhe,Luo Yuhang
RDX (Royal Demolition Explosive) is renowned for its exceptional explosive performance, yet it is prone to combustion and explosion when exposed to open flames, high temperatures, vibrations, impacts, and friction. Addressing these challenges is essential for the practical application of RDX. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to calculate the binding energies of composite particle models with varying ratios of TATB/RDX/PVAc, revealing that the TATB/RDX/PVAc (40/55/5) combination exhibited significantly higher binding energies, indicating optimal system stability. Experimental findings indicated that the optimal processing conditions are a polymerization temperature of 60 °C, a stirring rate of 350 r/min, and an initiator dosage of 1 wt%. Consequently, TATB/RDX/PVAc/GO microspheres with uniform and dense morphology were successfully synthesized. Through the calculation and comparison of thermal decomposition kinetic parameters, it was determined that the thermal explosion critical temperature of RDX in composite particles is elevated by 4.27 °C and 2.97 °C compared to pure RDX, with the T p0 value increased by 5.5 °C and 3.85 °C, respectively. For TATB in composite particles, the thermal explosion critical temperature was raised to 21.51 °C and 17.79 °C, with the T p0 value enhanced by 22.96 °C and 18.56 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the critical impact sensitivity (55 J) is 4.5 times greater than that of refinement RDX (12 J), and the critical friction sensitivity (288 N) is twice that of refinement RDX (144 N). The results demonstrate that TATB/RDX/PVAc/GO energetic composite microspheres, prepared via the Pickering emulsion polymerization method, possess excellent thermal stability and mechanical blunt sensitivity, providing a theoretical foundation for the broad application of RDX.
研究领域:
含能材料
·
高分子化学
·
炸药工程
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材料科学
·
化学物理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）