Journal of Ginseng Research
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2022
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IF 5.735
Ye-ying Jiang,Rong-yun Wei,Kai Tang,Zhen Wang,Ning-hua Tan
Background Mechanisms of synaptic plasticity in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are complex and the current knowledge cannot explain. Growth and regeneration of dendrites together with synaptic formation are the most important parameters for evaluating the cellular protective effects of various molecules. The effect of ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) on the growth of retinal ganglion cell processes has been poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effect of ginsenoside Rg1 on the neurite growth of RGCs. Methods Expression of proteins and mRNA were detected by Western blot and qPCR. cAMP levels were determined by ELISA. In vivo effects of Rg1 on RGCs were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin, and immunohistochemistry staining. Results This study found that Rg1 promoted the growth and synaptic plasticity of RGCs neurite by activating the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathways. Meanwhile, Rg1 upregulated the expression of GAP43, Rac1 and PAX6, which are closely related to the growth of neurons. Meantime, H89, an antagonist of PKA, could block this effect of Rg1. In addition, we preliminarily explored the effect of Rg1 on enhancing the glycolysis of RGCs, which could be one of the mechanisms for its neuroprotective effects. Conclusion Rg1 promoted neurite growth of RGCs through cAMP/PKA/CREB pathways. This study may lay a foundation for its clinical use of optic nerve diseases in the future.
研究领域:
神经科学
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药理学
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分子生物学
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细胞生物学
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
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2024
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IF 4.8
Liangliang Kong,Yan Liu,Jingwei Li,Yanyan Wang,Pengmin Ji,Qifeng Shi,Min Han,Hanyang Xu,Weiping Li,Weizu Li
Ethnopharmacological relevance Ginseng is a valuable herb in traditional Chinese medicine. Modern research has shown that it has various benefits, including tonifying vital energy, nourishing and strengthening the body, calming the mind, improving cognitive function, regulating fluids, and returning blood pressure, etc. Rg1 is a primary active component of ginseng. It protects hippocampal neurons, improves synaptic plasticity, enhances cognitive function, and boosts immunity. Furthermore, it exhibits anti-aging and anti-fatigue properties and holds great potential for preventing and managing neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Aim of the study The objective of this study was to examine the role of Rg1 in treating chronic inflammatory NDDs and its molecular mechanisms. Materials and methods In vivo , we investigated the protective effects of Rg1 against chronic neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in mice induced by 200 μg/kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 21 days using behavioral tests, pathological sections, Western blot, qPCR and immunostaining. In vitro experiments involved the stimulation of HT22 cells with 10 μg/ml of LPS, verification of the therapeutic effect of Rg1, and elucidation of its potential mechanism of action using H2DCFDA staining, BODIPY™ 581/591 C11, JC-1 staining, Western blot, and immunostaining. Results Firstly, it was found that Rg1 significantly improved chronic LPS-induced behavioral and cognitive dysfunction in mice. Further studies showed that Rg1 significantly attenuated LPS-induced neuronal damage by reducing levels of IL-6, IL-1β and ROS, and inhibiting AIM2 inflammasome. Furthermore, chronic LPS exposure induced the onset of neuronal ferroptosis by increasing the lipid peroxidation product MDA and regulating the ferroptosis-associated proteins Gpx4, xCT, FSP1, DMT1 and TfR, which were reversed by Rg1 treatment. Additionally, Rg1 was found to activate Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant enzymes, such as HO1 and NQO1, both in vivo and in vitro . In vitro studies also showed that the Nrf2 inhibitor ML385 could inhibit the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-ferroptosis effects of Rg1. Conclusions This study demonstrated that Rg1 administration ameliorated chronic LPS-induced cognitive deficits and neuronal ferroptosis in mice by inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The underlying mechanisms may be related to the inhibition of AIM2 inflammasome and activation of Nrf2 signaling. These findings provide valuable insights into the treatment of chronic neuroinflammation and associated NDDs.
研究领域:
神经药理学
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药理学
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神经科学
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免疫学
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分子生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Scientific Reports
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2025
·Vol. 15
·期 1
·1-13
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IF 3.9
Fan Xinyu,Zhang Ying,Li Xinyu,Ding Junhui,Huang Jiaolong,Lian Kai,Duan Peng,Hu Chunhui,Xu Junchang
In this study, the effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), the primary bioactive constituent of Panax ginseng roots, on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) were examined using a zebrafish model, with a focus on elucidating its underlying mechanisms. Our findings demonstrated that Rg1 treatment inhibited osteoporosis induced by methylprednisolone (PN), as evidenced by increased mineralisation area and integrated optical density in the spine and skull of zebrafish larvae. Rg1 reduced the expression of bglap (an osteogenic marker gene) and increased the expression of traf (an osteoclast marker gene) compared with the PN group. Behavioural analysis revealed that Rg1 alleviated PN-induced hypoactivity, resulting in enhanced motion speed. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis identified 383 genes reversed by Rg1 treatment, with significant enrichment in skeletal system development. KEGG analysis indicated that Rg1 influenced several signalling pathways primarily involved in retinol, fat, protein and lipid metabolism. Several genes related to skeletal system development and retinol metabolism were validated by qRT-PCR. In summary, this study provides scientific evidence for the potential mechanisms of Rg1 in the therapeutic intervention of GIOP, highlighting its promise as a potential pharmacological agent for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
研究领域:
药理学
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分子生物学
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生物信息学
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内分泌学
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发育生物学
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代谢学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
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2023
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IF 5.8
Shangmin Yu,Xinying Wang,Linlin Lv,Tongyan Liu,Qingxiang Guan
Depression is a chronic mental disorder which threatens human health and lives. However, the treatment of depression remains challenging largely due to blood brain barrier (BBB), which restricts drugs from entering the brain, resulting in a poor distribution of antidepressants in the brain. In this work, a novel brain-targeted drug delivery system was developed based on borneol-modified PEGylated graphene oxide (GO-PEG-BO). GO-PEG-BO was characterized and proved to possess excellent biocompatibility . By incorporating borneol , GO-PEG-BO could penetrate BBB efficiently by opening tight junctions and inhibiting the efflux system of BBB. The targeted distribution of GO-PEG-BO in the brain was observed by an in vivo biodistribution study. Moreover, GO-PEG-BO exhibited a neuroprotective effect, which is beneficial to the treatment of depression. Ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1), which can relieve depressive symptoms but difficult to cross BBB, was loaded to GO-PEG-BO for the therapy of depression. In depressive rats, GRg1/GO-PEG-BO improved stress-induced anhedonia, despair and anxiety, and comprehensively relieved the depressive symptoms. In conclusion, GO-PEG-BO could serve as a promising nanocarrier for brain-targeted drug delivery, and provide a new strategy for the therapy of depression.
研究领域:
药学
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纳米技术
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神经科学
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药物递送系统
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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2023
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IF 5.9
Na Li,Huan Xia,Shiyuan Liu,Junjiang Teng,Yanbin Jiang
In order to improve the activity and reusability of β-xylosidase, the β-xylosidase mutant S160N-R333H (R333H) which could convert notoginsenoside R1 to ginsenoside Rg1 and xylose was immobilized on the metal-organic framework (MOF) UiO-66-NH 2 . The physical and biochemical properties of immobilized β-xylosidase ( [email protected] 2 ) were studied in detail. The results showed improved performances, i.e. the high immobilization yield of 93% and recovery activity of 192.8%, better stability under acidic or trypsin-containing conditions, the higher activity in the reaction containing ions , and the improved catalytic efficiency (was 1.37-fold than that of free R333H). Importantly, the ginsenoside Rg1 yields remained more than 80% after six recycles in McIlvaine buffer and pure water. The UiO-66-NH 2 could catalyze xylose dehydration to produce furfural and the yield reached 69%. Thus this study provides a promising method for production of bioactive or platform chemicals via continuous conversion of xyloylated substrates using nanocatalyst synthesized by β-xylosidase and MOF.
研究领域:
生物技术
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酶工程
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化学工程
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药学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
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2023
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IF 8.1
Xianqiang Chen,Xinyu Chu,Xue Li,Fuliang Cao,Qirong Guo,Jiahong Wang
Molecular interaction forces regulate the interfacial properties of oil-in-water emulsion and play a key role in the rheology and stability of the emulsion in the food industry. In this study, the effects of non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment on the structural and functional properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) and its binding interaction with ginsenoside Rg 1 (GR 1 ) were investigated. The results based on surface hydrophobicity, infrared spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy test showed that the NTP treatment induced the unfolding of the structure of WPI and promoted the binding affinity between WPI and GR 1 . By comparing with untreated WPI (an α-helix content of 19.63 % and a β-sheet content of 31.66 %), there was a greater decrease in α-helix content and an increase in β-sheet content of WPI in N 20 -WPI (α-helix = 9.63 %, β-sheet = 39.63 %) and N 20 -WPI-GR 1 (α-helix = 4.98 %, β-sheet = 48.66 %) groups. Importantly, the NTP treatment increased the interfacial adsorption and antioxidant capacity of the WPI-GR1 complexes, which contributed to the improvement of the rheological properties and oxidation stability of the emulsion. As a result, the NTP treatment could markedly improve the rheological and antioxidative properties of the WPI-GR 1 complexes and the NTP-treated WPI-GR 1 emulsions was more stable than that untreated. The present research indicated that NTP-treated formation of protein-saponin complexes could enhance the functional properties of the proteins, thus expanding their application as functional ingradients in nutritionally fortified food.
研究领域:
食品科学
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化学工程
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生物技术
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
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2018
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IF 3.118
Yuzhu Ye,Yuanlu Shan,Caiying Bao,Yi Hu,Liangrong Wang
Background/aims Ginsenoside Rg1 is regarded as the primary bioactive ingredient in Panax notoginseng that has been well recognized for its protective effects against ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. However, the mechanisms still remain elusive. Our study aims to investigate the effects of Rg1 against lung injury induced by hind-limb IR in rats. Methods Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were randomly submitted to sham operation (SM group), hind-limb IR (IR group), hind-limb IR + Rg1 (Rg1 group), and hind-limb IR + Pro-DTC group (PD group). All the rats except those in SM group were subjected to 3 h of ischemia followed by 6 h of reperfusion , and extra intravenous Rg1 and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (Pro-DTC), a selective inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), was administered intravenously before ischemia in the Rg1 and PD group, respectively. The activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), as well as protein expressions of NF-κB p65 and cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) in lung tissue, and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-ProstaglandinF 1α (6-keto-PGF 1α ) levels in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were detected. Morphological changes, index of quantitative assessment of histologic lung injury (IQA), apoptosis index (AI) and lung Wet/Dry ratio were also evaluated. Results The levels of Wet/Dry ratio, IQA, AI, activities of MPO and 6-keto-PGF 1α /TXB 2 ratio were increased, and NF-κB p65 and COX-2 protein expression were upregulated, while SOD and CAT levels were decreased in lung tissue in IR group as compared with SM group ( p < 0.05), all the alterations could be significantly reversed by Rg1 or Pro-DTC pretreatment ( p < 0.05). And Rg1 and Pro-DTC also significantly attenuated the pulmonary histological abnormalities induced by IR. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg1 potentially attenuated lung injury induced by hind-limb IR by regulating NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway .
研究领域:
药理学
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免疫学
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病理学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH
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2015
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IF 0.913
Dan Lu,Li-Hong Zhu,Xiao-Ming Shu,Chan-Juan Zhang,Jia-Yi Zhao,Ren-Bin Qi,Hua-Dong Wang,Da-Xiang Lu
Microglial activation plays an important role in neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), an analog of hydroperoxide, mimics the oxidative damage to microglial cells. It has been reported that ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1), an active ingredient of Panax ginseng, has anti-stress and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aims to investigate the ability of G-Rg1 to decrease the t-BHP-mediated cell damage of BV2 microglial cells. We performed flow cytometry assays to facilitate the detection of reactive oxygen species as well as Western blotting analyses and immunofluorescence assays using specific antibodies, such as antibodies against phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinases (p-MAPKs), phospho-nuclear factor-κB (p-NF-κB), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), Caspase-3, autophagy marker light chain 3 (LC3), and Becline-1. We found that treatment with 50 μM G-Rg1 protected microglial cells against oxidative damage induced by 10 μM t-BHP.
研究领域:
神经科学
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药理学
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细胞生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
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2015
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IF 3.516
Dan Lu,Anding Xu,Hongcheng Mai,Jiayi Zhao,Chanjuan Zhang,Renbin Qi,Huadong Wang,Daxiang Lu,Lihong Zhu
Neural stem cells (NSCs) transplanted is one of the hottest research to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but cholinergic neurons from stem cells were also susceptible to cell death which Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was affirmed to reverse. Related to cognitive impairment, cholinergic nervous cells should be investigated and ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) was considered to increase them. We chose tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) damage model to study in vitro. Functional properties of our recombination plasmid pEGFP-C2-HSP70 were affirmed by SH-SY5Y cells. To opposite the transitory appearance of HSP70, NSCs used as the vectors of HSP70 gene overexpressed HSP70 for at least 7 days in vitro. After transfection for 3 days, G-Rg1 pretreatment for 4 hours, and coculture for 3 days, the expression of acetylcholinesterase (ChAT), synaptophysin, and the ratio of NeuN and GFAP were assessed by western blot; Morphological properties were detected by 3D reconstruction and immunofluorescence. ChAT was markedly improved in the groups contained G-Rg1. In coculture system, the ratio of neurons/astrocytes and the filaments of neurons were increased; apoptosis cells were decreased, compared to monotherapy (). In conclusion, we demonstrated that, as a safe cotreatment affirmed in vitro, overexpression of HSP70 in NSCs plus G-Rg1 promoted nervous cells regeneration from chronic oxidative damage.
研究领域:
神经科学
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药理学
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细胞生物学
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分子生物学
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干细胞研究
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
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2025
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IF 2.5
Li Xia,Weng Shi-Qi,Li Qing-Hui,Ji Min,Zhou Yan,Xiao Qin,Luo Tao,Liu Zhao-Xia
Oxidative stress results in the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) and premature ovarian failure (POF). Ginsenoside Rg1 possesses natural antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. However, the underlying mechanisms by which it regulates mitochondrial function in ovarian GCs remain unclear. To investigate the potential mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) in mitigating oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis in POF. This study employed network pharmacology and in vitro experiments to identify the key targets and pathways associated with the therapeutic effects of Rg1 in the treatment of POF. An oxidative stress model was established using H₂O₂-treated KGN cells to validate the network pharmacology predictions in vitro. In the Rg1-treated group, cell viability was significantly improved, while the rate of apoptosis was reduced. Furthermore, Rg1 suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and increased the levels of glutathione and adenosine triphosphate. Additionally, Rg1 downregulated pro-apoptotic and mitophagy-related markers (Bax, Caspase-3, Parkin, PINK1) and upregulated Bcl-2, p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR, suggesting involvement of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings suggest that Rg1 protects against H 2 O 2 -induced apoptosis in ovarian GCs by preserving mitochondrial function and inhibiting mitophagy. Graphical
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PubMed
高影响因子
REPRODUCTION
·
2026
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IF 3.4
Li Yan,Chang Zixin,Zhuang Chenyu,Zhu Shenfan,Hou Jiong,Huang Tiantian,Yang Niuniu,Wang Haibo,Liu Yanqing
Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a widely prescribed chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agent known to cause significant reproductive toxicity. Ginseng effectively counteracts CP-induced reproductive toxicity, exhibiting pharmacological effects that resemble enhanced orexin signaling. In this study, molecular docking identified ginsenoside Rg1 as the candidate with the highest binding affinity for orexin receptor 1 (OX1R). In CP-treated male mice, Rg1 dose-dependently ameliorated reproductive toxicity, as evidenced by improved sexual behavior, sperm motility and DNA integrity, serum testosterone levels, and testicular histology. These protective effects were significantly attenuated by co-administration of the OX1R antagonist SB-334867. Notably, serum orexin-A levels did not differ significantly across all experimental groups, indicating that Rg1 acts directly on testicular OX1R rather than by elevating circulating orexin-A. Mechanistically, Rg1 restored testicular PI3K/AKT phosphorylation in an OX1R-dependent manner and preserved GLUT3 and GLUT8 immunoreactivity in germ cells. These findings demonstrate that Rg1 protects against CP-induced reproductive toxicity through OX1R-dependent activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and maintenance of glucose transporter-mediated metabolism. Thus, OX1R represents a crucial mechanistic node, and Rg1 is a promising adjunct therapy to mitigate chemotherapy-related male infertility.
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIOCATALYSIS AND BIOTRANSFORMATION
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2025
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IF 1.9
Yanho Hu,Yakun Shan,Yue Yang,Yudi Song,Yiming Li,Xi Wang,Ruining Zhang,Jun Zhao
Rare ginsenoside F1, a bioactive component of ginseng, possesses notable anti-tumour, anti-aging, and antioxidant properties; however, its low natural abundance and the difficulty of large-scale preparation limit its practical application. In this study, ginsenoside Rg1 was converted into rare ginsenoside F1 using a recombinant β-glucosidase (BgpA), BaBgl1A, and the products were analysed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results demonstrated that BaBgl1A selectively hydrolysed the glucose moiety at the C-6 position of Rg1. The biotransformation conditions were optimised to pH 5.0, 45 °C, a substrate concentration of 2 mg/mL, and an enzyme loading of 2.0 U/mg. Under these conditions, the biotransformation was completed within 12 h with a biotransformation conversion of 98%, and the product structure was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Molecular docking analysis revealed that hydrogen bonding was the dominant interaction between Rg1 and BaBgl1A, with an optimal binding energy of −7.9 kcal/mol. Rg1 bound to the active site of BaBgl1A through three key amino acid residues (ALA-178, SER-43, and SER-354), which facilitated the hydrolysis of the outer Glc residue at the C-6 position. These findings provide a novel strategy for the efficient large-scale preparation of rare ginsenoside F1.
研究领域:
生物化学
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生物技术
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酶学
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天然产物化学
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制药生物技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）