SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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2022
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IF 10.753
Qiao Li,Xinyue Ma,Chengsi Qi,Rui Li,Wei Zhang,Jiansheng Li,Jinyou Shen,Xiuyun Sun
Effective removal of Sb(III) and Sb(V) has long been an urgent task for protecting human health and environment. In this study, novel magnetic mesoporous Fe Mn binary oxides (MMFMs) were fabricated via calcinating the Mn encapsulated carboxymethyl cellulose-Fe(III) hydrogel, and the structure of MMFMs were closely related to the Fe:Mn ratio. Owing to the mesoporous structure together with synergistic effect of Fe Mn binary component, the MMFMs exhibited excellent mass transfer and adsorption ability to Sb(III) and Sb(V). MMFM 3 achieved a maximum Sb(III) and Sb(V) adsorption capacity of 281.5 and 204.6 mg/g, respectively. Co-existing anions of Cl − , NO 3 − and SO 4 2− exhibited marginal influence on the adsorption for both Sb(III) and Sb(V), except the PO 4 3− for Sb(III) and SiO 3 2− or PO 4 3− for Sb(V). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic investigation revealed that high valence Mn(IV) was mainly responsible for the oxidation transformation of the highly toxic Sb(III) into less toxic Sb(V), while the FeO x content played major role for the adsorption of Sb(V). The generated inner-sphere Fe O Sb complex between Fe-OH groups and Sb(III/V) dominantly contributed to the removal of Sb(III/V). Overall, mesoporous structure, magnetic separation ability, excellent adsorption performance together with exceptional regeneration properties demonstrated the great potential of MMFMs for Sb(III/V) remediation.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
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2021
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IF 9.642
Liping Zhang,Yingbo Dong,Junfei Liu,Chenjing Liu,Wei Liu,Hai Lin
Iron-biochar is an efficient adsorbent for contaminants, whereas the role of prepared temperature on removal of antimony (Sb) is unacquainted. In this study, the iron-biochar composites (FBC) were fabricated by co-pyrolysis at 500°C and 800°C and applied to remove antimonite (Sb(III)) and antimonate (Sb(V)) in aqueous. The results showed Fe 3 O 4 was loaded on biochar prepared at 500°C (FBC500), while FeOOH with zero-valent iron (ZVI) was formed on biochar pyrolyzed at 800°C (FBC800). However, FBC500 showed the maximum absorbance for Sb(V) (30.47 mg/g), and FBC800 had optimal removal efficiency for Sb(III) (52.30 mg/g). The sorption of Sb(III) and Sb(V) on FBC was multilayer heterogeneous chemisorption (complexation and ligand exchange). Sb(III) was oxidized to Sb(V) with less toxicity during the corrosion of ZVI on FBC800, leading to the co-precipitation of Sb 2 O 5 . The electrostatic interaction affected the adsorption of Sb(V) on FBC500 and FBC800. The FBC800 showed superior reusability and resistance than FBC500.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Water Process Engineering
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2025
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IF 6.7
Mengqiao Luo,Lei Tang,Lei Fang,Yongchao Zhou,Yiping Zhang
Recently, Antimony (Sb) pollution in wastewater is a global environmental issue. The bio-electrochemical system (BES) converts Sb(V) to less toxic Sb(III) via microbial electrochemical processes. In this study, the effect factors of Sb(V) removal by BES are explored and the removal mechanism by BES is clarified. Results show that under acidic conditions, the removal rate of Sb(V) was 100 %, which is far more than its removal efficiency under a neutral condition. Sulfide concentration critically regulates efficiency: levels >8.5 mg L −1 inhibit removal, while <6 mg L −1 promote it via H₂SbS₄ − formation, linked to sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) metabolizing S 2− . Furthermore, the mechanism of bio-electrochemical system (BES) reactor was further clarified by 16 s rRNA high-throughput sequencing. There are three types of bacteria play an important role in the removal of Sb from BES. ARB can reduce directly Sb(V) to sediment (i.e. Sb 2 O 3 , Sb(OH) 3 ) in BES, respectively. Electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) can transfer electrons to Sb(V) in solution by graphite electrodes and promote the reduction in BES. And SRB can use organic matter as electron donor to reduce SO 4 2− to S 2− in respiratory metabolism process. Electric fields can stimulate parts of microbial activities, so that it can improve the removal efficiency of Sb(V). Sb of the wastewater are removed by antimony-reducing bacteria, sulfide reduction, and electrochemistry combined with microbial reduction. Therefore, BES have a good performance in the removal of Sb(V) in acidic wastewater. This study presents a novel method for treating Sb(V), which is more sustainable compared to traditional chemical approaches.
研究领域:
环境生物学
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微生物学
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废水处理工程
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高影响因子
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
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2024
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IF 6.2
Ziyi Dong,Mengchang He,Chunye Lin,Wei Ouyang,Xitao Liu
Antimony (Sb) is a toxic pollutant, with Sb(V) being one of its main forms in the environment, but the process and mechanism of plant uptake of Sb(V) remain unclear. To investigate the process of Sb(V) uptake by plants, Arabidopsis thaliana plants were exposed to water culture media supplemented with different Sb(V) concentrations. The distribution, content, and forms of Sb(V) in Arabidopsis roots, and the accumulation and fixation of Sb(V) in Arabidopsis plants were studied. In addition, inhibitor experiments and analyses of gene expression changes were conducted to elucidate the underlying mechanism of its toxicity. Sb(V) entering the roots was mainly adsorbed on the cell wall, and the Sb(V) content in both apoplastic solution and symplastic solution increased with increasing external Sb(V) concentration. Sb(V) concentration in apoplast and symplast were approximately linearly correlated (R 2 =0.980), indicating low affinity of cells for Sb(V) absorption. Moreover, uncouplers significantly inhibited the entry of Sb(V) into the symplast, suggesting that the transmembrane transport of Sb(V) is energy-consuming. Sb(V) entering the cell could be partially reduced to Sb(III), and significant changes in glutathione metabolism gene expression were detected, indicating the important role of glutathione metabolism in the detoxification of Sb(V). From the perspective of the whole plant, although Sb(V) is absorbed by the roots, it is mainly fixed in the leaves and stems. This study revealed the pattern of Sb(V) uptake by plants and elucidated the mechanism of Sb(V) uptake by plants from the perspectives of kinetics, physiology, and genetics.
研究领域:
植物生理学
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环境毒理学
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分子生物学
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PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
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2021
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IF 7.086
Xiuping Feng,Ruixin Yan,Qinggang Zhang,Qun Wan,Takeshi Hagio,Ryoichi Ichino,Long Kong,Xinde Cao,Liang Li
It is urgent and essential to remove antimony from wastewater due to its potential carcinogenicity . In this paper, a nano ferric oxide (NFO) adsorbent was synthesized in a one-step low temperature calcination (150 °C) process. It presents a surprising self-acidification behavior, could automatically adjust the pH to around 4 from different intimal pH values (4–9), which enable it to efficiently remove more than 99% of Sb(V) from wastewater in a wide pH range. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis proved that the self-acidification function was originated from the hydrolyzation of surface Fe atoms on ferric oxide nanoparticles . The maximum adsorption capacity of this adsorbent is 78.1 mg/g which is 2–3 times higher than that of the samples obtained at higher temperatures (250 °C and 350 °C), and also its adsorption kinetic constant is ten times higher, which can be attributed to the larger surface areas and smaller sizes of ferric oxides synthesized at 150 °C. In the actual wastewater treatment , the effluent’s concentration after treatment can be maintained below the instrument detection limit even under low initial antimony concentration. We believe that this new adsorbent has great potential in the practical application in the treatment of Sb polluted wastewaters due to its simple synthesis, high efficiency, and low cost.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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PubMed
高影响因子
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
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2026
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IF 7.9
Yahui Shi,Zhixiang Zhang,Heyu Wan,Lin Ma,Heng Chen,Ying Li,Jiahui Dai,Dongjin Wan
This study developed a sulfur autotrophic bioreactor that could effectively remove Sb(V) of ppm (10 mg/L) and ppb (500 μg/L) levels in water through sulfur autotrophic reduction, sulfur disproportionation and in-situ precipitation. At the longest hydraulic retention time (i.e., HRT = 5.42 h for ppm Sb(V) level and HRT = 12.0 h for ppb Sb(V) level), the bioreactors performed well, with removal efficiencies of 97.1%, 96.2% for Sb(V), and 96.3%, 47.0% for the total Sb (TSb), respectively. Sb(V) removal by sulfur autotrophic reduction matched well with First-order kinetic model, implying that Sb(V) concentration was the main controlling factor limiting its removal. The measured SO 4 2- increment and alkalinity consumption in effluent were higher than the theoretical values owing to the occurrence of sulfur disproportionation. At the end of bioreactor operation, the in-situ precipitates were characterized and confirmed to be Sb 2 S 3 . Given arsenic (As) toxicity mechanism in KEGG database, the mechanistic response of organisms to Sb(V) was attributed to the reactive oxygen species (ROS) from the highly toxic methyl compounds of Sb(III). Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum for Sb(V) removal, and Sulfuricurvum and Microbacter (at genus level) played key roles for Sb(V) reduction and sulfur disproportionation, respectively. Download: Download high-res image (291KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
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2025
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IF 7.3
Qi Huang,Xiaohu Jin,Zirui Hu,Ziwen Zhong,Yitao Cai,Qian Yao,Xiaofei Li,Xueqin Tao,Zhi Dang,Guining Lu
Antimony (Sb) pollution is becoming a non-negligible issue due to its toxic and carcinogenic properties. In mining areas, jarosite is a main host mineral for Sb(V), and its transformation may seriously influence the fate of Sb. In this study, we examined the transformation of Sb(V)-coprecipitated jarosite in the presence of oxalic acid (OA) and Desferrioxamine B (DFOB), and explored the resulting repartition of Sb. Results showed that OA and DFOB retarded jarosite dissolution but promoted Fe(III) and Sb(V) release, playing a combined role in this retardation and promotion. In treatment without OA or DFOB, jarosite transformed into hematite and goethite. In DFOB-only systems, DFOB did not change the jarosite transformation pathway; goethite and hematite were still the dominant products, and aqueous Fe(III)-DFOB complexes were formed. In OA-only systems, the re-adsorption of aqueous Fe(III)-OA complexes on the mineral surface may result in another recrystallization pathway, forming goethite. In OA-DFOB systems, DFOB competed with OA for Fe(III), forming Fe(III)-DFOB complexes and delayed OA-induced jarosite transformation into goethite. By the end of all reactions, more than 99.94 % of total Sb was retained by neo-formed secondary Fe(III) minerals. OA drove more Sb to become phosphate-extractable, and DFOB drove the above phosphate-extractable Sb into poorly crystalline phases or residual phases.
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高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 9
Yaxiong Zeng,Wenxiang Liu,Xueni Huang,Xiaotian Yang,Beimeng Qi,Jie Yu,Hailu Fu
Heavy metal–organic compound complexes are commonly found in textile dye wastewater, seriously threatening human health. This work proposes a unique integrated electrocoagulation and electro-Fenton (EC-EF) system combining an Fe anode and a carbon-felt-loaded hydroxylated carbon nanotubes (CNTs-OH/CF) cathode for the simultaneous removal of aniline and Sb(V) from wastewater. Under optimal conditions of initial pH of 3.0, NaCl concentration of 0.15 mol/L, and current density of 30 A m −2 , the EC-EF system removed almost 100 % of aniline in 40 min and of Sb(V) in 10 min, with an energy consumption equal to 2.01 KWh kg −1 . The excellent performance derived from the usage of the CNTs-OH/CF cathode increased the number of active sites, hydrophobicity, and electrical conductivity, facilitating the oxygen reduction reaction and electron transfer, thus enhancing the in situ-produced hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) with a concentration of 644.53 mg L −1 , exceeding most reported values. Furthermore, hydroxyl radicals (•OH), the dominant active species generated through the reactions of Fe 2+ with electro generated H 2 O 2 , promoted the degradation of aniline. Meanwhile, Sb(V) was adsorbed by the ferric hydroxide formed at the anode and finally co-precipitated. The excellent reusability after five cycles and outstanding catalytic activity towards real wastewater demonstrate the superiority of the developed system for treating wastewater in practical applications. This study presents a unique integrated technology and a theoretical foundation for the simultaneous removal of heavy metal–organic compound complexes from wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
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2022
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IF 10.753
Wei Chen,Ze Lin,Zhenxian Chen,Xiulan Weng,Gary Owens,Zuliang Chen
Antimony (Sb) contamination is a significant environmental issue in mining impacted areas, where the use of nanomaterials to remove such metalloid species has attracted much research attention. In this study, the simultaneous removal of Sb(III) and Sb(V) was investigated using a reduced graphene oxide/Fe/Ni (rGO-Fe/Ni NPs) composite. Compared to rGO alone the composite exhibited enhanced removal efficiency. For rGO-Fe/Ni NPs the maximum Sb(III) and Sb(V) adsorption capacities were 2.00 and 1.41 mg·g −1 , respectively, compared to 1.70 and 1.02 mg·g −1 for Sb(III) and Sb(V), respectively, when using rGO only. This indicated that Fe/Ni enhanced the simultaneous removal of Sb(III) and Sb(V). Advanced characterization via SEM and XPS before and after exposure to Sb indicated that both Sb(III) and Sb(V) were adsorbed on to the surface of rGO-Fe/Ni NPs, followed by oxidation of Sb(III) to Sb(V). Adsorption and oxidation kinetics both conformed to pseudo-second order models, where the mechanism for the simultaneous removal of Sb(III) and Sb(V) by rGO-Fe/Ni NPs involved a combination of both adsorption and oxidation. Moreover, the practical adsorption capacity of rGO-Fe/Ni was not limited to Sb, since in a real mining wastewater; containing a mixture of metal(loid)s, while rGO-Fe/Ni exhibited a Sb adsorption capacity of 1.59 mg·g −1 , it also exhibited similar adsorption capacities for As (2.61 mg·g −1 ), Pb (2.41 mg·g −1 ), and Cd (1.25 mg·g −1 ). The composite was also highly reusable with a removal efficiency for Sb(III) as high as 72.7% after 4 cycles of use. Thus, rGO-Fe/Ni NPs has significant potential for the practical removal of Sb species and other heavy metal(loid)s in mining impacted wastewaters.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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2022
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IF 7.968
Yunxuan Hu,Shuangyu Zhang,Chenghui Luo,Lei Wan,Shuang Wu,Shams Ali Baig,Xinhua Xu
In this study, surfactant-modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were prepared via a hydrothermal method using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The synthesized sorbent (DS-LDH) was utilized for the removal of Sb(V) from aqueous solutions. The results demonstrated that DS 4 -LDH with a SDS/(Mg 2+ +Al 3+ ) molar ratio of 0.35 exhibited excellent Sb(V) sorption ability (136 mg g −1 ), which was 11 times that of pure LDH (12 mg g −1 ), for an initial Sb(V) concentration of 40 mg L −1 . Acidic and alkalescent aqueous solutions and ionic strength hardly affected Sb(V) sorption by DS 4 -LDH, whereas strong alkalinity inhibited Sb(V) sorption. Under neutral conditions, coexisting anions, including sulfate and phosphate, exhibited a significant influence on Sb(V) removal, whereas chloride, acetate, and carbonate had negligible effects. Ion exchange and the formation of brandholzite-like structures primarily contributed to the Sb(V) sorption by DS 4 -LDH. The intercalation of dodecyl sulfate ions in LDH increased the interlayer spacing, which enhanced anion exchange between the original interlayer ions of LDH and Sb(OH) 6 - , and facilitated contact between the interlayer functional sites and Sb(OH) 6 - , leading to an improved removal of Sb(V). This study proposes a new concept for the development of high-performance LDH sorbents modified by organic surfactants, which could be promising remediating substances for the efficient removal of Sb(V).
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
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2025
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IF 6.1
Ziyang Lai,Mengchang He
Owing to the extensive application of antimony across various industries, antimony pollution poses significant threats to human health and ecosystems. However, its aquatic ecotoxicological and mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to decipher the toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of antimony(V) [Sb(V)] in zebrafish embryos/larvae. The results demonstrated that Sb(V) accumulated in larvae in a concentration-dependent manner. Although no significant lethal or teratogenic effects were observed, normal growth and development were perturbed. Exposure to 100 mg/L Sb(V) increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in larvae while increasing catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and reducing lipid peroxidation levels, with no significant effect on apoptosis. Correlation analysis of toxic endpoints revealed complex network associations among the antioxidant system (CAT/SOD), oxidative stress markers (ROS/MDA), and developmental parameters (body length, heart rate, and nonteratogenic rate). The antioxidant functions of CAT/SOD may indirectly influence growth and teratogenic phenotypes by modulating the extent of oxidative damage, whereas the glutathione redox balance (GSH/GSSG ratio) has bidirectional regulatory potential for apoptosis. Oxidative stress indicators (CAT, SOD, ROS, and MDA), apoptosis markers (whole-body and abdominal apoptosis), and developmental metrics were identified as highly sensitive toxic endpoints. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Sb(V) upregulated immune-related signaling pathways and significantly affected the expression of genes involved in immune defense responses in zebrafish larvae, suggesting potential interference with immune system functions. This study provides critical data for enhancing the understanding of Sb(V) aquatic ecotoxicology and offers new perspectives for assessing the potential ecological health risks of Sb(V).
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高影响因子
Journal of Water Process Engineering
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2025
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IF 6.7
Xingtao Xue,Min Yao,Junxin Yu,Huiyun Lu,Yubo Liu,Hongbin Wang,Huasheng Gao
The widespread use of antimony as a catalyst in the textile industry presents risks to ecosystems and human health. This study investigated the removal of Sb(V) using three iron-based coagulants —polymeric ferric sulfate (PFS), ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ), and ferrous sulfate (FeSO 4 )—via coagulation-sedimentation, and elucidates the coagulation mechanism by speciation analysis and characterization of precipitate. At a wastewater pH of 5–6, PFS and FeCl 3 achieved 96 % removal of 1.0 mg-Sb/L with a dosage of 12 mg-Fe/L, while FeSO 4 showed only 78 % removal, primarily due to the requisite oxidation step to Fe(III) before hydrolysis and precipitation. Phosphate ions, organic dyes and humic acids could compete with Sb(V), thereby reducing its removal efficiency. Sequential chemical extraction and instrumental characterization analysis revealed that the primary components of the precipitate were FeSbO 4 and Fe r SbO 4 (OH) 3r-3 when PFS or FeCl 3 was used as the coagulant. During Sb(V) removal process employing FeSO 4 coagulant, a large portion of Fe(II) underwent direct reaction with Sb(V) to form FeSb 2 O 6 , while the remaining fraction was oxidized to Fe(III) and generated FeSb 2 O 6 and Fe r SbO 4 (OH) 3r-3 via the Fe(III) reaction pathway. The removal of Sb(V) was mainly due to chemical precipitation (90 %) and hydrolysis adsorption (10 %). PFS coagulation is a promising method for removing Sb(V) from textile wastewater.
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高影响因子
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