This study evaluated the effects of co-inoculation with Latilactobacillus sakei A20 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LJ1–1 at different ratios on the quality and safety of fermented mandarin fish ( Siniperca chuatsi ). Compared with the C group without starter culture, the inoculated groups effectively delayed lipid oxidation and decreased TVB-N content by 14.00%. Notably, the accumulation of biogenic amines was markedly inhibited, with tyramine and cadaverine levels decreasing by over 30.00%. It also reshaped the microbial community by suppressing spoilage bacteria such as Shewanella baltica and Aeromonas sobria , while promoting the accumulation of esters and aldehydes. Sensory evaluation confirmed a 15.44% increase in overall acceptability. Furthermore, a fermentation period of 7 days is recommended to ensure product safety and quality. These results indicate that Lat. sakei A20 and Lpb. plantarum LJ1–1 have great potential as mixed starter cultures for improving the safety, flavor, and sensory acceptability of fermented mandarin fish.
Diets with high carbohydrate (HC) was reported to have influence on appetite and intermediary metabolism in fish. To illustrate whether betaine could improve appetite and glucose-lipid metabolism in aquatic animals, mandarin fish ( Siniperca chuatsi ) were fed with the HC diets with or without betaine for 8 weeks. The results suggested that betaine enhanced feed intake by regulating the hypothalamic appetite genes. The HC diet-induced downregulation of AMPK and appetite genes was also positively correlated with the decreased autophagy genes, suggesting a possible mechanism that AMPK/mTOR signaling might regulate appetite through autophagy. The HC diet remarkably elevated transcriptional levels of genes related to lipogenesis, while betaine alleviated the HC-induced hepatic lipid deposition. Additionally, betaine supplementation tended to store the energy storage as hepatic glycogen. Our findings proposed the possible mechanism for appetite regulation through autophagy via AMPK/mTOR, and demonstrated the feasibility of betaine as an aquafeed additive to regulate appetite and intermediary metabolism in fish.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）