DESIGNED MONOMERS AND POLYMERS
·
2016
·
IF 1.497
Hui Liu,Jin Hu,Xinwei Yang,Si Chen,Huanqing Cui
Silica nanoparticles (SiO2) were grafted with the precursor random copolymer of 1′-(2-acryloxyethyl)-3′,3′-dimethyl-6-nitrospiro-(2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indoline) (SPMA) and tert-butyl methacrylate (tBMA) by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP), and SiO2-g-P(SPMA-co-methacrylic acid (MAA)) was obtained via chemical hydrolysis of the resulting precursor random copolymer in acidic conditions. From transmission electron microscopy, we observed the spherical morphology of monodispersed silica nanoparticles and core-shell structure of SiO2-g-P(SPMA-co-MAA). Energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the polymer had been successfully grafted onto the surface of silica nanoparticles. The dual-responsive properties were characterized by means of ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and dynamic light scattering. The average hydrodynamic diameter of SiO2-g-P(SPMA-co-MAA) increased from 185.7 to 212.7 nm under ultraviolet light irradiation for 5 min. Also, the particle size of SiO2-g-P(SPMA-co-MAA) increased with the rising pH value of surrounding condition.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2021
·
IF 5.097
Yuan Wang,Lei Feng,Haiyan Zhu,Hongyan Miao,Ying Li,Xuefeng Liu,Gang Shi
The fluorescence intensity of the ring-opened merocyanine (MC) form of spiropyran can be enhanced by metal nanostructures. However, direct contact between spiropyran and the metal results in fluorescence quenching, which will reduce the enhancement amplitude of MC fluorescence. Here, Ag nanoparticles (NPs), a TiO2 dielectric layer, a poly(methyl methacrylate)-spiropyran (PMMA-SP) layer, and Au shell-isolated NPs with SiO2 shells (Au@SiO2) are successively assembled on a Si wafer with micropyramids and nanoholes (Siph). The hierarchical structure of this substrate is similar to insects’ compound eyes with nano- and microstructures, which can reduce the reflection of incident light. Meanwhile, the Au/Ag-coupled plasmonic nanocavities can enhance the intensity of a local electromagnetic (EM) field. In addition, TiO2 and SiO2 layers can avoid the nonradiative energy transfer caused by the direct contact between spiropyan and the metal. Based on the above advantages, the fluorescence enhancement factor (EF) of this substrate is as high as 195, which is the maximum reported so far. Zn2+, Cu2+, and Sn2+ can also be detected on Siph/TiO2/PMMA-SP/Au@SiO2, whose detection limits are 0.054, 0.038, and 0.049 μM, respectively. Furthermore, this substrate can be reused to detect metal ions by taking advantage of the reversible isomerization of spiropyran. The bioinspired substrate has positive significance in improving the fluorescence intensity of MC, and its lack of specific recognition ability for metal ions is expected to be further improved by molecular modification of spiropyran.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Mengmeng Kang,Xingmeng Su,Yuanchang Zhang,Yu Yao,Olayinka Oderinde,Guodong Fu
To address the growing demand for energy-efficient information storage and smart displays, we have developed a fast, self-healing, rewritable photochromic hydrogel based on visible light-responsive reverse photochromism. The developed hydrogel is engineered by integrating carboxyl-functionalized spiropyran into a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix, utilizing hydrogen bonding, crystallization of PVA chains, and B–O bonds. The reverse photochromic effect is significantly enhanced by the addition of sodium tetraborate, which is further augmented by the temperature increase. Additionally, a carboxyl-functionalized spirooxazine is used as a couple for UV tuning stimulation, so the self-healing reverse photochromic hydrogel could respond to both the visible and UV, impacting more diverse color variations as well as enhancing the controllability of the hydrogel. This approach promotes the development of reverse photochromic hydrogels, potentially expanding their applications in tunable and rewritable display technologies.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Optical Materials
·
2025
·
IF 7.2
Junheng Gao,Fu Tang,Yuting Li,Likang Zhang,An Hu,Shuo Li,Lidong Li
Fluorescent hydrogels have immense potential and are widely studied for on demand displays. Response rate of fluorophores upon stimuli within the hydrogel matrix is a key role to improve the timely responsiveness, but rare reports are elaborated on it. In this work, the photoisomeric spiropyran methacrylate (SPMA) is introduced into the poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel to fabricate a stimuli-responsive fluorescent hydrogel. Interestingly, the photoresponse rate of SPMA in the hydrogel is greatly accelerated at the presence of F127 micelles than without it. Both of the absorbance and fluorescence intensity of the hydrogels at the photostationary state are improved obviously with micelles. Besides, the normalized absorbance and the fluorescence kinetic studies indicated a more than 2 times quicker isomerization process. The absolute fluorescence quantum yields of SPMA in the hydrogel is also increased. These can be attributed to the hydrophobic microenvironment provided by the F127 micelles that facilitated the conformation transition of SPMA. Thus, the synergetic effect of the increased amount of activable SPMA and the promoted speed of isomerization contributed to the accelerated photoresponse of the prepared hydrogel. Taking advantage of these virtues, a timely and multi-responsive on-demand information encryption system is realized.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
DYES AND PIGMENTS
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Yan Bao,Lu Gao,Pei Han,Feng Liu,Junbing Zhou,Wenbo Zhang
With advancements in smart materials, photochromic polyurethane (PU) shows considerable promise for applications in anti-counterfeiting, optical storage, and colorimetric sensing. However, significant challenges remain, such as reliance on solvent-based PU, poor color fastness due to blending methods, and limited color options, hampering its broader application. In response, this study selected trichromatic spiropyrans (SPs, SP-R , SP-Y , and SP-B ) from preparing 14 hydroxyl-containing SPs. Under UV irradiation, SP-R , SP-Y , and SP-B can colorless transform to red, yellow, and blue, respectively. The photochromic waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) were synthesized by incorporating trichromatic SPs as end-capping agents into WPU chains (denoted as CWPU-R/Y/B), exhibiting excellent photochromic performance. Unlike simple blending, the CWPU-R/Y/B process superior photochromic fatigue resistance (50 cycles), emulsion stability (6-month storage), solvent resistance, and color fastness (achieving the highest grade of 5), due to the covalent bonding effect. Furthermore, CWPU films with various colors were achieved through simple color mixing, providing a broader spectrum to meet diverse application needs. The potential application of CWPU in the anti-counterfeiting field was preliminarily explored, showing the gratifying results. This study presents a novel material applicable to the next generation of smart packaging, electronic information, and coatings.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
智能材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2024
·Vol. 16
·期 8
·1031
·
IF 4.7
Shijun Long,Fan Chen,Han Ren,Yali Hu,Chao Chen,Yiwan Huang,Xuefeng Li
Shape-shifting polymers usually require not only reversible stimuli-responsive ability, but also strong mechanical properties. A novel shape-shifting photochromic hydrogel system was designed and fabricated by embedding hydrophobic spiropyran (SP) into double polymeric network (DN) through micellar copolymerisation. Here, sodium alginate (Alg) and poly acrylate-co-methyl acrylate-co-spiropyran (P(SA-co-MA-co-SPMA)) were employed as the first network and the second network, respectively, to realise high mechanical strength. After being soaked in the CaCl2solution, the carboxyl groups in the system underwent metal complexation with Ca2+to enhance the hydrogel. Moreover, after the hydrogel was exposed to UV-light, the closed isomer of spiropyran in the hydrogel network could be converted into an open zwitterionic isomer merocyanine (MC), which was considered to interact with Ca2+ions. Interestingly, Ca2+and UV-light responsive programmable shape of the copolymer hydrogel could recover to its original form via immersion in pure water. Given its excellent metal ion and UV light stimuli-responsive and mechanical properties, the hydrogel has potential applications in the field of soft actuators.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
·
2021
·
IF 3.975
Xiaozhen Xiao,Chao Zhang,Lishan Chen,Liqiong Liao
For fast and visual detection of multiple metal ions , herein, a re-usable colorimetric polymeric gel with spiropyran moiety was fabricated. Under ultraviolet light, the spiropyran (SP) moiety could isomerize into the colored merocyanine (MC) isomer and chelate with divalent metal ion (M 2+ ) and form MC-M 2+ complexes. Chelated with different metal ions (Ca 2+ , Co 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Cu 2+ ions), the UV–Vis spectra of the gels could display the specific colorimetric response. When the metal-ions chelated gel was irradiated with Vis light, ions dissociated from MC and released from gel due to the MC moiety isomerized to the SP form. Furthermore, after 7 cycles of alternative UV–Vis irradiations, the gel showed excellent reversible chelation/dissociation of metal ion. The competitive tendency of metal ions to chelate with gel was as following: Cu 2+ > Co 2+ ≈ Zn 2+ > Ca 2+ , which was in accordance with the density functional theory modeling. Using ionoprinting technology, the gel could achieve repeatability simultaneous detection of multiple metal ions. The light-triggered metal ion chelation/dissociation capability of the gel could be harnessed to construct reusable onsite platform for visual, fast, easy detection of multiple metal ions.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Fei Li,Jingquan Liu,Xiaole Gong,Fan Qiao,Junhui Chen,Honglei Liu
Spiropyran (SP), a classical photochromic molecule, exhibits reversible structural isomerization under stimuli such as light irradiation, pH changes, and solvent variations. However, its practical application in solid-state materials is still hindered by challenges such as molecular aggregation and fluorescence quenching. In this work, we developed photochromic SP-grafted sodium alginate derivatives via a green and efficient synthetic strategy, which combines the stimuli-responsive properties of SP with the processability of alginate. Through sequential amidation under mild conditions, carboxylated SPs were grafted onto sodium alginate, enabling the synthesis of novel biomaterials with tunable fluorescence. The synthesized biomaterials exhibit reversible color changes under UV/visible light. Processed into films, fibers, and microspheres via ionic crosslinking with Ca 2+ , these materials showcased applications in fluorescence patterning, textile integration, and solvent detection.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
·
生物工程
·
光学材料
·
纳米技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2019
·Vol. 7
·期 21
·13180-13187
·
IF 10.733
Sunxian Yan,Delong Hou,Gaofu Yang,Siyu Pan,Qiuping Xie,Qi Zeng,Zhonghui Wang,Yi Chen,Haojun Fan
Recently, a few strategies have emerged to synthesize two-dimensional (2D) polymers comprising laterally connected areal monomeric units that extend in two orthogonal directions. Despite such progress, rational design of non-persistent 2D polymers that require neither harsh conditions nor extra chemicals to dissociate, thus imposing a potentially diminished environmental burden, remains a challenge. Here, we report a mechanically new strategy that enables formation and dissociation of a 2D supramolecular polymer sheet in response to light. The constituent monomers are cucurbit[6]urilSP, an engineered cavitand bearing multiple photochromic spiropyran (SP) moieties at its periphery. When irradiated with UV light, the SP isomerizes into zwitterionic merocyanine (MC), affording a single-cucurbit[6]uril-thick polymer sheet in the presence of Ca2+via multiple in-plane inter-monomeric MC⋯Ca2+⋯MC bridges. The free-standing polymer is stable in the dark, but dissociates into oligomers upon exposure to visible light as the peripheral MC isomerizes back to SP. Since light is a noninvasive and environmentally benign stimulus with high spatiotemporal solution, the rationale underlying the present effort may point the way towards new 2D polymers that are non-persistent to avoid repeating the accumulation problem now haunting conventional linear polymers, thus bringing this emerging material one step closer to sustainability.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
·
2014
·Vol. 21
·期 11
·1-7
·
IF 1.897
Bao Li-hong,Sun Jia-xun,Li Qing
Waterborne polyurethane containing spiropyran groups(SPU) has been prepared by polycondensation of isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polytetrahydrofuran glycol (PTMG), dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA), 1,4-butanediol (BD), trimethylolpropane (TMP) and 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-3,3-dimethylindolino-6′-nitrobenzopyrylospiran(SP). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Scanning electron microscope (SEM) were utilized to characterize SPU films for their chemical structure, thermal stability, microscopic structure. The kinetics of photochromic behavior of SPU dispersion and film has also been investigated. The dispersion and film showed a very good photochromic effect. The decoloration rate of the SPU dispersion and film follow the kinetic of a first order reaction. The fatigue resistance of SPU film is better than that of its dispersion.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH
·
2017
·Vol. 19
·期 8
·1-7
·
IF 2.02
Liao Bo,Lv Han,Deng Xiaoting,He Benqiao,Liu Qingquan
Spiropyran-modified silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) were successfully fabricated through covalently linking the aminated Si QDs and spiropyrans. In comparison with Si QDs, the fluorescence emission peaks of the Si QDs in the spiropyran-modified Si QDs always locate at 525 nm irrespective of the excitation wavelengths. The spiropyran-modified Si QDs showed reversible photoluminescence. Blue-green fluorescence of the spiropyran-modified Si QDs could be gradually switched off, and red fluorescence could be gradually switched on with UV irradiation. The process could be reversible with visible light irradiation. The reversibly switchable photoluminescence of the spiropyran-modified Si QDs using UV and visible light irradiation could also be multiply repeated with good stability. Therefore, the spiropyran-modified Si QDs could be a promising candidate in many potential application areas such as photo-switch, data storage, and biolabeling and bioimaging.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物医学工程
·
光学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nanoscale
·
2015
·Vol. 7
·期 40
·16737-16743
·
IF 7.394
Zhixiong Li,Ruizheng Liang,Wendi Liu,Dongpeng Yan,Min Wei
Stimuli-responsive fluorescent switches have shown broad applications in optical devices, biological materials and intelligent responses. Herein, we describe the design and fabrication of a dual-stimuli-responsive fluorescent switch ultrathin film (UTF) via a three-step layer-by-layer (LBL) technique: (i) encapsulation of spiropyran (SP) within an amphiphilic block copolymer (PTBEM) to give the (SP@PTBEM) micelle; (ii) the mixture of riboflavin (Rf) and poly(styrene 4-sulfonate) (PSS) to enhance the adhesion ability of small molecules; (iii) assembly of negatively charged SP@PTBEM and Rf–PSS with cationic layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoplatelets to obtain the (Rf–PSS/LDH/SP@PTBEM)n UTFs (n: bilayer number). The assembly process of the UTFs and their luminescence properties, as monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), present a uniform and ordered layered structure with stepwise growth. The resulting Rf–PSS/LDH/SP@PTBEM UTF serves as a three-state switchable multicolor (green, yellow, and red) luminescent system based on stimulation from UV/Vis light and pH, with an acceptable reversibility. Therefore, this work provides a facile way to fabricate stimuli-responsive solid-state film switches with tunable-color luminescence, which have potential applications in the areas of displays, sensors, and rewritable optical memory and fluorescent logic devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学
·
生物材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）