COMPOSITES SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2017
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IF 4.873
Congmei Lin,Qiang Tian,Keping Chen,Guansong He,Jianhu Zhang,Shijun Liu,László Almásy
In this research, a group of segmented polyurethane (PU) copolymers with different hard segment (HS) contents were successfully synthesized. The microstructure of the PU copolymers was characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Then, the PU copolymers were selected as polymer binder for coating an insensitive high explosive 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) to prepare polymer bonded explosives (PBXs). When the HS concentration of PU copolymers increased from 14 to 34 wt %, a 14.6 times increase in the creep rupture time of PBXs under 60 °C/3 MPa and a 52.3% decrease in the steady-state creep strain rate under 60 °C/1 MPa were observed. The experimental results indicated that a wide variety of structure and properties of PU copolymer could be customizable through the adjustment of the HS contents, and consequently, provided an efficient route to tune the creep performance of the PBXs over a wide range.
研究领域:
材料科学
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爆炸物工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
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2022
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IF 9.965
Jianhui Jia,Jian-Bo Chen,Jianglong Du,Cheng Lian,Silong Xu,Honglai Liu,Shichun Li,Yu Liu
Strongly hydrogen-bonded compounds such as 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6‑trinitrobenzene (TATB, an important insensitive high explosive) have excellent stability, but poor solubilities to limit their recrystallization, purification and recycling. In this study, core–shell clusters based on symmetrical tetra- n -alkylammonium [TTA] + are designed to provide an inner cavity to incorporate TATB , and thus the clusters can separate TATB from original hydrogen-bonded networks to increase largely the solubility. Based on this design, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on [TTA] + cations are first developed to yield self-assembled core–shell clusters for solubilizing TATB. Ninety-nine DESs based on [TTA] + were prepared by combining with halide ions and hydrogen bond donors, and TATB’s solubility increases with the formation of core–shell clusters. Tetrabutyl ammonium ([TBA] + )-based DES (CS-1) displays excellent dissolution toward TATB. Room-temperature solubility of TATB in CS-1 with 32.88 mg/mL is about 10 times higher than recently reported ionic liquids and approximately 470 times higher than DMSO . Compared to traditional solvents, CS-1 shows economical and high dissolution ability toward TATB. The dissolution mechanism is demonstrated by experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations. After forming Zundel-type complexes between TATB and F - , the complexes as the core are surrounded by [TBA] + as the shell to yield core–shell clusters through self-assembly of electrostatic interaction .
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2024
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IF 13.3
Xuan Liu,Lixia Yang,Rao Chen,Mei Han,Chaoqun Yao,Guangwen Chen
1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) is an essential insensitive energetic material. The alkylation of 1,3,5-trihydroxy-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (Trinitrophloroglucinol, TNPG), which yields 1,3,5-triethoxy-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TETNB), is a pivotal step for the synthesis of TATB. The conventional synthetic process has suffered from long reaction time (∼165 min), intricate procedures, and intensive evaporation of a large number of volatile by-products, which increases the risk of spill and eruption of the reaction system, and necessitates in situ continuous gas–liquid separation. A new process for continuous alkylation in microreactors was proposed in this study. Firstly, a parametric investigation in the batch reactor was performed to explore the effects of various process parameters on the yields, resulting in the optimal experimental conditions, i.e., no reflux condensation, triethyl orthoformate (TEOF) as alkylation reagent, molar ratio of 12, reaction temperature of 120 °C and reaction time of 40 min. Subsequent continuous synthesis in microreactors was conducted, which realized the convenient process operation and no need of gas–liquid separation, leading to substantial improvement in the reaction efficiency and safety. Remarkably, within a packed microreactor, under the reaction temperature of 130 °C and residence time of 3 min, 99.24 % in the yield of TETNB was achieved. Comparing with conventional batch reactors, the required reaction time was reduced to approximately 1/50. Taking the advantages of precise control of temperature and reaction time in the microreactors, the kinetics of alkylation reaction were determined. This innovative approach of continuous synthesis can provide an efficient and alternative route for the synthesis of TATB, as well as other energetic materials and similar processes.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FirePhysChem
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2022
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IF 0
Song Zhang,Lewu Zhan,Yifan Zhang,Jing Hou,Bindong Li
Recently, microfluidic technology has been widely applied to the preparation of nano-energetic materials. The mixing efficiency of fluid is one of the significant factors which could affect the particle size and particle size distribution (PSD) of products. In this report, a novel strategy to enhance the mixing performance of fluid is developed by combining continuous flow microfluidic and resonant acoustic mixing (RAM) technologies. The results of the fluid visualization and 3D-Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation showed that the new continuous flow resonance acoustic mixing (CFRAM) technology has better mixing efficiency than the traditional microfluidic approach. To demonstrate the utility of this CFRAM technology, it was implemented in the continuous preparation of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) nanoparticles. Compared with previous reported results, nano TATB prepared by CFRAM technology has a smaller average particle size ( D 50 = 50.8 nm) and a narrower particle size distribution ( D 10 = 33.0 nm; D 90 = 69.6 nm). The XRD spectrum shows that the crystal structure of nano TATB has not changed. DSC test results show that the apparent activation energy of nano TATB is 177.8 kJ/mol, which is 6.5 kJ/mol lower than the raw TATB, and has good thermal stability. We expect that this strategy may open a new avenue for the efficient preparation of nano energetic materials with narrow PSD.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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纳米技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
TALANTA
·
2021
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IF 6.057
Jing Yan,Jingfei Zhang,Min Zhang,Guoyue Shi
Antibiotic residues in aquatic environments have attracted wide attention. Considering the impacts on the ecosystem and human health, it is urgent to develop a rapid method for detecting antibiotic residues in the environment. In this work, a nanoscale lanthanide metal-organic framework Eu(TATB) with a stable red luminescence in aqueous solution is synthesized by the microemulsion method. Sulfamethazine (SMZ) is frequently most used in veterinary medicine as one of sulfonamides. Eu(TATB) can be used for sensitively and rapidly specific recognition of SMZ with low detection limit (0.67 μM) and eminent recyclability. In addition, a paper-based visual system for point-of-care (POC) monitoring SMZ is devised by both using filter paper embedded with Eu(TATB) and our developed portable smartphone-involved imaging cassette. The naked eyes can observe that the red luminescence of the paper sensor gradually fades away at the presence of SMZ. This provides a reliable and effective method for on-site detection of sulfonamide antibiotics in the field of environmental monitoring.
研究领域:
环境科学
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分析化学
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材料科学
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生物技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2021
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IF 13.273
Yana Zhang,Jiaoyang Chen,Guangpu Zhang,Jianqiang Xv,Jianhua Xv,Yubing Hu,Hu Guo,Fan guo,JiaJun Fu,Wei Jiang
Self-healing materials are used in various applications because of their capacity to prolong the material’s longevity and durability. Several important properties, including high adhesion force to various surfaces and mechanical robustness have the potential to further expand their application in various fields. In this study, we designed an energy-containing and high-adhesion elastomer (3,5-BTP-PDMS-4), which was fabricated via the click polymerization, that could self-heal at −20 °C. The prepared polymer adhesive exhibited prominent mechanical strength with a high Young’s modulus of up to 17.91 MPa. The material also showed that it could autonomously and completely self-heal and restore its mechanical properties within 6 h at room temperature when the 3,5-BTP-PDMS-4 sample was cut into two separate pieces. Moreover, this material was found to possess a high adhesion force of up to 1.65 MPa on steel, which increased when the temperature was reduced. Furthermore, we prepared TATB-based PBXs using 3,5-BTP-PDMS-4 as a binder because of its energy-containing property and excellent self-healing properties to heal cracks generated during fabrication, transportation and storage. Surprisingly, the TATB-based PBXs achieved complete self-healing at 0 °C and partial self-healing at −20 °C, although the low plastic explosive crystals were detrimental to the material’s self-healing properties. The successful development of a polymer adhesive that has a high-Young’s modulus and can autonomously and completely self-heal could help expand its applications with enhanced versatility in several fields, including military and civil applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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聚合物科学
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能量材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
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2023
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IF 6
Wangjian Cheng,Dongjie Liao,Chenhe Feng,Fubing Gao,Minjie Li,Xiawei Zhang,Lingyu Deng,Chuanhao Xu,Baoyun Ye,Chongwei An
Adhesives with exceptional toughness and self-healing properties are vital for the practical application of energetic composite materials (ECMs). However, the majority of self-healing polymers used in ECMs lack sufficient toughness. In this study, we address this challenge by incorporating asymmetric alicyclic and bent biphenyl ring structures into the hard domain units of polymers. The synthesized PUDS-3 films exhibit a remarkable toughness of up to 20.93 MJ·m −3 , recovering over 90% of this toughness within just 20 min after a complete fracture. This behavior results from the synergistic interaction between dynamic disulfide and hydrogen-bonding mechanisms during the restructuring process. Furthermore, elevated temperatures led to a rapid decrease in the relaxation modulus and characteristic relaxation time of the PUDS samples, effectively accelerating crack healing. Both experimental measurements and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that a higher hard segment content in the adhesive corresponded to increased strength in the interfacial interaction with 1,3,5-trinitro-2,4,6-triaminobenzene (TATB). Upon accidental mechanical damage, the cracked ECMs displayed significant and efficient self-healing capabilities within 24 h at 60 °C. The utilization of these self-healing and highly toughness adhesives hold promising prospects for enhancing the safety and longevity of ECMs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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聚合物科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）