SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2017
·
IF 3.359
Chuanlin Fan,Haitao Yang,Qingshan Zhu
Given the strong demands for high purity vanadium products dedicated for all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), numerous preparation technologies have been developed. One of them, the chloride process that using vanadium oxytrichloride (VOCl 3 ) as purification intermediate presents distinct technical advantages. The intermediate is readily purified via distillation process to remove most of the impurities. However, the trace titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 ) is difficult to be removed, due to close saturated vapor pressures. In present work, based on thermodynamic calculation and analyses, we found that TiCl 4 reacts with water significant preferentially to form the corresponding oxide, compared with VOCl 3 . Then we proposed a novel method to remove trace TiCl 4 from VOCl 3 by selective hydrolysis – distillation. The related experiments were conducted and validated the feasibility of the innovative process. Vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) with purity higher than 99.99 wt% (4N) was further prepared from the purified VOCl 3 by precipitation – calcination .
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
Molecular Catalysis
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2020
·
IF 3.687
Wei Peng,Jianmei Xie,Junying Zhang,Xia Yang,Aihua He
The isoprene polymerization kinetics by using TiCl 4 /MgCl 2 type Ziegler-Natta catalysts (TMC) with different titanium contents were studied for better understanding the possible active-specie structures of heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta (Z-N) catalysts for conjugated diene polymerizations. The catalytic features including the catalytic activity (CA), number of active centers ([C*]/[Ti]), rate constant for polymerization (k p ), stereoregularity of these TMC catalysts were studied. The low titanium content catalyst TMC-1 (Ti = 0.09 wt.%) with more isolated mononuclear titanium species showed higher CA and yielded cis-1,4-/trans-1,4- mixed microstructure polyisoprene with low molecular weight ( M w ) in the initial polymerization stage. The medium high titanium content catalyst TMC-2 (Ti = 2.38 wt.%) with more clustered mononuclear titanium species showed lower CA and yielded cis-1,4-/trans-1,4- mixed microstructure polyisoprene with high M w in the early stage of polymerization. The high titanium content catalyst TMC-3 (Ti = 3.76 wt.%) presented lowest CA and yielded high trans-1,4- polyisoprene with higher M w .
研究领域:
高分子化学
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催化化学
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聚合物合成
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材料科学
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配位聚合
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY
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2014
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IF 2.2
Min Xi,Yulan Zhang,Lizhen Long,Xinjun Li
Rutile TiO 2 nanorod arrays (TNRs) were achieved by hydrothermal process on TiCl 4 pretreated Ti foil. Subsequently, TNRs were hydrothermally etched in HCl solution to form hollow TiO 2 nanorod arrays (H-TNRs). The TiCl 4 pretreatment plays key roles in enhancement of Ti foil corrosion resistance ability and crystal nucleation introduction for TNRs growth. TNRs with desired morphology can be obtained by controlling TiCl 4 concentration and the amount of tetrabutyl titanate (TTB) accordingly. TNRs with the length of ~1.5 μm and diameter of ~200 nm, obtained on 0.15 M TiCl 4 pretreated Ti foil with 0.6 mL TTB, exhibits relatively higher photocurrent . The increased pore volume of the H-TNRs has contributed to the increased surface area which is benefit for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) application. And the 180 °C-H-TNRs photoanode obtained from the 0.15-TiCl 4 -TNRs sample demonstrated 128.9% enhancement of photoelectric efficiency of DSSC compared to that of the original TNR photoanode.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源科学
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DOI
高影响因子
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
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2017
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IF 4.798
Fengyan Xie,Yafeng Li,Tingting Xiao,Deli Shen,Mingdeng Wei
Highly crystalline BaSnO 3 nanoparticles were synthesized via a facile water bath method, and were characterized with XRD, SEM and TEM. A double-treatment method (chemical-bath deposition method and TiCl 4 treatment method) was first applied to improve the performance of the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on BaSnO 3 photoanode film. EIS , OCVD , and IMPS/IMVS results suggested that the enhanced electron transport rate and prolonged electron lifetime lead to a dramatically improve photovoltaic efficiency of cells in response to CBD and TiCl 4 treatment. Consequently, an enhancement of 21.7% and 32.0% was obtained after CBD surface treatment and further TiCl 4 treatment in comparison to cells without treatment, respectively. The highest efficiency of 5.18% was finally obtained after optimizing all conditions.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源科学
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DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
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2019
·Vol. 9
·期 31
·17941-17949
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IF 3.049
Xinxin Li,Hebang Shi,Bo Wang,Na Li,Liqiang Zhang,Pengpeng Lv
Surface coating of metal oxides is an effective approach for enhancing the capacity retention of a nickel-rich layered cathode. Current conventional coating techniques including wet chemistry methods and atomic layer deposition are restricted by the difficulty in perfectly balancing the coating quality and scale-up production. Herein, a highly efficient TiO2 coating route through fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD) was proposed to enable scalable and high yield synthesis of a TiO2 coated nickel-rich cathode. The technological parameters including coating time and TiCl4 supply rate were systematically studied, and thus a utility TiO2 deposition rate model was deduced, promoting the controllable TiO2 coating. The FBCVD TiO2 deposition mechanism was fundamentally analyzed based on the TiCl4 hydrolysis principle. The amorphous and uniform TiO2 coating layer is compactly attached on the particle surface, forming a classical core–shell structure. Electrochemical evaluations reveal that the TiO2 coating by FBCVD route indeed improves the capacity retention from 89.08% to 95.89% after 50 cycles.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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能源技术
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DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
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2019
·Vol. 11
·期 12
·2121
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IF 3.164
Yulong Jin,Liang Chen,Xing Guo,Linfeng Xu,Zhihua Zhu,Zhen Liu,Ruihua Cheng,Boping Liu
A complexed initiating system AlCl3·phenetole/TiCl4·H2O was prepared by simply compounding AlCl3/phenetole and TiCl4/H2O and used for cationic polymerization of isobutylene. It was found AlCl3·phenetole/TiCl4·H2O exhibited activities 1.2–3 times higher than those of AlCl3/phenetole, and more than an order of magnitude higher than those of TiCl4/H2O, which indicated a notable synergistic effect produced in the complexed system. In addition, due to the higher activity of AlCl3·phenetole/TiCl4·H2O, lower coinitiator concentration and polymerization temperature, as well as higher monomer concentration were more favored for this complexed initiating system to produce polyisobutylene (PIB) with reasonable molecular weight (Mw) and molecular weight distribution (MWD). Furthermore, high molecular weight polyisobutylene (HPIB) with Mw= 1–3 × 105g·mol−1could be successfully produced by the complexed catalyst system at Tp= −60 to −40 °C. As a whole, the high activity as well as the simple preparation procedures of the complexed initiating system offer us a unique approach for the production of HPIB with improved efficiency.
研究领域:
高分子化学
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材料科学
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催化
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DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2026
·Vol. 19
·期 5
·
IF 3.7
Jiazhen Qiu,Xin Tian,Kaihua Li,Jiangqi Zhao,Shiqing Tian,Jinsong Liu,Xin Yang,Jun Li,Ying Liu
The purity of titanium sponge is crucial for determining the performance of final titanium alloys, underscoring the importance of impurity control in its precursor, TiCl4. Among these impurities, VOCl3is particularly challenging to remove due to its similar boiling point and complete miscibility with TiCl4. Although organic reagents are widely employed for vanadium removal, their complex compositions complicate the identification of key active components. This study systematically compares the vanadium removal efficiency of six organic compounds bearing different functional groups. Results demonstrate that 1-dodecene exhibits superior performance, achieving a VOCl3removal efficiency of 93.35%. Mechanistic studies reveal that 1-dodecene initially undergoes cyclization to form cyclododecane, followed by aromatization and subsequent carbonization through stacking, dehydrogenation, and coking, ultimately yielding partially graphitized amorphous carbon. In this process, VOCl3interacts not only with the incompletely carbonized organic precursor but also directly with the alkenes. These findings elucidate the reaction pathway and central role of linear α-alkenes in vanadium removal, providing a theoretical foundation for developing efficient and stable vanadium removal agents.
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