Advanced Optical Materials
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2021
·Vol. 9
·期 8
·2002065
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IF 9.926
Qi Liu,Zhao-Yang Feng,Hong Li,Qing Zhao,Naoto Shirahata,Yoshihiro Kuroiwa,Chikako Moriyoshi,Chang-Kui Duan,Hong-Tao Sun
Long persistent phosphors (LPPs) have drawn tremendous research interest owing to their mysterious optical phenomena and widespread applications. LPPs in the ultraviolet-C (UVC, 200–280 nm) spectral range particularly hold promise in terms of sterilization, drug release, and cancer therapy. However, all reported UVC LPPs have so far relied on the use of Pr 3+ as the emitter, resulting in a limited scope of such phosphors. Here, a new concept for designing UVC LPPs is proposed, leading to the birth of the first non-rare-earth phosphor (YPO 4 :Bi 3+ ) with a UVC afterglow duration of more than 2 h. Experimental characterizations including thermoluminescence spectra and high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction, coupled with first-principles calculations, reveal that various intrinsic defects in YPO 4 , such as Y vacancies and Y–O vacancy complexes, serve as hole traps to capture and store a large number of holes created by X-ray irradiation, while Bi 3+ ions can trap thermalized electrons. This work highlights the key role of Bi 3+ ions in mediating energy storage and release in persistent phosphors by acting as both electron traps and emitters, and thus offers new opportunities for rationally designing non-RE-activated UVC LPPs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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光子学
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固态化学
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光学材料
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长余辉发光
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DOI
高影响因子
Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers
·
2025
·
IF 6.4
Xihui Shan,Yi Zhang,Xulong Lv,Yanjie Liang
Far ultraviolet-C (far-UVC; 200–230 nm) luminescent materials have garnered significant interest in recent years, driven by the growing demands for applications such as disinfection and solar-blind imaging due to their distinct wavelength features. However, the research and development of far-UVC persistent phosphors are lacking. Here, we report the realization of far-UVC persistent luminescence in CaSO4:Pr3+ and CaSO4:Pb2+ phosphors, which show emissions peaking at 220 nm and 230 nm with a long persistence time of >24 h after ceasing X-ray excitation. This is by far the shortest UVC afterglow emission to the best of our knowledge. The far-UVC afterglow from the charged phosphors can be readily detected by a solar-blind UV camera in both indoor-lighting and outdoor environments owing to the absence of background noise from ambient light. The continuous photostimulation of indoor white LED light and outdoor sunlight has different impact on the far-UVC afterglow performance of CaSO4:Pr3+ and CaSO4:Pb2+ phosphors, which is elucidated by the decay time-dependent thermoluminescence (TL) curves in different light conditions. This study expands the field of persistent luminescence to the far-UVC spectral region and will inspire the discovery of more excellent far-UVC persistent phosphors.
研究领域:
材料科学
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光学
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高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2026
·Vol. 14
·期 2
·121702
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IF 7.5
Yingdong Li,Fengrun Wu,Min Zhao,Shengqi Zhang,Yida Huang,Dailin Li,Qingen Zhou,Lei Wang
With the expansion of marine aquaculture, the use of various oxidative processes in seawater systems rich in bromide ions has led to the production of bromate as a harmful byproduct. This study investigated the UV 222 /HCOO − for efficient bromate removal in marine aquaculture water. The UV 222 /HCOO − demonstrated 81 % bromate removal at a UV dose of 3180 mJ cm −2 , significantly outperforming UV 254 /HCOO − . This is attributed to the higher molar absorption coefficients of bromate (ε 222 = 395 M −1 cm −1 ) and HCOO − (ε 222 = 14 M −1 cm −1 ) at 222 nm compared to 254 nm. Carbon dioxide radical (CO 2 • − ) was the primary reactive species in bromate reduction, with hydroxyl radical ( • OH) also contributing to the process. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to verify the reduction mechanism of bromate, and the deduction of transition states and electron transfer processes confirmed the rationality of the mechanism. Optimal bromate reduction efficiency was achieved with an initial HCOO − concentration of 0.1 mM. The reaction rate is inversely proportional to the pH value. Perhaps the distribution of HCOO − forms has altered the reduction reaction rate. Bicarbonate, nitrate, and nitrite anions inhibit the reaction, unlike chloride and sulfate. Dissolved oxygen has no significant effect and better than traditional methods. In practical applications, UV 222 /HCOO − highlights efficient reduction, while in actual water systems rich in TOC and inorganic anions, UV 222 /C 2 O 4 2− exhibits stable performance, which may become an alternative solution to UV 222 /HCOO −
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Desalination and Water Treatment
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2024
·
IF 1
Luojing Xiang,Xu Zhang
Ultraviolet-C (UVC; 254 nm) photolysis was applied to achieve simultaneous removal of phenanthrene and recovery of the extraction ability of cyclodextrin (CD) in soil washing solutions. β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) were found to have comparable abilities to solubilize phenanthrene in aqueous solutions and extract phenanthrene from spiked agricultural soil or kaolinite. Only loosely bound phenanthrene is extractable to CDs, and approximately 30% of initially spiked phenanthrene is non-extractable. β-CD and HPCD showed comparable retardation effects on the UVC photolysis of phenanthrene, and HPCD was more persistent than β-CD during UVC photolysis of soil extraction solutions. After three extraction–UVC photolysis cycles, the extraction efficiency of the regenerated β-CD and HPCD solutions were 77% and 93% of the corresponding fresh CD solutions. In contrast, the apparent photolysis kinetic constant of phenanthrene in regenerated HPCD extraction solutions decreased significantly more than that in regenerated β-CD extraction solutions. 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone and its hydroxylation derivate, and three other oxygenated products were the detected intermediates that were generated during the UVC photolysis of phenanthrene, and CD or leached soil organic matter did not alter the degradation pathway. A combination of enhanced extraction and UVC photolysis is a promising method for treatment of extraction solutions from soil contaminated by phenanthrene or other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
研究领域:
环境科学
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土壤修复
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光化学
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污染物降解
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废水处理
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高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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2018
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IF 6.653
Guoyang Zhang,Shijie Wei,Bingdang Wu,Zhihao Chen,Shujuan Zhang
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is widely used in radiation-chemistry and photochemistry as a scavenger to convert a hydrated electron (eaq–) into a hydroxyl radical (·OH). However, few investigations pay attention to the photochemistry of dissolved N2O itself. The effects of purged N2O on photochemical processes are unclear and neglected. In the present work, the effects of N2O on the hydroxylation of terephthalic acid (TPA) were investigated with both medium-pressure and low-pressure mercury lamps as the light sources. Under short-wavelength UV (200–300 nm) irradiation, N2O accelerated the decay of TPA and the formation of 2-hydroxylterephthalic acid (hTPA). The effective quantum yield of ·OH from the photolysis of dissolved N2O at 254 nm was determined as 1.15–1.63, which was far larger than those of NO3– (0.09) and NO2– (0.046). On the basis of the kinetic analysis in N2 and N2O purged solutions, isotope fractionation with heavy oxygen water, and ·OH scavenging experiments with tert-butyl alcohol, the contribution of the ·OH radicals generated from the photolysis of N2O to the formation of hTPA (61.7%) was determined to be 1 order of magnitude higher than that from the converted eaq– (6.5%). These results demonstrate that using N2O and ·OH probes to quantify photogenerated eaq– in UVC irradiation might lead to false results. The work here is helpful for the proper design of scavenging and probing experiments by the combination of N2O and ·OH probes.
研究领域:
光化学
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辐射化学
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环境科学
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分析化学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
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2026
·
IF 9.1
Di Wu,Kun Lu,Yanbang Ku,Zhen Guo,Wenyu Wang,Jinjun Li,Feng Wu
Methyl mercaptan (MeSH) is a highly odorous sulfur-containing volatile organic compound (VOC) whose gas-phase photochemical removal is constrained by mass transfer, incomplete oxidation, and unstable by-products. Herein, a sulfite/UVC-driven continuous wet-scrubbing advanced oxidation process (Al 2 CuO 4 -S(IV)/UVC) was developed for MeSH removal, in which CaSO 3 served as the slow-release S(IV) source and Al 2 CuO 4 functioned as a dual-pathway initiator under UVC irradiation. Under optimized conditions (0.20 g L −1 Al 2 CuO 4 , 4 mM CaSO 3 , pH 7.0), the system achieved complete MeSH removal within approximately the first 100 min and maintained >90.0% removal over the remaining 380 min of the whole operation, with robust adaptability to variations in pH, inlet concentration, and reagent dosage. Meanwhile, Al 2 CuO 4 facilitated both efficient S(IV) autoxidation under UVC irradiation and a continuous supply of reactive species via the Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox cycle. Mechanistic investigations based on quenching tests, ESR radical trapping, and sulfur-speciation analysis clarified the distinct roles and generation pathways of SO 5 •− /SO 4 •− and • OH. The system further retained >90.0% MeSH removal with sequential addition of S(IV) over 1920 min treatment, demonstrating its feasibility for continuous wet-scrubbing operation. Overall, the Al 2 CuO 4 -S(IV)/UVC wet-scrubbing process provides a promising platform for coupling gas absorption with in situ oxidation, highlighting its potential for the intensified purification of VOCs.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN
·
2019
·
IF 3.073
Wei Chen,Jiujing Peng,Bin Du,Liangqian Fan,Hongbing Luo,Yanbo Lu,Keqin Feng,Huaili Zheng
In this work, a hydrophobically modified cationic polyacrylamide (CPAC) flocculant was polymerized by short-wave ultraviolet (UVC) initiation with acrylamide, acryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride, and coconut diethanolamide (CDEA) as monomers to enhance the destabilization and separation efficiency of emulsified oil and particles/colloids from metalworking fluids wastewater (MWFs). The parameters for flocculant polymerization were optimized, and the features of UVC-initiated polymerization were studied. Moreover, the structural and morphological characteristics of the polymers were explored, and the flocculation performance of CPAC in MWFs treatment was evaluated. The characterization results suggested that flocculants with a multilayer, loose-sheet morphology and intrinsic viscosity of 11.32 dL g −1 could be successfully polymerized by UVC-initiated polymerization. Compared with traditional UV, UVC irradiation initiation promoted the copolymerization of flocculants with a high monomer conversion rate and intrinsic viscosity. We observed the low dosage requirement and acid resistance of the flocculant synthesized by UVC-initiated polymerization, which produced the lowest residual turbidity, highest chemical oxygen demand, and most efficient oil removal during MWFs treatment among the samples studied. Besides charge neutralization and bridging effects, the adsorption effect between hydrophobic CDEA blocks and nonpolar oil/colloids facilitated the formation of microflocs and improved the flocculation efficiency of the flocculant.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
高分子化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Water Process Engineering
·
2026
·
IF 6.6
Shiyu Ge,Yanbang Ku,Wenyu Wang,Jing Xu,Feng Wu
Rapid defluorination of TFA in water is achieved using the anoxic UVC/S(IV) system. • UVC-induced S(IV) photoactivation generates hydrated electrons for C–F bond cleavage. • Key operational parameters for the defluorination process are optimized. • Kinetic simulation verifies stepwise hydrated-electron-mediated defluorination pathway. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), a representative ultrashort-chain PFAS, is highly mobile, persistent, and difficult to remove by conventional water treatment. In this study, an anoxic UVC/S(IV) system was developed for rapid TFA defluorination through sulfite photoactivation and hydrated-electron-induced C–F bond cleavage. The individual roles of UVC irradiation, sulfite, and dissolved oxygen (DO) were first examined, followed by evaluation of operating factors and water-matrix components. Negligible defluorination occurred with UVC or sulfite alone, whereas their combination induced rapid fluoride release, confirming the essential role of sulfite photoactivation. DO strongly inhibited defluorination by scavenging hydrated electrons, indicating that oxygen exclusion is necessary. Under baseline conditions of pH 11, 20 mM sulfite, and 0.2 mM TFA, approximately 90% defluorination was achieved within 30 min. Temperature, pH, sulfite concentration, and photon flux were the main factors governing fluoride release. Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , NO 3 − , and humic acid markedly inhibited TFA defluorination, while Na + , K + , Cl − , and SO 4 2− showed little effect. A kinetic model incorporating sulfite photoactivation, hydrated-electron reactions, stepwise defluorination, and S(IV) depletion reproduced the experimental trends. Overall, this work clarifies the operating conditions and matrix limitations of an anoxic UVC/S(IV) process for TFA defluorination. Download: Download high-res image (261KB) Download: Download full-size image
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ACS ES&T Water
·
2026
·
IF 4.5
Xin Mao,Jiaqi Chang,Nan Li,Bin Liu,Shan Niu,Qianxin Zhang,Chunzhao Chen,Lin Deng,Bing Zhang
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), with high toxicity and resistance to degradation, has been widely detected in various wastewaters, posing a potential threat to environmental health. This study found that far-ultraviolet light (UV222) markedly enhanced the mineralization rates of PFOA in secondary effluent by driving the silver oxide (Ag2O)/peroxymonosulfate (PMS) system. The photocatalysis in Ag2O, radiation activation of PMS by the high photon energy of UV222, activation of PMS by Ag2O, and Ag2+ formation by electron transfer formed multiple pathways for radical generation. Characterization results indicated that UV222 inhibited the transformation of Ag+ crystal structures, enabling stable cycling between Ag/Ag+/Ag2+ states. Degradation product analysis and ECOSAR assessment revealed that the majority of PFOA was degraded into small-molecule products, thereby reducing the ecological toxicity risk. The free radical pathway, primarily utilizing sulfate radicals as the active species, serves as the main mechanism for defluorinating PFOA. This system successfully overcame the limitations associated with the Fenton-like process, including pH constraints, elevated oxidant doses, and ionic interference, while also demonstrating notable antibacterial performance and detoxification capabilities. These findings enhance the understanding of UV222-driven technologies and offer an efficient and sustainable strategy for the treatment of PFASs.
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高影响因子
Advanced Optical Materials
·
2019
·Vol. 8
·期 4
·1901727
·
IF 7.125
Hong Li,Qi Liu,Ju-Ping Ma,Zhao-Yang Feng,Jian-Dang Liu,Qing Zhao,Yoshihiro Kuroiwa,Chikako Moriyoshi,Bang-Jiao Ye,Jun-Ying Zhang,Chang-Kui Duan,Hong-Tao Sun
Long persistent phosphors (LPPs) have attracted enduring attention owing to their wide applications. However, the discovery of LPPs is thus far largely the results of trial and error. Here, theory-guided defect tuning through topochemical reactions is demonstrated for accelerated discovery of emerging LPPs. First-principles calculations are employed to identify the thermodynamic charge-transition levels of different defect states, which help examine whether the candidate structure is a suitable host for afterglow. Rationally tuning the species and concentrations of defects through topochemical reactions is then illustrated, which leads to discovery of Pr 3+ -doped LaPO 4 featuring ultraviolet C afterglow with a lasting time of over 2 h. Such a strategy, in conjunction with advanced characterizations including high-resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance, suggests a radical-involved afterglow mechanism. Importantly, it is illustrated that this concept can be extended for the discovery of more LPPs. It is suggested that theory-guided defect engineering enabled by topochemical reactions can be used as a powerful tool to accelerate discovery of novel LPPs with much clearer afterglow mechanisms, with implications even for the design of other optoelectronic materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光学工程
·
理论计算
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高影响因子
Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
·
2026
·
IF 7.5
Jia-Jing Lyu,Qing Bai,Qian-Yuan Wu,Yu-Jia Nong,Mu-Da Han,Min-Yong Lee,Zhong-Quan Ren,Jiang-Lei Xiong,Wen-Long Wang
Far-UVC at 222 nm (UV 222 ) is a promising alternative of conventional 254 nm (UV 254 ) lamps for microorganism inactivation and recalcitrant pollutant removal. This study evaluates UV 222 combined with chlorine (HOCl/OCl⁻) for removing 1H-benzotriazole (BTZ), a widely used UV-absorber and anticorrosion agent ubiquitously detected in wastewater, surface water, and swimming pools. UV 222 achieved 1.4−21.7 times faster direct photolysis of BTZ compared to UV 254 , attributed to higher quantum yield (3.0−32.4 enhancement). UV 222 /chlorine demonstrated strong synergies (factors of 3.7–16.3 across pH 5.0–10.0), consistently outperforming UV 254 /chlorine by 1.09–2.02-fold. Kinetic modeling revealed that UV 222 generates reactive radicals more efficiently, with innate quantum yields for HOCl and OCl⁻ photolysis being 1.7-fold and 4.0-fold higher than UV 254 , respectively, resulting in elevated steady-state concentrations of • OH, Cl • , and ClO • . Reactive chlorine species contributed 47.5%–72.9% to BTZ degradation. Notably, under alkaline conditions where OCl⁻ dominates, UV 222 /chlorine showed substantially greater advantage over UV 254 /chlorine, as UV 222 appears to mitigate the marked reduction in OCl⁻ efficiency. In complex water matrices, nitrate (≥0.5 mM) acted as a photosensitizer, enhancing BTZ removal, while humic acid caused moderate inhibition (16.8%−44.0%). In tap water and secondary effluent, UV 222 /chlorine achieved 1.39–3.86 times higher degradation than in deionized water, with nitrate-driven radical generation outweighing natural organic matter inhibition. Importantly, UV 222 /chlorine produced 23% lower chlorinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and 17% lower toxicity-index than UV 254 /chlorine, demonstrating its potential as an alternative of UV 254 -driven oxidation process.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
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2026
·
IF 7.1
Cong Geng,Xue Yang,Shengnan Chen,Zhiwei Zhao,Yinyan Guan,Weichun Gao,Jiyan Liang,Chen Yuan,Xiaofeng Chen
In recent years, the pervasive presence of antibiotics in surface water and their potential ecological risks have garnered significant attention. The advanced oxidation system of a dual-wavelength UV (VUV/UVC) synergistic peroxymonosulfate (PMS) has been employed as a potential technology for removing organic pollutants from water. The VUV/UVC/PMS process entails the irradiation of PMS with VUV (185 nm) and UVC (254 nm) to concurrently generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH), sulfate radicals (SO 4 ·- ), and singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ). This process has markedly enhanced pefloxacin (PEF) and levofloxacin (LEV) degradation efficiency. The experimental findings suggest that the VUV/UVC/PMS system attains optimal degradation of PEF and LEV under conditions of low initial PEF and LEV concentrations, elevated initial PMS concentration, elevated reaction temperature, and an initial pH of 11. In this system, ·OH, SO 4 ·- , and 1 O 2 are the main active species responsible for the degradation of LEV, contributing 84.46%, 5.52%, and 7.98%, respectively. Through EEM spectra and high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, the degradation pathways of PEF and LEV were inferred, and the synergistic mechanism between VUV and PMS was revealed. A comparison of the individual processes with the VUV/UVC/PMS system showed a significant reduction in energy consumption, with PEF degradation energy consumption decreasing by 7.58%-41.87% and LEV degradation energy consumption decreasing by 2.7%-76.34%. The study indicates that the VUV/UVC/PMS system possesses the advantages of high efficiency, low energy consumption, and simple operation, making it a green and sustainable process for treating antibiotic pollution in surface water.
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高影响因子
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