JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH
·
2016
·Vol. 31
·期 8
·1065-1076
·
IF 1.579
Zhenguang Shen,Zengying Zhao,Jingwen Qian,Zhijian Peng,Xiuli Fu
Tungsten oxide (WO3−x) nanomaterials with controlled morphology and composition were fabricated by thermal evaporation of WO3 and S powders at different temperatures in a vacuum tube furnace. At 850 °C the obtained green particle is still of the same monoclinic WO3 phase as that of the starting powder. At a temperature between 900 and 1100 °C, the resultant dark-blue products are particle-like clusters composed of numerous monoclinic WO2.90 short nanorods, but the clusters became looser and the nanorods grew somewhat longer as the temperature increased. At a temperature between 1150 and 1250 °C, elongated and thoroughly separate purple-red monoclinic W18O49 nanorods were obtained. The growth of the prepared WO3−x nanomaterials was controlled by a gas–solid mechanism. Their photocatalytic degradation on organic contaminants was evaluated by decomposing methylene blue (MB) in aqueous phase under sunlight, in which WO3 particles presented higher photocatalytic activity than its oxygen-deficient counterparts, WO2.90 and W18O49. But the W18O49 nanorods had higher adsorption ability to MB in all the samples.
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2024
·
IF 5.5
Lirong Chen,Jieyuan Zheng,Xiaoli Chen,Yang Zheng,Xingru Wang,Rui Ge,Chengyu Jiang,Gang Xu,Liuwen Zhong,Yanqing Zhu,Xiudi Xiao
Response time (τ, defined as the time required for 90% change in the full transmittance modulation, including coloring time τ c and bleaching time τ b ) is an important evaluation index for the performance of electrochromic (EC) materials, and it can directly reflect the microscopic rate of EC process. However, the research on the internal relationship between the response time and the process of electrochemical dynamics is rare. Herein, by controlling the thickness of the WO 3-x EC film, a complete reversal of the response time (from τ c > τ b in the thinner film to τ b > τ c in the thicker film) is observed. Based on the detailed analysis of the characteristics presented in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), especially focusing on the changing trend about the arc of different frequency ranges and the slope value of the linear part, it can be found that this reversal is due to the change of the main dynamics process from surface capacitive-controlled to bulk diffusion-controlled with the increase of WO 3-x film thickness. Meanwhile, this change with obvious film thickness dependence requires a "trigger", which is reflected by the bleaching threshold potential. Besides, this study reveals the three stages of the EC coloring process from the perspective of dynamics, including the lithium-ions (Li-ions) adsorption charge layer, surface Faraday process, and bulk Faraday process, which also show significant film thickness dependence. The result of this work is beneficial to modulate the balance of response time and to improve the performance of EC films.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Likun Wang,Xuhui Yu,Xiaoyue Hao,Qingyin Di,Lukai Shen,Donghui Li
Tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) is a promising functional oxide for optoelectronic and photonic applications; however, simultaneously controlling its morphology and defect structure remains a significant challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a facile hydrothermal strategy to synthesize indium-doped WO 3-x nanostructures and systematically investigate the correlation between dopant concentration, morphological evolution, and photoluminescence (PL) properties. By tuning the In 3+ content from 0 to 20 at%, the morphology progressively transforms from slender nanowires to nanorods and finally nanosheets, accompanied by lattice distortion and defect generation. The optical bandgap decreases from 3.23 eV to 2.73 eV, while the PL emission intensity exhibits a remarkable non-monotonic increase, reaching a maximum enhancement of approximately 10-times at 15 at% In 3+ . This enhancement is attributed to the synergistic effects of defect-induced radiative recombination centers and morphology-optimized light–matter interactions. Our findings establish a clear structure–property relationship for In-doped WO 3-x nanostructures and provide new insights into defect and morphology engineering for advanced WO 3 -based optoelectronic and photonic devices.
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TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
·
2016
·
IF 1.34
Ya-hui YANG,Ren-rui XIE,Hang LI,Can-jun LIU,Wen-hua LIU,Fa-qi ZHAN
A novel WO 3– x /TiO 2 film as photoanode was synthesized for photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) reduction of CO 2 into formic acid (HCOOH). The films prepared by doctor blade method were characterized with X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The existence of oxygen vacancies in the WO 3– x was confirmed with an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the accurate oxygen index was determined by a modified potentiometric titrimetry method. After 3 h of photoelectrocatalytic reduction, the formic acid yield of the WO 3– x /TiO 2 film is 872 nmol/cm 2 , which is 1.83 times that of the WO 3 /TiO 2 film. The results of PEC performance demonstrate that the introduction of WO 3– x nanoparticles can improve the charge transfer performance so as to enhance the performance of PEC reduction of CO 2 into formic acid.
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Journal of Energy Chemistry
·
2024
·
IF 14
Zhijie Zhang,Xuesheng Wang,Junyi Qian,Jiayue Xu
Heterojunction construction, especially S-scheme heterojunction, represents an efficient universal strategy to achieve high-performance photocatalytic materials. For further performance stimulation of these well-designed heterojunctions, modulating the interfacial internal electric field (IEF) to steer dynamic charge transfer represents a promising approach. Herein, we realized the precise regulation of Fermi level ( E F ) of the oxidation semiconductor (mesoporous WO 3− x ) by tailoring the concentration of oxygen vacancies (V O ), maximizing the IEF intensity in Cs 2 CuBr 4 @WO 3− x (CCB@WO 3− x ) S-scheme heterojunction. The augmented IEF affords a robust driving force for directional electron delivery, leading to boosted charge separation. Hence, the developed CCB@WO 3− x S-scheme heterojunction demonstrated outstanding photocatalytic CO 2 reduction performance, with the electron consumption rate ( R electron ) up to 390.34 μmol g −1 h −1 , which is 3.28 folds higher than that of pure CCB. An in-depth analysis of the S-scheme electron transfer mode was presented via theoretical investigations, electron spin resonance (ESR), photo-irradiated Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), and in-situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Finally, the CO 2 photoconversion route was explored in detail using in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and DFT theoretical calculations.
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Nature Communications
·
2026
·
IF 18.1
Zhu Weijie,Lin Yu-Chang,Cong Jianlong,Zhao Mengting,Li Jiahao,Hao Cong,Jia Jun,Wang Xinlu,Huang Yunhui,Lin Yan-Gu,Yang Gang,Yao Fen,Liang Hanfeng
The electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO 3 - RR) offers a promising route to sustainable ammonia synthesis, potentially replacing the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process. While often studied in neutral or alkaline media, NO 3 - RR in acidic conditions is particularly relevant due to widespread industrial acidic nitrate wastewater, yet it remains challenging due to corrosion and dominant hydrogen evolution. To address this, we designed a corrosion-resistant Ru/WO 3- x heterostructure that spatially separates proton and nitrate adsorption sites. Here, we show that a reverse hydrogen spillover effect, where the WO 3- x support stores and transports protons to surface Ru active sites, dramatically enhances hydrogenation kinetics and suppresses parasitic hydrogen evolution. This catalyst achieves an ammonia Faradaic efficiency of 94.09% at a high current density of 500 mA cm −2 and a working potential of 0.026 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. Furthermore, we demonstrate a sulfide-nitrate “batterolyzer” with a discharge power density of 43.4 mW cm −2 . This work reveals an effective proton-management strategy for efficient acidic NO 3 - RR, advancing its potential for coupled ammonia synthesis and wastewater treatment.
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Nature Communications
·
2022
·Vol. 13
·期 1
·1-10
·
IF 17.694
Chen Jiadong,Chen Chunhong,Qin Minkai,Li Ben,Lin Binbin,Mao Qing,Yang Hongbin,Liu Bin,Wang Yong
Noble metal electrocatalysts (e.g., Pt, Ru, etc.) suffer from sluggish kinetics of water dissociation for the electrochemical reduction of water to molecular hydrogen in alkaline and neutral pH environments. Herein, we found that an integration of Ru nanoparticles (NPs) on oxygen-deficient WO 3-x manifested a 24.0-fold increase in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity compared with commercial Ru/C electrocatalyst in neutral electrolyte. Oxygen-deficient WO 3-x is shown to possess large capacity for storing protons, which could be transferred to the Ru NPs under cathodic potential. This significantly increases the hydrogen coverage on the surface of Ru NPs in HER and thus changes the rate-determining step of HER on Ru from water dissociation to hydrogen recombination.
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SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
·
2019
·
IF 6.019
Zhenkui Li,Man Zheng,Na Wei,Yuan Lin,Wenlong Chu,Ruiqi Xu,Huanhuan Wang,Jian Tian,Hongzhi Cui
The design and synthesis of solar steam generation materials is a green and promising approach to produce freshwater from seawater or contaminated water. Here, we develop a highly efficient and stable bilayer evaporator by assembling WO 3-x nanorods (WO 3-x NRs) onto a wood surface. Due to the broad-band absorption of the WO 3-x NRs and the multiscatter of the incident light caused by the wood, the prepared solar evaporator with unique light trapping structures shows a high solar absorption (~94.0%). Additionally, combining with the merits of rapid water transport and heat localization , the energy conversion efficiency of the evaporator reaches as high as 82.5% under one sun irradiation and shows a stable water generation capability during long-term illumination cycles, which is one of the best performance compared with other wood-based materials and oxygen-defected tungsten oxide. The evaporator also shows great performance towards the evaporation of seawater and contaminated water, indicating great potential application. This work can provide reference for designing other high photothermal conversion system.
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Journal of Nanomaterials
·
2018
·
IF 2.207
Zhenguang Shen,Zengying Zhao,Jian Wen,Jingwen Qian,Zhijian Peng,Xiuli Fu
Tungsten oxide (WO3−x) crystalline nano/microrods with identical morphology but different contents of oxygen vacancies were prepared by thermally evaporating fixed amount of WO3 powder in reductive atmosphere from different amounts of S power at 1150°C in a vacuum tube furnace, in which both sources were loaded in separate ceramic boat. With increasing amount of S powder, a series of tungsten oxides, WO3, WO2.90, W19O55 (WO2.89), and W18O49 (WO2.72), could be obtained. And devices were fabricated by screen-printing the obtained WO3−x crystals on ceramic substrates with Ag-Pd interdigital electrodes. With increasing content of oxygen vacancies, the devices fabricated with WO3−x crystals present a negative to positive resistance response to relative humidity. Under dry atmosphere, for the devices with increasing , the strong response to light changed from short to long wavelength; under light irradiation, the conducting ability of the devices was enhanced, due to the more efficient separation and transportation of the photogenerated carriers; and under simulated solar irradiation, the photocurrent intensity of the W18O49 device was roughly 8 times, about 500 times, and even 1000 times larger than that of the W19O55, WO2.90, and WO3 one, respectively. With the versatile optoelectrochemical properties, the obtained WO3−x crystals have the great potential to prepare various humidity sensors and optoelectrical devices.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
·
2019
·
IF 14.229
Ying Chen,Li Wang,Ruijie Gao,Yong-Chao Zhang,Lun Pan,Chenyu Huang,Kan Liu,Xin-Yuan Chang,Xiangwen Zhang,Ji-Jun Zou
Photosynthesis with Z-scheme charge transfer has been recognized as an efficient pathway to achieve solar-energy conversion. Herein, the all-solid-state direct Z-scheme ZnO-WO 3-x nanorod arrays were synthesized by in-situ solvothermal treatment for highly piezoelectric (PE)-photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. The chemical bonding between WO 3-x and ZnO via W-O-Zn and the inherent band structures/Fermi levels drive the formation of direct Z-scheme charge-transfer pathway. Importantly, the optimized structure (Zn-W-5) shows higher PEC activities with high photocurrent density of 2.39 mA/cm 2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE, which is 2.13 times higher than pure ZnO. Surprisingly, the obvious PE polarization of ZnO increases its Fermi level toward conduction band and significantly enhances Z-scheme effect between ZnO and WO 3-x . Especially, the best sample (Zn-W-5-1000 rpm) shows a photocurrent of 3.38 mA/cm 2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE, which is 3.02 times higher than pure ZnO. This work provides a facile PE polarization approach for enhancement of Z-scheme charge-transfer process.
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Small
·
2025
·
IF 12.1
Qi Wu,Mingyang Liu,Hui Zhang,Guanghao Li,Ziqing Yang,Xiaodan Wu,Guanghui Tan,Chenfeng Ji,Yingxue Jin
At present, tumor immune escape is a major problem in the treatment of tumors. The complex network of tumor microenvironments significantly impairs the efficacy of immunotherapy. This paper reports the preparation and immunoantitumor activity of a novel multifunctional defect tungsten trioxide@ferrocene-folic acid composite (WO 3-x @Fe-FA) with a high Fenton reaction rate. Ferrocene is modified on the surface of defective trioxide by the covalent coupling method for the first time, and the reaction rate of Fenton is increased by 10 times. WO 3-x @Fe-FA induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) through the powerful synergistic anti-tumor effect of PTT/CDT and decomposes H 2 O 2 to produce oxygen through the Fenton reaction, thus down-regulating the expression of immune checkpoint PD-L1 induced by tumor hypoxia. In vitro and in vivo experiments proved that WO 3-x @Fe-FA reverses the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, transforms the immunosuppressive “cold tumor” into the immune “hot tumor”, and activates the immune activity of the system. In vitro and in vivo experiments show that WO 3-x @Fe-FA has excellent immunoantitumor activity, and it is expected to be a candidate drug for immunoantitumor therapy.
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SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
·
2025
·
IF 7.7
Chuanxuan Zhou,Jun Min,Linchuan Zuo,Fuchao Yang,Zhiguang Guo
Listeria monocytogenes (LM), a foodborne bacterium capable of causing various diseases, emits 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (3H-2B) and dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) in its exhaled gas, which can serve as important biomarkers for the bacterium. To date, there have been no reports on the use of dual-selective sensing for these two biomarkers to enhance the accuracy of LM detection. Therefore, we prepared a WO₃ hierarchical architecture using rapeseed pollen templates and employed defect engineering to endow the sensing material with abundant oxygen vacancies for dual-functional monitoring of 3H-2B and DMTS. The results indicate that, thanks to the synergistic effects of abundant oxygen vacancies and unsaturated W⁶⁺ Lewis acids on the surface, the WO 3-X sensor exhibits excellent dual gas sensing performance for 3H-2B and DMTS. Notably, the WO 3-X (N₂) sensor achieves maximum responses of 20.4 and 18.7 for 20 ppm 3H-2B and 20 ppm DMTS at 168 °C and 185 °C, respectively, which are higher than those of other sensors. In addition to high sensitivity, the WO 3-X (N₂) sensors exhibit high selectivity and long-term stability, implying their potential for practical LM detection. Therefore, this work provides a new perspective for the rational design and synthesis of high-performance sensing materials for precise detection of LM to ensure food safety.
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