FOLIA MICROBIOLOGICA
·
2022
·Vol. 67
·期 4
·633-640
·
IF 2.629
Gao Huihui,Lu Dan,Xing Mingyan,Xu Qing,Xue Feng
Zearalenone (ZEN) is a toxic secondary metabolite of Fusarium sp. commonly found in wheat, corn, and other crops. In addition to economic losses, ZEN can seriously endanger the health of both humans and livestock, thus presenting an urgent need for ZEN-detoxifying enzymes that function in the extreme heat or pH conditions of industrial fermenters. Here, we identify and characterize the activity of the ZEN-degrading enzyme from Exophiala spinifera , ZHD_LD, which shares 60.15% amino acid identity and a conserved catalytic triad with the well-characterized ZEN-detoxifying protein ZHD101 from Clonostachys rosea . Biochemical activity and stability assays indicated that purified recombinant ZHD_LD exhibited high activity against ZEN with optimal reaction conditions of 50 ℃ and pH 7.0–10.0. Structural modeling of the ZHD_LD active site and comparison with ZHD101 revealed its likely mechanism of ZEN degradation. This research provides an industrially valuable candidate enzyme for ZEN detoxification in food and livestock feed.
研究领域:
微生物学
·
食品安全
·
生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 8.8
Jinxiu Zhao,Xiang Ren,Mingyue Shao,Zhong Feng Gao,Huan Wang,Xue Dong,Qin Wei
Zearalenone (ZEN), a prevalent estrogenic mycotoxin in cereals, poses significant risks to food safety and public health. Herein, an ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) aptasensor was developed for ZEN detection in cereal-based foods, integrating molecular confinement engineering and catalytic amplification strategies. 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)-21H,23H-porphyrin (TCPP) was encapsulated into zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-TCPP) through molecular confinement, which addressed the inherent issues of luminophores such as poor water solubility and structural instability. For signal amplification, a Co 3 O 4 -ZnO/Ti 3 C 2 T x -Pd (COZT-Pd) composite was designed as a co-reactant accelerator, which efficiently promoted the generation of SO 4 •− radicals, significantly accelerating the ECL response of the luminophore. The constructed aptasensor exhibited a wide linear range from 1 pg/mL to 100 μg/mL with an exceptionally low detection limit of 0.97 pg/mL. Crucially, the sensor demonstrated high accuracy and practicality through recovery tests in spiked maize and wheat samples, with recoveries ranging from 97.7% to 102.6%. This work provides a robust and reliable analytical platform for the ultrasensitive detection of mycotoxins, holding great promise for ensuring food quality and safety.
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Ouyang Binbin,Huang Zhaolin,Song Chenshuo,Yin Dejing,Ni Dawei,Zhang Wenli,Rao Yijian,Xu Wei,Mu Wanmeng
Zearalenone (ZEN) lactonases are promising biocatalysts
for ZEN
detoxification, yet the catalytic mechanism underlying ZEN hydrolysis
remains poorly understood. Here, we combined structural analysis,
quantum-mechanical (QM) calculations, and molecular dynamics (MD)
simulations to elucidate the catalytic mechanism and guide enzyme
engineering. QM and MD analyses identified a near-attack conformation
of the catalytic His245 as essential for proton transfer. Crystal
structure analysis revealed that mutations within the active pocket
enhanced the local hydrophobic microenvironment, thereby optimizing
the reactive conformation through an improved substrate positioning
and catalytic residue alignment. Engineering the hydrophobic microenvironment
significantly enhanced the activity of ZENM toward multiple substrates.
Transfer of the engineered region to another ZEN lactonase, ZHD101,
also significantly improved the hydrolytic activity, supporting the
potential general applicability of this strategy. Hydrophobic microenvironment
engineering might represent a promising strategy for modulating proton
transfer and provide a potential framework for improving the activity
of ZEN lactonases for food and feed detoxification.
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高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2024
·Vol. 31
·期 21
·30484-30496
·
IF 0
Deng ShaoLin,Tan WenYuan,Xiong YaLin,Xie ZhiJin,Zhang Jing
In this paper, the objective is to immobilize molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) onto the surface of magnetic carbon nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 @C) to develop an effective method for the adsorption of zearalenone (ZEN). The prepared products were characterized by FT-IR, SEM, TEM, XRD, VSM, TGA, and BET. The content of zearalenone in corn samples was monitored by HPLC. The results indicate that the particle size of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) is approximately 200 nm. The adsorption mechanism of MMIPs was confirmed by static adsorption and dynamic adsorption experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity was 1.56 mg/g, and the adsorption equilibrium was reached within 50 min. The scatchard model showed that MMIPs had two binding sites, a high-affinity binding site and a low-affinity site. Kinetic second-order fitting indicates that MMIPs are mainly through chemisorption. In the actual sample application, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) were 0.3 mg/L and 0.9 mg/L, respectively. The recovery of corn with the standard addition of ZEN was 73.6–88.1%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.86–5.63%. The results demonstrated that MMIPs possess the advantages of straightforward operation, high precision, and cost-effectiveness, rendering them suitable for rapid ZEN detection.
研究领域:
食品安全
·
分析化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
Foods
·
2022
·Vol. 11
·期 10
·1494
·
IF 5.561
Zhe Zheng,Yousheng Huang,Liping Liu,Yi Chen,Yuanxing Wang,Chang Li
In this study, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) cold plasma was used to degrade zearalenone and the efficiency of degradation were evaluated. In addition, the degradation kinetics and possible pathway of degradation were investigated. The results showed that zearalenone degradation percentage increased with increasing voltage and time. When it was treated at 50 KV for 120 s, the degradation percentage could reach 98.28%. Kinetics analysis showed that the degradation process followed a first-order reaction, which fitted the exponential function model best (R² = 0.987). Meanwhile, liquid chromatographywith quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF LC/MS) was used to analyze the degradation products, one major compound was identified. In this study, the reactive species generated in cold plasma was analyzed by Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) and the free radicals were detected by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR). This study could provide a theoretical basis for the degradation of zearalenone to a certain extent.Keywords:DBD cold plasma;zearalenone;degradation kinetics;degradation products
研究领域:
食品科学
·
环境科学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CONTROL
·
2021
·
IF 5.548
Hongxia Tan,Hongyuan Zhou,Ting Guo,Yuhao Zhang,Liang Ma
Zearalenone (ZEN) is one of the most polluted mycotoxins in maize and maize-products. To date, however, previous studies have only focused on the presence of free ZEN. To confirm the occurrence of hidden ZEN in maize and maize-products, the samples were pretreated using different hydrolysis methods and in vitro digestion. In this study, significantly increased amount of total detectable ZEN was found by the hydrolysis with compound protease and especially in vitro digestion, which indicated the presence of hidden ZEN in maize. The hidden ZEN can be converted into its free form by in vitro digestion and then be found/detected out. Especially, zein-bound zearalenone was the main “hidden mode” for the presence of hidden ZEN. The amount of total detectable ZEN in digested zein was 7 times higher than that in undigested zein. And also, fluorescence quenching and ultrafiltration studies also showed that ZEN can bind with zein spontaneously by non-covalent bonds. Overall, this study aroused an important issue for risk assessment that the total amount of ZEN in maize products might be underestimated due to the presence of zein-bound ZEN.
研究领域:
食品安全
·
毒理学
·
生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2020
·
IF 3.594
Xinliu Tan,Xueqing Wang,Aiyue Hao,Yifan Liu,Xuepei Wang,Teng Chu,Ling Jiang,Yaqiong Yang,Dengming Ming
We firstly proposed a ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe with aptamer-labeled CdTe quantum dots (QDs) for the determination of zearalenone (ZEN). The nanoprobe was designed with dual-color emission fluorescence by single-wavelength excitation. Red-emitting silica-coated QDs ( [email protected] 2 ) with the maximum excitation/emission at 400/608 nm were used as a reference. Green-emitting QDs linked with aptamer and covalently bonded to [email protected] 2 with the maximum excitation/emission at 400/518 nm were used as the responsive fluorophore for specific recognition of ZEN. The green fluorescence was quenched in the presence of ZEN. The ratio of fluorescence at 518 nm/608 nm decreased linearly against the increase of ZEN concentrations in the range of 31.4-628 nmol/L. The color of the solution changed from green to red as the concentration of ZEN increased. This method offered a ratiometric, specific and visual determination of ZEN. The limit of detection was 7.5 nM. The aptamer-labeled ratiometric strategy showed acceptable stability and selectivity . Therefore, the approach was successfully used to measure ZEN in food and can provide guidance for the design of point-of-care, multiplexed biosensors.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
纳米技术
·
食品科学
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DOI
高影响因子
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2021
·
IF 3.365
Jingming Zhou,Zhanxiang Liu,Qingbao Yang,Wenjing Qian,Yumei Chen,Yanhua Qi,Aiping Wang
A sensitive and accurate multiple fluorescence immunoassay for the simultaneous quantitative detection of Zearalenone (ZEN) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) in single spot based on multicolor quantum dots (QDs) labeling was developed for the first time. Two kinds of ZnCdSe/ZnS (core/shell) QDs with maximum emission wavelengths at 520 nm (green) and 610 nm (orange-red) were selected as marking materials, respectively. The anti-ZEN-mAb-QDs and anti-OTA-mAb-QDs were designed as the immune fluorescent probes . Fluorescence was measured at the same excitation wavelength and two different emission wavelengths to determine each target. The procedure for QDs-based multiple fluorescence labeled immunosorbent assay (M-FLISA) was developed. The 50% inhibition concentrations (IC 50 ) of ZEN and OTA were 0.034 and 1.175 ng/mL. Moreover, the limits of detection (LOD) for the simultaneous determination were 0.0239 and 2.339 ng/g for ZEN and OTA in maize, respectively. In addition, the recoveries ranged from 93.15 to 101.90% for ZEN and from 95.29 to 102.43% for OTA, with the coefficient variation (CV) of 2.70–8.86% and 3.51–6.22% respectively. There was good consistency between the M-FLISA and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) results, which confirmed that the M-FLISA was suitable for the simultaneous quantitative detection of various mycotoxins .
研究领域:
分析化学
·
毒理学
·
食品安全
·
生物技术
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
·
2020
·Vol. 412
·期 19
·4725-4737
·
IF 3.637
Fu Han,Xu Wu,Wang Haixiang,Liao Shenghua,Chen Guitang
This study was based on the specific binding ability of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) combined with a high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) for the rapid determination of zearalenone (ZEN) in cereals. A novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared by surface imprinting technology. Warfarin was used as a virtual template, 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) was used as the functional monomer, and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was used as the cross-linking agent. Analysis by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that MMIPs were prepared with a particle size about 450 nm, the imprinted molecular layer accounting for 10.7% of the total mass, and saturation magnetization of about 34.54 emu/g. The maximum adsorption capacity ( Q max ) of the thermodynamic and kinetic adsorption experiments were 13.90 mg/g and 8.71 mg/g, respectively. The Langmuir model showed that the binding sites were uniformly distributed on the surface of the MMIPs. The Scatchard analysis showed that MMIPs had two types of binding sites with Q max of 8.22 mg/g and 15.37 mg/g, respectively. In actual sample detection, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.4 ng/kg and 0.9 ng/kg, respectively. The sample recovery rate was 90.56–99.96%, the daytime stability was 1.35–2.87%. These results showed that MMIPs had good performance in selectively identifying ZEN and were suitable for determining ZEN in cereals.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
分析化学
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DOI
高影响因子
FOOD CONTROL
·
2026
·
IF 6.3
Yuanyuan Huang,Yuanhang Huang,Wenhui Li,Tianying Lu
Zearalenone (ZEN) is an estrogenic mycotoxin that widely contaminates cereals and their products, developing efficient and targeted ZEN removal technologies in food matrices is of significant importance. In this study, a self-supporting three-dimensional Zein nanofibrous membrane was successfully prepared via electrospinning, and its adsorption performance and mechanism for ZEN were systematically evaluated. The results indicated that the material exhibits excellent adsorption performance and remarkable selectivity for ZEN. Under optimized conditions, the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity for ZEN reached 0.48 mg/g Competitive adsorption experiments in a coexisting system containing ZEN, aflatoxin B 1 and patulin further confirmed its high selectivity for targeted detoxifying ZEN. Further continuous-flow experiments were designed to evaluate the ZEN removal performance of Zein nanofibrous membranes in a real beer matrix. The membranes maintained a detoxification rate of 90.48% for ZEN without significantly affecting the key quality parameters of the beer, demonstrating its promising application potential in complex food matrices. This study provides theoretical and technical support for the targeted detoxification of ZEN from food using Zein, and opens new avenues for the application of fully bio-based membranes in food contamination control.
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高影响因子
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2026
·
IF 6.1
Zongping Sun,Yaohuan Zhu,Yonghui Mu,Junjie Yu,Yingying Wang,Juan Lu,Jun Tang
Zearalenone (ZEA) frequently contaminates cereals and poses risks to human and animal health, highlighting the need for effective detoxification approaches. In this study, the biocontrol agents Clonostachys rosea , Gliocladium penicillioides , and G. catenulatum were shown to tolerate 50 μg/mL ZEA, while G. deliquescens and G. viride showed sensitivity to 10 μg/mL ZEA. The tolerant strains exhibited comprehensive degradation capacity against ZEA and its toxic derivatives (α/β-zearalanol and α/β-zearalenol), transforming 20 μg/mL ZEA within 48 h. Notably, C. rosea showed the highest degradation capacity, not only transforming ZEA faster but also degrading over 95.5 % of 50 μg/mL α/β-zearalanol and α-zearalenol, along with 36.2–54.4 % β-zearalenol within 72 h. Additionally, the mRNA levels of zhdr52 and zhdp83 were significantly upregulated during the biotransformation process, suggesting their involvement in this process. ZEA degradation products were identified as hydrolyzed ZEA (H-ZEA) and decarboxylated hydrolyzed ZEA ( D -ZEA) by LC-MS analysis. Importantly, the degradation products H-ZEA and D -ZEA showed markedly reduced cytotoxicity compared to ZEA, as evidenced by the absence of significant cytotoxic effects on normal human hepatocytes and renal cells in CCK-8 assays. This study clarifies the ZEA biodegradation mechanisms of C. rosea , G. penicillioides , and G. catenulatum , identifying three promising fungal candidates for ZEA biocontrol and advancing the development of ZEA detoxification strategies.
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
·
2022
·
IF 7.425
Hongxia Tan,Yao Li,Hongyuan Zhou,Ting Guo,Ying Zhou,Yuhao Zhang,Liang Ma
The productions of food, agricultural products and feed involve a variety processing conditions, which can affect the release/binding of zearalenone (ZEN) with macro-components in maize, resulting in the interconversion of hidden ZEN with free ZEN. This interconversion can cause the uncertainties and individual differences in the exposure assessment. To fully overcome this uncertainties of the potential risks for humans and animals, further research regarding the key factors and rule of interconversion is needed. This study was designed to analyze the key factors that can induce the interconversion of hidden ZEN with free ZEN during maize processing. Results showed the conversion of hidden ZEN into free ZEN during thermal and alkaline processing, while it showed the conversion of free ZEN into hidden ZEN during acid processing. Furthermore, the temperature and pH-induced interconversion rules were also applicable to the practical maize processing (tortilla production). During producing tortilla, when the processing conditions of 4% lime, cooking time (60 min) and cooking temperature (100 °C) were set, the tortilla products with the lower hidden ZEN hazard could be obtained. This study presented new insights into the risk assessment of maize products as the conversion between hidden ZEN and free ZEN during processing.
研究领域:
食品安全
·
毒理学
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DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）