CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2025
·
IF 12.5
Chun-Jie Bao,Meng-Qiu Liu,Ya-Nan Liu,Li-Qiang Zhao,Yu-Xuan Li,Xin-Lan Zhang,Fang Zhang,Sheng Guo,Er-Xin Shang,Jia-Lun Duan,Jin-Ao Duan
Current studies on plant-derived adjuvants focus on heterogeneous or partially characterized polysaccharides, while the adjuvanticity of structurally defined, arabinogalactan (AG)-rich polysaccharide in cancer nanovaccine settings remains unexplored. Here, we identify and characterize NLBPE1, a homogeneous AG-rich polysaccharide isolated from Lycium barbarum , which features an atypical arabinose-bridged structure. Unlike canonical AG-I or AG-II motifs, NLBPE1 contains galactose side chains connected to the rhamnogalacturonan backbone via → 5)- α -Ara f -(1 → linkages, forming a structurally distinct AG topology. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that NLBPE1 activates dendritic cells through the TLR4–IKK–NF-κB signaling axis, promoting antigen uptake, cross-presentation, and proinflammatory cytokine release. When co-formulated in a PLGA-based nanovaccine with a model antigen, NLBPE1 markedly enhances CD8 + T cell priming, leading to effective tumor control in vivo . Moreover, combination with anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade yields synergistic antitumor responses in a melanoma model. Together, these findings establish NLBPE1 as a structurally and mechanistically distinct polysaccharide adjuvant with translational potential for next-generation cancer nanovaccine strategies.
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高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2026
·
IF 13.2
Fanyu Wang,Weiming Kong,Juntian Gan,Sen Yang,Xiaojuan Feng,Caixuan Zhang,Mingzhu Guo
A homogeneous arabinogalactan, UA-SRP1, was isolated from Stevia rebaudiana . • UA-SRP1 alleviated DSS-induced colitis and restored gut barrier integrity in mice. • UA-SRP1 supported epithelial regeneration, reduced inflammation and oxidative stress. • UA-SRP1 alleviates colitis via microbiota-dependent and independent mechanisms. Stevia rebaudiana polysaccharides have great potential to intervene in ulcerative colitis (UC) as functional food ingredients for gut health. This study isolated and structurally characterized a homogeneous arabinogalactan (UA-SRP1, 1.44 × 10 6 Da), mainly composed of galactose and arabinose. It possesses a (1 → 6)-β-D-Gal p backbone with heterogeneous side-chain substitutions occurring at the O-3 positions of the galactopyranosyl residues. In a DSS-induced UC mice model, UA-SRP1 treatment effectively alleviated clinical symptoms and histopathological damage, strengthened the intestinal barrier by upregulating ZO-1 and MUC-2, and attenuated inflammation and oxidative stress. It was also associated with remodeling of the gut microbiota (e.g., enrichment of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia ) and restoration of beneficial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. Transcriptomic and Western blot analyses showed treatment-associated changes in PI3K-Akt and NF-κB signaling. Antibiotic depletion further indicated that microbiota status influenced part of the UA-SRP1-associated response. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the protective effects of UA-SRP1 against DSS-induced colitis and reveal coordinated changes in gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, and host signaling, supporting its further investigation as a potential functional food ingredient for gut health. Download: Download high-res image (287KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Results in Chemistry
·
2026
·
IF 5.8
Ruiping Kong,Liwei Huangfu,Min Zhou,Zenan Zheng,Junjun Feng,Qi Chen,Jie Dai
In the present study, novel non-covalent associate complexes of carbamazepine (CBZ) with the natural polysaccharide arabinogalactan (AG) and the disodium salt of glycyrrhizic acid (Na 2 GA) were prepared using a mechanochemical method to enhance the solubility and oral bioavailability of CBZ. The solid-state interactions between CBZ and AG or Na 2 GA were characterized by FT-IR, DSC, powder XRD, and SEM. The properties of mechanochemically processed CBZ/Na 2 GA in solution were further examined using DLS and TEM. A parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) demonstrated a marked increase in CBZ permeability in the presence of Na 2 GA compared with pure CBZ. Moreover, accelerated stability testing (+40 °C for 3 months) revealed a significant improvement in the chemical stability of CBZ/AG and CBZ/Na 2 GA complexes compared with the unmodified drug. Pharmacokinetic studies in rats further showed that oral administration of the complexes resulted in approximately a fivefold increase in CBZ bioavailability. Collectively, these findings indicate that the simple, low-cost mechanochemical method enables the synthesis of stable CBZ-AG and CBZ-Na 2 GA complexes, and that such non-covalent associates represent a promising strategy to improve CBZ solubility and oral bioavailability, offering potential for more effective antiepileptic therapy. Download: Download high-res image (169KB) Download: Download full-size image
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2026
·
IF 13.2
Shicheng Jiang,Weihao Chen,Yupeng Liu,Mingkuan Yang,Yongbin Xu,Baoyu Qiu,Yue Yu,Songshan Shi,Guan Ye,Jie Chen,Shunchun Wang,Huijun Wang
Type II arabinogalactans (AG-II) are biologically significant plant polysaccharides that exist both in free form and as side chains covalently bound within complex polysaccharides. However, the specific quantification of these bioactive AG-II domains in complex matrices remains a critical analytical challenge. Although the β-glucosyl Yariv reagent is a classic chemical reagent used in plant biology for the qualitative identification of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), its quantitative potential has been constrained by the lack of standardized protocols. Here, we established a spectrophotometric method based on the Yariv reagent for AG-II quantification. The method demonstrated high sensitivity and reproducibility, achieving a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.25 μg/mL, a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.75 μg/mL, and a recovery of 101.95%, indicating excellent applicability. To address the response discrepancy between the generic standard and the specific AG-II analyte, we implemented a “dual-standard strategy” and determined a conversion factor (1.188), successfully establishing a quantitative link between the accessible standard and the target AG-II polysaccharides. The method was applied to analyze Lycium barbarum samples from various origins, successfully revealing significant variations in the content of AG-II across different geographical regions, providing a novel technical pathway for the precise quantification of AG-II.
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Food Bioscience
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Cui Cao,Yiping Gao,Feilong Sun,Chunqing Ai,Shuang Song
Arabinogalactan from Lycium barbarum (LBP-3) is the major biological activity component and contributes to maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis by targeting gut microbiota and their metabolites. However, it is still a big challenge to know the specific ecological microbe-metabolite interaction regulated by LBP-3 due to the host complex diet webs and lots of unidentified intestinal bacteria. Therefore, the present study constructed a defined microbial consortium, composing of symbiotic Bacteroides caccae, Phocaeicola vulgatus , B. thetaiotaomicron , B. uniformis , B. ovatus , Lactobacillus plantarum and Escherichia coli in vitro , to investigate the impact of LBP-3 on the interactions of species and their metabolites. The utilization of LBP-3 by the defined microbial consortium of 7 intestinal species was 22.5%. Full-length 16S rRNA analysis demonstrated that LBP-3 significantly modulated the composition of synthetic bacterial community, especially inhibiting the level of opportunistic pathogenic E. coli and improving the relative abundance of probiotic L. plantarum and all Bacteroidetes species except B. ovatus . LBP-3 remarkedly influenced 27 differential metabolites, mainly belong to amino acids, peptides and analogues (37.04%) and carboxylic acid and derivatives (7.41%). Moreover, targeted metabolomics revealed that the levels of acetate, propionate, tryptophan and 5-methylthioadenosine were improved by LBP-3. In addition, LBP-3 modulated the pathways of tryptophan metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and biosynthesis of siderophore group nonribosomal peptides. Notably, some amino acids (e.g., proline and glutamate) and their related metabolic pathways (e.g., arginine and proline metabolism) altered by LBP-3 were significantly correlated with the levels of species, such as B. uniformis , P. vulgatus, and B. thetaiotaomicron .
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2024
·
IF 10.7
Tiankai Bai,Shuguang Bao,Yuhui Li,Xiaorong Hou,Sirigunqiqige Pan,Huan Wang,Yuping Zhao,Matthew Liddle,Huifang Li,Laxinamujila Bai,Xiaohe Xiao
The flowers of Hosta plantaginea (Lam.), a traditional Chinese medicine, is utilized for the treatment of sore throat, aphonia, and cough alleviation. The polysaccharides HPFP-1 and HPFP-2 were separated from these plants through water-soluble alcohol precipitation and column chromatography. After structural analysis (monosaccharide composition, methylation and NMR), The →1)-β-D-Fru f -(2→ and →1,6)-β-D-Fru f -(2→, →6)-α-D-Glc p were interconnected to form the main chain of HPFP-1. The →3,6)-β-D-Gal p -(1→, →5)-α-L-Ara f -(1→, and →3)-β-D-Gal p -6-OMe(1→, →6)-β-D-Gal p -(1→, →4)-α-D-Gal p -(1→ were interconnected to form the main chain of HPFP-2. In acute pharyngitis rats, HPFP effectively increased the level of NO, decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and reduced macrophage and neutrophil infiltration. In the LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cell model, HPFP-1 and HPFP-2 decreased the levels of NO, TNF-α, IL-6, p-p65, and p-IκB, which demonstrated the anti-inflammatory mechanism of these two polysaccharides through the inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, they have the potential to be highly effective drugs for combating acute pharyngitis.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2026
·
IF 6.1
Shaoying Gong,Tianju Yang,Ruoyu Wu,Qinghai Sheng,Tangwei Zhang,Ming Xiao,Miao Wang,Yongxin She,Jing Wang,A.M. Abd El-Aty
Nonylphenol (NP) is known to damage the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB), although its mechanisms remain unclear. Arabinogalactan (AG) is a natural polysaccharide with intestinal protective properties. This study explored the mechanisms of NP-induced IEB damage and evaluated the protective potential of AG in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model. The results revealed that NP induces inflammation and oxidative stress through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting tight junction (TJ) gene and protein expression and ultimately leading to IEB damage. Conversely, AG enhanced TJ expression and suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thus alleviating NP-induced IEB damage. This research provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of NP-induced IEB damage and highlights the potential of AG as a functional food ingredient for promoting intestinal health. Moreover, our study provides a theoretical basis for supporting policies aimed at restricting NP residues in food and offers a potential dietary reference for high-risk populations exposed to NP-contaminated environments.
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JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2018
·
IF 4.513
Zaizhi Liu,Huiyan Gu,Lei Yang
An ionic liquid-based homogenate-ultrasound-synergistic technique was proposed to simultaneously extract dihydroquercetin and arabinogalactan from Larix gmelinii stumps. The appropriate extraction solvent of [C 2 mim]Br was screened from thirteen kinds of imidazolium-based ionic liquids. The optimal conditions for the proposed method obtained by response surface methodology were a [C 2 mim]Br concentration of 0.87 mol/L, IL-HUSE time of 24 min, liquid/solid ratio of 14 mL/g, and ultrasound power of 240 W. Under these conditions, the satisfied extraction yields were 53.09 ± 2.24 mg/g for dihydroquercetin and 152.48 ± 5.78 mg/g for larch arabinogalactan. Validation studies suggested that the improved method was capable of extraction of dihydroquercetin and arabinogalactan from L. gmelinii stumps. High extraction yields of dihydroquercetin and arabinogalactan obtained from the recycled [C 2 mim]Br indicated that the proposed method is a highly efficient technique. The present research indicates that the improved process shows promising prospects for application to the preparation of bioactive substances from plant materials.
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2026
·
IF 6.1
Shaoying Gong,Jiachen Zheng,Lin Wang,Ruoyu Wu,Jianchun Han,Yongxin She
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), a widely used polybrominated diphenyl ether, is a persistent environmental pollutant with intestinal toxicity. Arabinogalactan possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but its ability to counteract BDE-209-induced intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) damage remains unclear. This study examined the protective effects of arabinogalactan on BDE-209-induced IEB damage and the underlying mechanisms. Arabinogalactan significantly restored barrier integrity, as evidenced by increased transepithelial electrical resistance and reduced FITC-dextran permeability. Mechanistically, it attenuated oxidative stress by regulating the levels of reactive oxygen species, glutathione, and malonaldehyde and the activity of superoxide dismutase and reducing the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). Arabinogalactan also preserved tight junction protein expression (claudin-1, zonula occludens [ZO]-1, occludin), lowered intracellular Ca²⁺, and activated the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO1 pathway. Taken together, these findings suggest that arabinogalactan inhibits oxidative stress and inflammation by regulating the Nrf2/NQO1/HO-1 signaling pathway to upregulate TJ expression, thereby alleviating BDE-209-induced IEB damage.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF FOOD BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2018
·Vol. 42
·期 5
·e12607
·
IF 1.552
Zaizhi Liu,Mengxia Wei,Guoqiang Cui,Xinyu Yang,Huiyan Gu,Lei Yang
Double experimental designs, Plackett–Burman design coupled with Box–Behnken design, were used to optimize the simultaneous extraction process of arabinogalactan and taxifolin from Larix gmelinii by ultrasonic microwave synergistic extraction (UMSE) method. The optimal extraction conditions were determined with the extraction yields of 223.40 ± 7.82 mg/g for larch arabinogalactan and 125.02 ± 5.30 mg/g for taxifolin. Compared to conventional methods, UMSE method showed the merits of higher extraction efficiency, saving time, and energy. The molar ratio of galactose to arabinose is found to be 6:1 through the monosaccharide composition analysis of larch arabinogalactan. The obtained taxifolin structure was identified by mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Interestingly, larch arabinogalactan and taxifolin showed completely opposite influences on α-amylase, α-glycosidase, and pancreatic lipase; it was inferred that larch arabinogalactan could act as an inhibitor while taxifolin as an accelerator. Practical applications In this study, response surface methodology of Plackett–Burman design and Box–Behnken design performed well to obtain the optimal conditions and satisfactory extraction yields for the extraction of arabinogalactan and taxifolin from Larix gmelinii by ultrasonic microwave synergistic extraction method, which could be a good paradigm for the efficient isolation of bioactive substances from plant matrix in the field of separation science. Meanwhile, the results from the evaluation of the effects of two target compounds on activities of α-amylase, α-glycosidase, and pancreatic lipase in vitro revealed that larch arabinogalactan and taxifolin enjoyed the completely opposite influences on the three digestive enzymes, namely larch arabinogalactan could act as an inhibitor while taxifolin an accelerator. These results will facilitate the application of larch arabinogalactan and taxifolin in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
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