FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2022
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IF 9.231
Xin Guo,Fengying Gu,Tingting Yang,Zhixiao Shao,Qiaozhen Zhang,Jinjin Zhu,Feng Wang
Ellagitannins, the main components of walnut kernel polyphenols, are easily degraded by heating to produce ellagic acid, precursor in the production of urolithins that show multiple physiological functions. To analyze the conversion of ellagitannins to free ellagic acid in walnut kernels during baking, a quantitative method was developed to investigate the ellagic acid content (EAC) in free phenolic acid (FPA), acid-hydrolyzable phenolic acid (AHPA), and bound phenolic acid (BPA) fractions. The results showed that the EAC in FPA reached its maximum (5.17 ± 0.30 mg/g DW) after baking at 165 °C for 30 min, which increased by 99.52% compared with the control. Meanwhile, the content of ellagitannins (ETC) in AHPA and BPA dropped by 89.14% and 26.08%, respectively. It suggested that baking promoted the conversion of ellagitannins in AHPA and BPA to ellagic acid in FPA. Eight ellagitannins were regarded as the main precursors of ellagic acid in walnut kernels.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2021
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IF 5.279
Ze-Rui Sun,Hua-Rong Liu,Di Hu,Mao-Si Fan,Ming-Yue Wang,Meng-Fei An,Yun-Li Zhao,Ze-Min Xiang,Jun Sheng
Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease caused by impaired uric acid (UA) metabolism. Ellagic acid (EA) is a natural small-molecule polyphenolic compound with known antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we evaluated the regulatory effects of EA on hyperuricemia and explored the underlying mechanisms. We found that EA is an effective xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitor (IC50 = 165.6 μmol/L) and superoxide anion scavenger (IC50 = 27.66 μmol/L). EA (5 and 10 μmol/L) treatment significantly and dose-dependently reduced UA levels in L-O2 cells; meanwhile, intraperitoneal EA administration (50 and 100 mg/kg) also significantly reduced serum XOD activity and UA levels in hyperuricemic mice and markedly improved their liver and kidney histopathology. EA treatment significantly reduced the degree of foot edema and inhibited the expression of NLPR3 pathway-related proteins in foot tissue of monosodium urate (MSU)-treated mice. The anti-inflammatory effect was also observed in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW-264.7 cells. Furthermore, EA significantly inhibited the expressions of XOD and NLRP3 pathway-related proteins (TLR4, p-p65, caspase-1, TNF-α, and IL-18) in vitro and in vivo. Our results indicated that EA exerts ameliorative effects in experimental hyperuricemia and foot edema via regulating the NLRP3 signaling pathway and represents a promising therapeutic option for the management of hyperuricemia.
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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering
·
2023
·Vol. 17
·期 6
·784-794
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IF 4.5
Xu Junyang,Liu Guanhua,He Ying,Zhou Liya,Ma Li,Liu Yunting,Zheng Xiaobing,Gao Jing,Jiang Yanjun
In situ encapsulation is an effective way to synthesize enzyme@metal-organic framework biocatalysts; however, it is limited by the conditions of metal-organic framework synthesis and its acid-base stability. Herein, a biocatalytic platform with improved acid-base stability was constructed via a one-pot method using bismuth-ellagic acid as the carrier. Bismuth-ellagic acid is a green phenol-based metal-organic framework whose organic precursor is extracted from natural plants. After encapsulation, the stability, especially the acid-base stability, of amyloglucosidases@bismuth-ellagic acid was enhanced, which remained stable over a wide pH range (2–12) and achieved multiple recycling. By selecting a suitable buffer, bismuth-ellagic acid can encapsulate different types of enzymes and enable interactions between the encapsulated enzymes and cofactors, as well as between multiple enzymes. The green precursor, simple and convenient preparation process provided a versatile strategy for enzymes encapsulation.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2021
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IF 5.279
Heping Cui,Ziyan Wang,Mengyu Ma,Khizar Hayat,Qiang Zhang,Yan Xu,Xiaoming Zhang,Chi-Tang Ho
The Maillard reaction performed under a stepwise increase of temperature was applied for researching the inhibition of Maillard browning caused by ellagic acid. Ellagic acid was found effective for the inhibition of melanoidin formation in the xylose–glycine Maillard reaction but depended on its dosage and the point of time it was added in the reaction system. The lightest color of the Maillard reaction products was observed when ellagic acid was added at the 90th min, which was the point of time when the Amadori rearrangement product (ARP) developed the most. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis results showed a significant tendency of the ellagic acid hydrolysis product to react with the predominant intermediate ARP to yield an adduct. The adduct stabilized the ARP and delayed its decomposition and inhibited the downstream reactions toward browning. After the ARP was depleted, ellagic acid also showed an effect on scavenging some short-chain dicarbonyls which contributed to the inhibition of Maillard browning.
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PHYTOMEDICINE
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2025
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IF 8.3
Huimin Li,Jingya Ruan,Jiayan Huang,Yijin Wu,Jiaming Cheng,Ongher Kouye,Yi Zhang,Tao Wang
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) therapy remains challenging due to limited options. Pomegranate peel, rich in bioactive compounds, shows potential, but its key components and mechanisms underlying its action against UC are unclear. Purpose The present investigation was undertaken to assess the therapeutic efficacy of 70 % ethanolic (PPEE) and aqueous extracts (PPWE) derived from pomegranate peel, determine the primary active component, and clarify the underlying molecular mechanism. Study design and methods The anti-UC effects of PPEE and PPWE extracts were first assessed in DSS-induced mice. Differential constituents underlying their efficacy disparities were identified using LC-MS/UHPLC and chemometric analyses. Key bioactive compounds were screened via a model of Caco-2/THP-1 co-culture evaluating intestinal barrier function. The action mechanisms were further elucidated through molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), and other assays, validated across inflammatory cell models, DSS-induced mice, and human UC colon tissues. Results PPEE showed superior efficacy over PPWE, as evidenced by enhanced intestinal barrier function and suppressed inflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Ellagic acid (EA) was identified as the core active constituent, which directly targeted AKR1B1/AKR1B3, thereby inhibiting NLRP3-ASC oligomerization and subsequent cleavage of caspase-1 and IL-1 β . Conclusion This study unveils a novel pathogenic mechanism in UC, namely the AKR1B1/AKR1B3-NLRP3 axis, and identifies EA as its effective inhibitor. These results demonstrate the potential of pomegranate peel extracts and offer a novel therapeutic approach for UC.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2025
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IF 8.5
Junbo Zhao,Jiyuan Du,Yilu Zheng,Yifei Fang,Jianlin Huang,Jun Wu,Yiqun Wu,Tianqi Nie
Diabetic wound healing remains a critical clinical challenge due to persistent inflammation derived from long-term hyperglycemia. To address this challenge, we reported a zinc ion coordinated CMCS hydrogel for pH responsive delivery of ellagic acid to fulfill diabetic wound management. The incorporation of zinc ions and EA reinforce the hydrogel network via coordination and hydrogen bonding, and confer a pH-responsive release of EA under simulative wound microenvironment. CMCS-Zn@EA hydrogel exhibited substantial scavenge capacity against multiple oxidative species (·OH and ABTS), which may protect fibroblasts from oxidative damage, and thereby promoting cellular migration and angiogenesis. Further investigation on diabetic wound models revealed that the topical administration of CMCS-Zn@EA effectively accelerated the wound healing ratio through promoting angiogenesis, re-epithelialization, and collagen deposition. Moreover, the incorporation of Zn 2+ into the hydrogel framework through coordination bonding dynamically aligned with the whole wound healing phases to modulate macrophage polarization and thus providing a more favorable environment for the wound healing. Together with the great biocompatibility, CMCS-Zn@EA hydrogel may hold great potency to be applied in the clinical diabetic wound management.
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Foods
·
2026
·Vol. 15
·期 15
·2587
·
IF 6
Rui-Bo Jia,Dapei Ou,Fenghua Liang,Zhao-Rong Li,Jinsong Wang,Chunxia Zhou,Pengzhi Hong
Ellagic acid (EA) is a food-derived polyphenol with multiple biological activities, but its poor water solubility and aggregation in aqueous systems limit its accessibility to gut microorganisms. In this study,Fucus vesiculosuspolysaccharide (FVP) was used as a natural carrier to prepare EA/FVP solid dispersions (SDs) with different mass ratios by solvent-assisted evaporation. Compared with pure EA, the SDs markedly improved the apparent solubility and aqueous dispersion stability of EA. The highest apparent solubility was observed for the EA/FVP 3/1 formulation (0.75 ± 0.03 mg/mL), which was approximately 6.25-fold higher than that of pure EA (0.12 ± 0.01 mg/mL). The improved dispersion behavior was associated with increased apparent viscosity, reduced aggregation, decreased crystallinity and possible non-covalent interactions between EA and the polysaccharide matrix.In vitrofecal fermentation showed that SDs enhanced the production of urolithins, including urolithin M5, urolithin M6, urolithin C, iso-urolithin A and urolithin B, without generating new metabolite types. The EA/FVP 1/3 formulation showed the strongest promotion of urolithin production, with iso-urolithin A reaching 2.36 ± 0.28 μM. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that the enhanced urolithin production was accompanied by shifts in the fecal microbial community. Several bacterial genera positively correlated with urolithin biosynthesis, includingBacteroides_H,Negativicoccus,Parabacteroides_B,Unclassified_EggerthellaceaeandLactococcus_A, were significantly enriched in the SDs groups. These findings suggest that FVP-based SDs may serve as a potential strategy for improving the apparent solubility, aqueous dispersion and microbial biotransformation of EA.
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JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
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2025
·
IF 6
Anshu Sharma,Bong-Seop Lee,Byung Heung Park
Ellagic acid (EA), a bioactive polyphenol, exhibits low aqueous solubility, limiting its pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. In this study, EA was recrystallized from ethanol with choline chloride (ChCl) at three controlled temperatures (313.15 K, 333.15 K, and 353.15 K) to enhance its physicochemical properties. The resulting recrystallized ellagic acid (REA) samples were systematically characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM, DSC, and NMR spectroscopy. XRD analysis revealed improved crystallinity with distinct peak sharpening at 2θ = 28.4° and 29.3° for the 333.15 K REA, while SEM imaging confirmed more defined crystal morphology. Importantly, 1 H NMR spectroscopy revealed chemical shift variations: the aromatic proton signal at 7.47 ppm in native EA exhibited downfield shifts and broadening in the 313.15 K and 353.15 K REA, indicating altered hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking. The 333.15 K REA retained spectral fidelity to native EA, suggesting minimal perturbation in molecular symmetry. These temperature-induced structural modifications significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity, with the 333.15 K REA demonstrating a 1.6-fold increase in DPPH radical scavenging efficiency in comparison with other REA at other temperatures. This study establishes a simple recrystallization approach to modulate EA’s solid-state properties and improve its functional performance. The primary objective is to perform a single-factor evaluation to quantify EA recovery after interaction with ChCl under defined conditions.
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SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
·
2020
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IF 3.232
Chunhua Lin,Zhifeng Zou,Zhiwei Lei,Li Wang,Yonghai Song
Ellagic acid (EA) is a symmetric natural phenol bioactive compound present in fruits and nuts, and has attracted substantial interest worldwide owing to its beneficial health effects. Here, the exploration of luminescent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) of MIL-101(Al)-NH 2 (MIL = Materials of Institute Lavoisier) for rapid and sensitive sensing of EA in aqueous solution was reported initially. The porous MIL-101(Al)-NH 2 MOFs was synthesized by solvent-thermal method with inexpensive 2-aminoterephthalic acid and aluminum salt, which exhibited uniform spherical crystals (~340 nm) and specific mesoporous structure (3.2 nm). The fluorescence intensity of MIL-101(Al)-NH 2 at 425 nm showed a good linear relationship with EA concentration in the range of 0.15–100 μM. The detection limit was as low as 43.8 nM, the rapid response time was within 2 min, and the cost of detection was low. In addition, the “turn off” fluorescence probe could be utilized for visual detection of EA according to the color change under the UV lamp. Based on the Stern-Volmer equation, the quenching constants was decreased with the rise of temperature, which indicated that the probable quenching mechanism was static quenching. The nanoprobe was successfully used to detect EA in the cherry and serum samples. MIL-101(Al)-NH 2 represents the first instance of MOFs-based fluorescent probe in EA detection. This work not only enriches the detection method of EA, but also expands the potential application of MIL MOFs in small molecules.
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JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
·
2024
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IF 3.3
Ziting Yuan,Wei Tang,Bin Sun,Kai Li,Li Yuan,Yujin Zhang
Ellagic acid (EA), a natural and environmentally friendly polyphenol, positively impacts human health and is widely used in the food and medical industries. It features a well-organized planar structure with an extensive sp 2 carbon-conjugated area and four phenolic hydroxyl groups, making it favorable for light energy absorption and fluorescent emission. This positions EA as a promising candidate for advanced fluorescence applications. To date, the fluorescence properties of EA have not been thoroughly investigated. In this research, we comprehensively examined the fluorescence properties of EA in various solvents—including alkaline aqueous, alcoholic, nitrogenous, other organic solvents, and polyethylene glycols (PEGs)—using transient/steady-state fluorescence spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations. Additionally, the relationship between structural changes of EA in these solvents and its fluorescence properties was deeply investigated. It was discovered that general solvation effects (solvent polarity effects), hydrogen bonding effects, and viscosity effects are the main ways that solvents alter the optical characteristics of EA. EA exhibits outstanding fluorescence characteristics in PEG400, creating a bright green fluorescence with the highest Stokes shift at 170 nm among the 32 organic solvents and alkaline aqueous solutions examined. This study is both foundational and essential, setting the stage for advancing the research on EA-based fluorescent materials in future endeavors.
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AAPS PHARMSCITECH
·
2025
·Vol. 26
·期 4
·1-17
·
IF 4
Luo Zhilin,Sun Yao,Cai Shihao,Liu Hongting,Zhao Conglu,Xu Xiang,Xu Aiguo,Zhou Honggang,Yang Cheng,Gu Xiaoting,Ai Xiaoyu
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a rare and serious chronic interstitial lung disease that may endanger the lives of patients. The median survival time of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is short, and the mortality rate is higher than that of many types of cancer. At present, pirfenidone (PFD) and nintedanib (NDNB) have been approved by FDA for IPF, but they can only delay the process of pulmonary fibrosis and cannot cure the disease. Therefore, it is urgent to develop other drugs with the effect of improving pulmonary fibrosis. Ellagic acid (EA) can inhibit the Wnt-signaling pathway and has an effect in treating pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (BLM) in mice. However, its solubility is poor, resulting in its low bioavailability and limited therapeutic benefits, so its clinical application has been limited. Herein, based on the characteristics of nano-drug lung delivery system, chitosan (CS) was selected as the carrier, and ellagic acid-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (EA-CS-NPs) were prepared by ionic gelation method. The EE% and DL% of prepared EA-CS-NPs was 73.73 ± 4.52% and 6.23 ± 1.09%, the particle size was 119.6 ± 5.51 nm (PDI = 0.234 ± 0.017), the zeta potential was 29.833 ± 0.503 mV. The morphology of the nanoparticles was observed by TEM microscope, which was round, uniform dispersion, indicating that the preparation process is stable and feasible. The toxicity experiment showed that EA-CS-NPs maintained 80% cell viability, significantly higher than that of the NDNB group, indicating lower toxicity and better inhibitory effects on TGF-β1-stimulated MLg and NIH-3T3 cells. Wound healing assay results showed that the inhibitory effect of EA-CS-NPs on cell migration was more pronounced than that of EA in the same amount of EA-containing drugs. Drug uptake experiments revealed that EA-CS-NPs significantly enhanced drug uptake in MLg and NIH-3T3 cells. In vivo , Cy7-CS-NPs exhibited higher fluorescence intensity in rat lungs compared to Cy7 solution, indicating better lung retention. The in vivo efficacy test showed that compared with the EA group, EA-CS-NPs could better reduce the area of pulmonary fibrosis and collagen deposition, improve lung function, and have a longer retention time in the lung. In summary, our results revealed that EA-CS-NPs may be a good choice for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Graphical
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FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
·
2019
·
IF 3.775
Fengru Liu,Yiyin Zhang,Qiuyang Yu,Yizhong Shen,Zhi Zheng,Jieshun Cheng,Wencheng Zhang,Yingwang Ye
Ellagic acid (EA), a natural plant polyphenol, is usually used as a functional additive in variety of health foods . However, the potential toxicity of EA to human health should be paid enough attention. To clarify its biological toxicity in vivo , this study explored the binding mechanism of EA with bovine serum albumin (BSA) by means of spectroscopic approaches and molecular docking insimulative physiological conditions. The results showed that the mixture of BSA with EA could spontaneously cause the formation of BSA-EA complex through electrostatic interaction under simulative physiological conditions (0.01 mol·L −1 Tris-HCl, 0.015 mol L −1 NaCl, pH = 7.4). Molecular docking experiments revealed that EA was primarily bound to the hydrophobic pocket of the site I (subdomain IIA) of BSA. It has been reported that the binding of small functional molecules to serum albumins remarkably impacts their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion features. Therefore, this study might be helpful for human to have an in-depth understanding of the biological effect of EA in vivo and guide human to take it safely and reasonably.
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