BIOMACROMOLECULES
·
2026
·
IF 5.9
Jinzhe Xu,Meijun Liu,Yongchao Jiang,Keyong Tang
Conductive hydrogels possess remarkable advantages when employed as electrode materials for triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-based sensing applications. Nevertheless, hydrogel electrodes suffer from critical limitations under low-temperature environments, including increased brittleness and inferior self-healing capability, as well as conductivity degradation caused by the crystallization of free water within the gel matrix. To address these challenges, we developed a eutectogel electrode via rational design of a ternary polymerizable deep eutectic solvent, incorporating chitosan as a reinforcing and conductive secondary network, and integrating extensive hydrogen bonding interactions. The optimized eutectogel (CPD) exhibited a toughness of 0.25 MJ m–3, a conductivity of 0.25 mS cm–1, and rapid self-healing ability. Notably, it retained 92% of its room-temperature conductivity, and its mechanical properties remained nearly unchanged at −80 °C. The assembled CPD-TENG generated an open-circuit voltage of 1.3 V in a single electrode mode at room temperature and maintained 1.2 V at −80 °C, which significantly surpassed the low-temperature stability of conventional hydrogel-based TENGs. Moreover, the CPD-TENG-based sensor with self-powered capacity could precisely monitor joint movements, facial expressions, and human locomotion at both room temperature and −20 °C. Overall, this work provides a feasible strategy for developing reliable self-powered sensors for extreme low-temperature applications.
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高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Lin Zhu,Jiaxin Shen,Zijian Gao,Huihui Shi,Guoju Zhang,Xiaoyue Zhang,Shuangying Lei,Kuibo Yin
Conductive gels are among the most popular flexible materials for wearable devices due to stretchability, customizable functionality and adjustable modulus close to that of tissue. Nevertheless, the structural failure and performance deterioration of gel materials under extreme environments remain a significant challenge, restricting their practical applications. Herein, drawing inspiration from the natural composite, a polymerizable deep eutectic solvent was employed to construct an environment-tolerant gel. Meanwhile, a nanoconfinement strategy based on metal-organic frameworks was proposed for enhancing their mechanical properties. With the aid of liquid metal stabilized by silk fibroin serving as initiator, the prepared eutectogel exhibits a desirable combination of great mechanical properties, self-adhesive abilities as well as high conductivity. The eutectogel withstands wide working temperatures and exhibits high stretchability, as well as desirable self-healing properties under extreme conditions. The strain sensor made from the eutectogel could not only demonstrate real-time monitoring of various human joint movements, but also be integrated into a wireless monitoring system, realizing remote human-machine interaction. Based on the synergistic design mentioned, the proposed sensor has promising applications in all-weather wearable electronics.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Jianbo Deng,Mingjun Chen,Xiang Zhang,Hulin Zhang,Liping Hu,Shuokun Sun,Jiupeng Zhao,Yao Li
Polymer electrolyte-based solid-state electrochromic (EC) devices hold great promise for commercial applications. However, existing polymer electrolytes suffer from persistent challenges, such as inadequate mechanical properties and poor electrode interface compatibility. Here, we introduce an innovative water-in-eutectogel (WIEG) electrolyte with dual-scale network, engineered with water molecules encapsulated within eutectic solvents and UV-cured hydrogen-bonded polymer networks. The WIEG electrolyte achieves wide electrochemical stability window, impressive mechanical strength and strong adhesion due to its hydrogen bond-rich network. Owing to the exceptional mechanical-electrochemical characteristics of the WIEG electrolyte, the integration of this electrolyte into a solid-state EC device exhibits an ultra-high cycling stability. Furthermore, the successful fabrication of patterned and large-scale EC devices underscores the versatility and scalability of this approach, positioning it as a breakthrough for applications in smart displays, energy-saving windows, and flexible electronics. This work presents a novel electrolyte design strategy for advancing high-performance EC devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源技术
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显示技术
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ACS Applied Energy Materials
·
2024
·
IF 5.4
Jiaming Zeng,Wang Yang,Wu Yang,Zhiyuan Zheng,Jianyun Gan,Qi Wang,Liubing Dong,Linxin Zhong,Ruidong Xia,Emmanuel Iheanyichukwu Iwuoha,Usisipho Feleni,Shimelis Admassie,Xinwen Peng
The eutectogel electrolyte has shown significant potential for zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) due to its cost-effectiveness, temperature resistance, and high safety. However, the poor mechanical strength and complex preparation process of the eutectogel electrolyte have become the main barriers to the practical application of ZHSCs. Herein, we developed a cellulose reinforced polyacrylamide (PAM)-based eutectogel (CPG) electrolyte for ZHSCs via an in situ one-step radical polymerization process. The dispersed cellulosic fiber plays a crucial role in stabilizing the network structure and widening the pore size of eutectogel, which improves mechanical properties and ion transport rate. Furthermore, the ternary deep eutectic solvent including choline chloride, urea, ethylene glycol, and ZnCl2 endows eutectogel with intrinsic thermal stability, antidrying (with weight remaining almost unchanged after 20 days), and antifreezing properties. Thus, the as-prepared eutectogel electrolyte exhibits decent mechanical properties (tensile strength of 35.3 kPa and compressive strength of 117.0 kPa), high zinc ion transference number (0.68), superb flexibility, and good adhesion. With these superiorities, the symmetric cell employing the CPG electrolyte achieves stable cycling over 1390 h, and the assembled flexible ZHSC demonstrates favorable mechanical deformation adaptability under various severe conditions and operational feasibility in a wide temperature range from −15 to 60 °C. This work offers a promising strategy for designing multifunctional eutectogel electrolytes for applications in flexible ZHSCs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源存储
·
化学工程
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高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2024
·
IF 8.3
Wenna Wu,Xue Zhang,Wenlong Xu,Tao He,Tao Zhang,Jingcheng Hao
Touch panels are deemed as a critical platform for the future of human–-computer interaction. Recently, flexible touch panels have attracted much attention due to their superior adhesivity and integratability to the human body. However, hydrogel- or organogel-based devices suffer from instability due to liquid evaporation or low-conductivity substrates. It demands an alternative functional touch panel featuring temperature tolerance, high conductivity, and stretchability. Here, we introduce an eutectogel by immobilizing a novel deep eutectic solvent (DES) within 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) covalently cross-linked polymer scaffolds. In this DES (ethylene carbonate(EC)–LiTFSI), the C═O group of EC is unique as an electron donor exhibiting strong coordination interactions with Li+, promoting the dissociation of Li+ from LiTFSI to achieve excellent conductivity. Benefiting from their traits, eutectogel presents high conductivity, transmittance, antifreezing, and mechanical strength. In addition, using the surface-capacitive sensing mechanism, the eutectogel can be designed as a 1D strip and 2D rectangular touch panel which can achieve high-resolution touching tracks, even in a low-temperature environment and pressure-then-recovered state. This eutectogel strategy is envisioned to facilitate the development of next-generation intelligent devices, especially in extreme stretching and low-temperature application scenarios.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电子工程
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Deyan Du,Tatsuo Kaneko,Weifu Dong,Mingqing Chen,Dongjian Shi
Stretchable eutectogel fibers hold exceptional promise for human physiological monitoring wearable electronics due to their nonvolatility, high ionic conductivity, and cost-effective fabrication. However, a significant challenge remains in achieving sufficient mechanical properties of eutectogel fibers for textile manufacturing and the ability to withstand long-term real-life usage, such as sweating and washing. Herein, hydrophobic eutectogel fibers (HEFs) with exceptional mechanical strength and environmental resilience were prepared via integrating prestretching and solvent evaporation-induced crystallization processes. The formation of abundant hydrogen bonds and the crystallization domain impart the HEFs with excellent tensile strength (5.5–22.5 MPa) and adjustable stretchability (75–375%). Most importantly, the HEF fibers keep remarkable stability (weight changes <2%) in aquatic environments under varying conditions of pH, humidity, detergent, and temperature. The HEF demonstrated multimodal sensing capabilities, including motion, weight, and temperature detection, with high-precision sensation (gauge factor = 2.2; temperature coefficient of resistance = 4.83 ± 0.2% K–1) and stability. These advancements set a foundation for smart wearable devices, marking a significant progress in the fields of eutectogel-based intelligent health monitoring.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物医学工程
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智能纺织品
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Heli Cheng,Bingzhe Chen,Jiansheng Gong,Peng Wang,Jungang Jiang
Thermoelectric materials capable of harvesting low-grade heat energy for powering wearable electronics hold significant promise, but their widespread application remains limited by inadequate thermoelectric efficiency and environmental tolerance. Here, we propose an n-type ionic thermoelectric (i-TE) eutectogel through doping ZnCl 2 into a soft carboxymethyl hemicellulose (CMHC)/poly(acrylic acid) matrix, using deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the medium. CMHC simultaneously immobilizes Zn 2+ and reinforces the mechanical performance. The resulting eutectogel achieves an exceptional thermopower of −8.95 mV K −1 , and a remarkable stretchability of 841.8%. Besides, the adoption of DES endows the i-TE eutectogel with strong adhesion, excellent anti-freezing, and anti-drying properties. The integration of four-eutectogel units in series generates an open-circuit voltage of 141.7 mV under a temperature difference of 4 K, and successfully powers a temperature sensor. This work demonstrates the potential of hemicellulose eutectogel in the development of high performance i-TE materials and establishes a promising route toward sustainable and reliable power for next generation wearable devices.
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Small
·
2025
·
IF 12.1
Xia Wang,Zongwei Guo,Guihua Yang,Xingxiang Ji,Gaojin Lyu
Eutectogels have garnered attractive interest for applications in electrochemistry, environmental science, energy storage, and flexible sensing. Emerging flexible temperature sensors demand materials with high environmental stability, robust adhesion, superior mechanical properties, certain self-healing capacities, and good transparency. Herein, deep eutectic solvent (DES), composed of acrylic acid and guanidine hydrochloride, is combined with catechol and mesoporous molecular sieves to construct a dynamic network of multiple hydrogen bonds, resulting in multifunctional gels. The eutectogel demonstrated exceptional stretchability (1680.4%, 178.12 kPa), compressive strength (70%, 760.9 kPa), fatigue resistance (no significant deviation for 10 cycles), adhesion strength (35.8 kPa), transparency (92.41%), and UV-blocking capabilities. The non-volatile nature of the DES and the formation of hydrogen bonds during crosslinking preserved the DES within the gel, enhancing its moisture retention (weight change ratio of ≈2% after 6 days). Additionally, the freezing point of gel is effectively lowered, improving its environmental stability (−70–50 °C). Based on the aforementioned characteristics, the eutectogel is applied in the field of electrocardiogram detection. This bioelectrode is capable of monitoring changes in human heart rate under extreme conditions and can be assembled with wearable devices to provide a promising solution for the diagnosis and prediction of cardiovascular disease.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
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柔性电子
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生物传感
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材料科学
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心血管监测
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可穿戴设备
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 3.1
Ziqian Xu,Rui Wang,Jianxiong Cheng,Qiang Dou,Linlin Wu
Deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based eutectogels are promising ionotronic materials; however, achieving high mechanical toughness and optical transparency simultaneously remains challenging, as conventional reinforcement strategies typically rely on phase separation that inevitably induces structural opacity. Here, we report a coordination-driven homogeneous eutectogel constructed via copolymerization of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and 1-vinylimidazole (VI) in a ZnCl 2 –acetamide (AcAm) Type IV DES, where ZnCl 2 serves as both solvent component and intrinsic coordination cross-linking precursor, enabling a uniform network without additional metal salts. Strong Zn 2+ –imidazole coordination acts as dynamic cross-linking points within the PHEMA-based network, forming a hybrid structure capable of efficient energy dissipation. At an optimized 30 wt% copolymer content with a HEMA:VI ratio of 6:4, the eutectogel exhibits ultrahigh transparency (> 90%), high tensile strength (6.99 MPa), large elongation at break (1770%), and a toughness of 85.01 MJ m −3 . In contrast, hydrogen-bond-dominated ChCl–AcAm systems show negligible strength (< 0.12 MPa), highlighting the essential role of coordination-mediated reinforcement. Furthermore, abundant coordination and polar interactions endow the eutectogel with robust adhesion. The introduction of BMIMCl ionic liquid further enhances ionic conductivity while preserving mechanical integrity and stable sensing performance. This work demonstrates a coordination-driven strategy for homogeneous eutectogels combining mechanical robustness and optical transparency.
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JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2024
·
IF 4.5
Qinghua Yang,Zhuoni Liu,Tianxiang Yin,Xiaoyong Wang,Jing Yuan
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs), as a new type of green and easily designable solvent, showed great potential applications in various fields. In this work, a novel deep eutectic solvent based on active pharmaceutical ingredient matrine and lauric acid was developed. The structure, thermal stability, and cytotoxicity were investigated by various technologies. The prepared DES displayed excellent ability on enhancing the solubility of curcumin, and the curcuim showed high stability in DES. Moreover, DES as well as curcumin-contained DES possessed good antioxidant and anti- P. acne activity. More importantly, the prepared DES can act as a gelator to form eutectogel in water, which was confirmed from the rheological behavior and scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurement. The curcumin-contained eutectogel displayed good injectable and permeation ability. Therefore, the prepared multi-functional DES (i.e. antioxidant, antibacterial agent, solvent and stabilizer of curcumin, and gelator) provides a new strategy to construct transdermal delivery system that displays potential application on treatment of acne infection.
研究领域:
药学
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材料科学
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化学
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生物技术
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高影响因子
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2024
·Vol. 34
·期 52
·2411029
·
IF 18.5
Qingtao Zeng,Xuejun Lai,Hongqiang Li,Zhonghua Chen,Xingrong Zeng,Liqun Zhang
The preparation of high-performance and fire-safe electrolytes for flexible quasi-solid-state supercapacitors is challenging. In this work, a novel fire-safe and multifunctional deep eutectic solvent gel (DESG) is fabricated using acrylic acid and urea as hydrogen bond donors and choline chloride as a hydrogen bond acceptor. DESG shows a high ionic conductivity (0.552 S m −1 ), good electrochemical performance (specific capacitance: 106.8 F g −1 ), and a wide operating temperature range (−20–90 °C), being a promising candidate for flexible solid-state supercapacitors. Furthermore, it exhibits a good thermoelectric conversion capability (Seebeck coefficient: 1.56 mV K −1 ), being ideal for thermoelectric capacitors and fire-warning sensors. The prepared DESG rapidly self-extinguishes after removal from fire, reaching a limiting oxygen index value of 38.0% and demonstrating its excellent flame retardancy. In addition, DESG has a good self-healing performance (healing efficiency of 84.3%). The work provides new insights into the preparation and application of high fire-safety and multifunctional eutectogels for flexible quasi-solid-state supercapacitors.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源存储
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柔性电子
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Xinpeng Lv,Kai Gong,Ze Li,Zhongyuan Lin,Hongqiu Wei,Jianhui Sun,Yongjun Liu,Peng Li
Human-machine interaction (HMI) devices based on conductive gel interfaces provide an effective approach for recognizing users' manipulation intentions by capturing mechanical signals. However, achieving intuitive feedback, high accuracy, and environmental adaptability remains challenging. Herein, we report a novel dual-mode photoelectric eutectogel interface (PEGI) constructed by incorporating deep eutectic solvents (DES) and ionic liquid into a photonic crystal-embedded matrix for HMI applications. The strain-induced structural color change of PEGI provides intuitive visual feedback (1.99 nm per %) and serves as a calibration reference for strain response, thereby effectively enhancing the HMI experience. Moreover, PEGI demonstrates high sensitivity, characterized by an ultra-low detection limit (< 1% strain) and a gauge factor of 3.0, along with a good linearity over a broad strain range (0–100%) and outstanding cycling stability (>5000 cycles). Significantly, PEGI remains mechanically stable and flexible under extreme conditions down to −50 °C, and exhibits exceptional stretchability exceeding 2400% at room temperature, owing to the multiple hydrogen-bond network formed between the deep eutectic solvent (betaine and ethylene glycol) and the ionic liquid. The remote end-effectors (e.g., trolley and manipulator) designed based on PEGI and a microcontroller enable continuous operation, high signal stability, and efficient interactive control guided by optical feedback. This study demonstrates the great potential of PEGI for the development of closed-loop HMI systems integrating sensing, feedback, and actuation.
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