POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
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2026
·
IF 8.1
Zhoufeng Wang,Wenchi Zhang,Puxi Zheng,Hui Xu
A series of amorphous phosphorus- and fluorene-containing copolyarylates was synthesized via low-temperature solution polycondensation to elucidate the effects of phenylphosphonate incorporation on solubility, thermal properties, and degradation behavior. Increasing the phenylphosphonic dichloride (PPD) content improved solubility in DMF and DMAc and decreased the glass-transition temperature ( T g ) from 230.36 to 177.47°C. High initial thermal stability was retained under nitrogen, with T 5% and T 10% values of 487.66–493.67°C and 501.33–507.00°C, respectively. The residue at 800°C increased from 36.54% for AW20P0 to 41.61–44.06% for the phosphorus-containing samples under nitrogen and from 1.27% to 5.15% under air. Comparative pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analyses of AW20P0 and AW20P20 at 500 and 550°C revealed similar backbone-derived aromatic product families but composition- and temperature-dependent redistribution of their relative abundances, indicating that PPD modifies concurrent degradation reactions rather than introducing an independent pathway. Thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) revealed changes in oxygen- and phosphorus-related volatile signals, whereas distinct molecular phosphorus-containing volatiles were not unambiguously identified by Py-GC/MS. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed progressive surface phosphorus enrichment in residues collected after qualitative direct-flame exposure, while scanning electron microscopy revealed increasingly dense and continuous residue structures, with AW20P20 exhibiting an expanded closed-cell morphology. These results support a significant phosphorus-assisted condensed-phase contribution to residue formation, although the relative gas-phase and condensed-phase contributions remain quantitatively unresolved. The established structure–property–degradation relationships provide guidance for designing high-temperature copolyarylates with improved solubility and tunable degradation behavior.
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HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
·
2020
·
IF 1.568
Xing-Hua Guan,He-Ran Nie,Hong-Hua Wang,Ji-Yong Zhao,Zhi-Peng Wang,Rui Wang,Bao-Feng Liu,Guang-Yuan Zhou,Qiang Gu
A series of aromatic polyesters bearing fluorene and phthalein groups were synthesized from commercially available 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene (BPF), phenolphthalein, and terephthaloyl chloride through an interfacial polymerization method. The microstructure, molecular weight, morphology, thermal properties, and thermal decomposition mechanism of these aromatic polyesters were investigated. Their mechanical properties were also evaluated. The results suggested that the copolymer compositions were approximately equal to the feed compositions. Moreover, the increase in the BPF unit content increased the glass transition and weight loss temperatures of the aromatic polyesters, owing to the strong rigidity of the bulky fluorene group. All the polymers were amorphous and exhibited good solubility in common organic solvents. Hence, the synthesized polymers could be easily cast into flexible films. The copolymer film samples exhibited better mechanical properties than those of the homopolymers. The tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation at break of the polymers first increased gradually, and then decreased with increasing BPF content. Notably, the copolymers exhibited the best mechanical properties at the BPF content range 30–50%. Owing to their characteristics, these synthesized polymers show great potential for application as high performance membrane materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
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ANALYTICAL SCIENCES
·
2025
·
IF 2
Gong Lindan,Sun Yan,Zhang Hongju,Li Junqing,Qin Aohui,Fan Lu-an
The potential risks posed by antibiotics to human health and the ecological environment have long been a major public concern. Consequently, developing probe technologies capable of efficiently detecting trace levels of antibiotics in environments has emerged as a critical research priority. In this study, a conjugated fluorene-based pyridine diimine polymeric probe (FPD) was employed as a fluorescent probe for the specific recognition and detection of furaltadone. Experimental results showed that FPD rapidly interacts with furaltadone, resulting in a significant fluorescence quenching of FPD, and its fluorescence intensity could quickly reach a stable state. In the ethanol-PBS mixed solution system, the fluorescence quenching efficiency of FPD exhibits an excellent linear relationship with furaltadone concentrations ranging from 0 to 12 µM, achieving a detection limit as low as 0.0490 µM. In the presence of interfering substances, FPD maintains superior selectivity and anti-interference capability. Furthermore, a recovery experiment was conducted by spiking furaltadone into egg white, yielding recovery rates ranging from 97.29% to 104.22%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 3.73%. This study develops a novel and reliable method for the efficient and precise detection of furaltadone, demonstrating broad application potential. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
分析化学
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高分子科学
·
环境监测
·
荧光光谱学
·
传感技术
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PubMed
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 13.2
Bing-Wei Chen,Hua-Jun Zhai,Yan-Cheng Hu,Yan-Hong Tan,Jia Li,Zhilian Wu,Lin Shao,Jing-Pei Cao
High-energy-density (HED) fuels are crucial for volume-limited hypersonic propulsion systems, yet their petroleum-dependent production poses energy security challenges, especially for nations like China with scarce oil reserves. While coal-derived naphthalenes and anthracenes have been investigated for HED fuel production, their extended π-conjugation restrict tunability of key fuel properties. Here, we propose a molecular engineering strategy using coal-based fluorene as a versatile platform for the tunable synthesis of tailored HED fuels. The ring-increasing condensation of fluorene with benzaldehyde over CaO, coupled with hydrogenation, yields a tetracyclic fuel with higher energy density than JP-10, rendering it a prime candidate for high thrust application. The long-alkyl substitution strategy involving catalytic butylation and hydrogenation generates a butyl-tricyclic fuel with a balanced profile of energy density and flowability, demonstrating potential for cold-climate operations. Additionally, AlCl 3 -catalyzed skeletal rearrangement of hydrogenated fluorene produces trimethyladamantane with exceptional thermal stability, which may mitigate thermal management issues in hypersonic flight. Life-cycle assessment reveals that three fluorene-derived multicyclic alkanes show clear carbon-emission advantages over petroleum-based fuel JP-10. This study provides a strategic material solution for hypersonic aerospace applications, addressing critical performance demands while strengthening supply resilience through feedstock diversification.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2017
·Vol. 5
·期 26
·6457-6466
·
IF 5.256
Lunjun Qu,Shida Huang,Yi Zhang,Zhenguo Chi,Siwei Liu,Xudong Chen,Jiarui Xu
Two novel aromatic polyimides (PIs), TPF27OPI and TPF99OPI, with a tetraphenyl fluorene (TPF) unit as the electron donor (D) and a 4,4′-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA) unit as the electron acceptor (A) were synthesized and characterized. Both of the as-synthesized PIs showed obvious photoluminescence properties, and compared with TPF27OPI, where the fluorene unit is located in the polymer main chain, TPF99OPI with a fluorene unit in the side chain showed stronger fluorescence and a fluorescence blue shift in the film state. The memory device with a sandwich configuration of ITO/TPF27OPI/Al showed the nonvolatile “write once, read many” (WORM) switching behavior, while that of ITO/TPF99OPI/Al exhibited “static random access memory” (SRAM) switching behavior. Both of the devices exhibited a stable ON/OFF current ratio above 104 and a long operation time, following 104 pulse reading cycles with no obvious degradation in current. The mechanism of the resistive switching behaviors was discussed using the experimental and molecular simulation results. These multi-functional polyimides showed attractive potential applications in the field of polymer optoelectronic devices and memory devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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有机电子学
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电气工程
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
·
2014
·
IF 4.908
Guang Lu Han,Pei Yu Xu,Ke Zhou,Qiu Gen Zhang,Ai Mei Zhu,Qing Lin Liu
A series of poly (arylene ether sulfone) block copolymers with hydrophilic segments containing fluorene groups were successfully synthesized as confirmed by 1 H NMR. The molecular weights were measured in the range 115–140 kDa by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The hydrophilic segment showed a helical structure due to fluorene with butterfly-shaped framework in the main chain. With incorporating imidazolium groups, the microphase separation can also be achieved between the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic moieties. The membrane structure was characterized by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The block copolymers were used to prepare membranes successfully for pervaporation separation of methanol (MeOH)/methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) mixture. The correlation between the membrane microstructure and the separation performance was discussed thoroughly. By increasing the hydrophilic segment proportion, the permeation flux increased while the separation factor declined. The membranes have the highest permeation flux (0.334 kg m −2 h −1 ) and the lowest separation factor (287) for a 15 wt% MeOH feed mixture at 40 °C, and the mass fraction of MeOH in the permeate is higher than 98 wt%.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2015
·Vol. 26
·期 6
·581-588
·
IF 1.757
Tiantian Feng,Jun Wang,Hui Wang,Noureddine Ramdani,Liwu Zu,Wenbin Liu,Xiaodong Xu
A series of fluorene-based benzoxazine copolymers were synthesized from the mixture of 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene and bisphenol A, and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyloxide and paraformaldehyde. And the cured polybenzoxazine films derived from these copolymers were also obtained. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonances confirmed the structure of these benzoxazines. Their molecular weight was estimated by gel permeation chromatography. The curing behavior of the precursors was monitored by FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry. Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis were performed to study the thermal properties of the cured polymers. The cured polybenzoxazines exhibit excellent heat resistance with glass transition temperatures ( T g ) of 286–317°C, good thermal stability along with the values of 5% weight loss temperatures ( T 5 ) over 340°C, and high char yield over 50% at 800°C. The mechanical properties of the cured polymers were also measured by bending tests. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2020
·Vol. 138
·期 13
·50131
·
IF 2.52
Xuan-Yu He,Ting Wang,Zhong-Cheng Pan,Abdul Qadeer Dayo,Jun Wang,Wen-Bin Liu
In this article, 9, 9-bis (4-aminophenyl)-2, 7-dihydroxy-fluorene (BADHF) was synthesized using methylsulfonic acid as catalyzer by direct condensation. Two kinds of novel multifunctional benzoxazine monomers containing fluorenyl groups and hydroxyl groups (MB-FH) were obtained from the chemical reaction of BADHF, salicylaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, and ethanolamine (or diethyleneglycolamine) through the adoption of o-hydroxy-benzylamine method and one-step Mannich condensation reaction method. In the traditional three-step synthesis method, the double bond reduction process took 8–12 h, but in this article, it only took 15 min. The structures of MB-FH monomers and their intermediates were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR). The curing behaviors, curing kinetics, and thermal properties of MB-FH monomers were tested by using a dynamic rheometer, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), FTIR, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The curing induction time can be apparently shortened by the introduction of hydroxyl groups into benzoxazine monomers, and it can catalyze the ring-opening polymerization of oxazine rings at lower temperatures, and improve the interaction of hydrogen bonds in the structure of polybenzoxazine.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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DYES AND PIGMENTS
·
2023
·
IF 4.5
Pan Liu,Chenchen Ma,Zihan Ma,Ziyuan He,Xianjian Wang,Longhao Zhao,Xuegang Chen
The synthesis of a series of side-chain π-conjugated fluorene and terpyridine-functionalized hydrophilic poly(acrylamide) hydrogels via radical random copolymerization was reported. Based on the coordination of terpyridines and europium (III) ions, the dual-network hydrogels containing chemical covalent cross-linking bonds and metallo-supramolecular cross-linking bonds were prepared. Their structures and properties were studied systematically via NMR, IR, SEM , UV–vis absorption spectra , photoluminescence spectra and rheological. The photophysical properties showed that there was Förster energy transfer from conjugated chromophores (emission wavelength at 359–435 nm) to the europium emitter. The water content and the ratio of the energy donor and acceptor in the hydrogels make important influences on the energy transfer and then the emission color of the resulting dual-network hydrogel can be regulated from blue to red via controlling the degree of the energy transfer. Meanwhile, the dual-network hydrogels exhibited small and uniform pore structure and good mechanical properties with large storage and loss moduli .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 59
·期 4
·329-339
·
IF 0
Mengjie Hu,Haiquan Chen,Mengxia Wang,Gang Liu,Chunhai Chen,Guangtao Qian,Youhai Yu
Polyimides (PI's) with low-dielectric constant and excellent organic solubility have broad application prospects in the electronic field. Herein, this study designed a series of novel, low dielectric, organic soluble PI films by creatively introducing fluorene and pyridine ring into diamine monomers. Because of the noncoplanar structure of fluorenyl and the polarization of pyridine ring, PI films achieved a low-dielectric constant (2.22–3.09 at 10 MHz) and excellent organic solubility. Even in some organic solvents with low-boiling points, these PI films still exhibited outstanding solubility. In addition, all the films possessed high-tensile strength (≈120 MPa) and excellent optical transparency (>70%, 450 nm). It was worth noting that the glass transition temperature of films was all above 280°C and 5% weight loss temperature ( T 5% ) was at 486–553°C. In general, the novel high-performance low-dielectric PI films are expected to be used in the field of microelectronics. Graphical A series of novel, low dielectric, organic soluble PI films are synthesized by creatively introducing fluorene and pyridine ring into diamine monomers. Compared with traditional Kapton film, these new polyimides containing fluorenyl and pyridine heterocycles in the main chain have low-dielectric constants.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子工程
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ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2024
·
IF 6.2
Danni Jiang,Yang Yang,Xiaojuan Han,Qianni Li,Pengfei Li,Yang Xu,Lan Chao
Past studies have observed that BHPF induces multi-organ toxicity, however, whether it induces damage to male reproductive system and the specific mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, male mice were given 0, 2, 10 or 50 mg/kg/day of BHPF by gavage for 35 days to observe its effect on reproductive organ and sperm quality. The results indicated that BHPF decreased sperm count and sperm motility in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, our results demonstrated that BHPF triggered the proliferation inhibition and cell death of germ cells in vivo and in vitro. Also, BHPF reduced the expression of function markers for germ cells, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells, indicating its damage to function of testis cells. Simultaneously, testicular microenvironment was found to be altered by BHPF, as presented with declined testosterone level and decreased expression of local microenvironment regulators. Overall, our findings indicated the detrimental effects of BHPF on male reproductive function in mice, suggesting testicular function and local microenvironment disturbance as mechanism underlying testicular damage.
研究领域:
毒理学
·
生殖生物学
·
内分泌学
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高影响因子
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
·
2018
·
IF 5.667
Bin Qiao,Yansong Li,Pan Hu,Yu Sun,Zhaozhao Si,Shiying Lu,Honglin Ren,Zengshan Liu,Ying Zhang,Lei Meng,Yu Zhou
Fluorene is a priority pollutant in water listed by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A fluorescent probe using Eu(III)-marked polystyrene nanoparticles (EuNPs) labelled with a monoclonal antibody (MAb) was synthesized and an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) based on the probe (EuNPs-MAb) was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of fluorene in water samples. The concentration of fluorene was inversely proportional to fluorescence intensity values of T-line in the range 0.98–62.50 ng/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) for quantitative detection of fluorene was 0.09 ng/mL. Recoveries of fluorene in various water samples ranged from 81.50% to 103.00% and coefficients of variation (CVs) were below 13%, which were in a good agreement with those of traditional ELISA (R 2 = 0.99). The assay can be performed within 30 min. The integrated ICA strip gave higher sensitivity and reliable reproducibility. It could be a potential method for rapid and sensitive detection of fluorene in water samples.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
分析化学
·
生物医学工程
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）