CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
·
IF 12.5
Jiongfeng Sun,Shicheng Ding,Rui Wang,Yi Hong,Guofu Qiao
FP drives underwater 3D printing of polymer concrete, avoiding thermal quenching. • Achieves formwork-free subaqueous construction and rapid in-situ solidification. • 3% cement triggers robust organic-inorganic synergy via Ca O and hydrogen bonds. • Lightweight concrete (0.83 g cm −3 ) instantly attains 16 MPa compressive strength. In time-critical marine engineering, structural materials require instantaneous prototyping and immediate load-bearing capabilities. However, traditional concretes suffer from sluggish hydration, while traditional thermal bulk curing and photopolymerization suffer from limitations such as low efficiency and restricted auxiliary means. Herein, grounded in organic/inorganic composite regulation, we propose an underwater 3D printing technology for polymer concrete driven by frontal polymerization (FP) compared to traditional marine construction materials. By tailoring thermo-chemical kinetics, the slurry overcomes aquatic heat dissipation, maintaining a 65 mm min −1 self-propagating wavefront and achieving formwork-free solidification within 41 s. Crucially, incorporating 3% sulphoaluminate cement fundamentally reshapes long-term underwater durability. Molecular dynamics and X-ray computed tomography (CT) reveal that cement hydration products establish robust multiscale interfacial anchoring via Ca O coordination and hydrogen bonds, creating a highly tortuous pore topology that physically obstructs water ingress. Consequently, this lightweight composite (0.83 g cm −3 ) rapidly attains a 16 MPa instant compressive strength and exhibits progressive mechanical enhancement over a 28-d immersion period, offering a self-sustaining paradigm for underwater construction.
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JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY
·
2017
·Vol. 55
·期 16
·2585-2593
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IF 2.952
Xiang-Yun Du,Si-Si Liu,Cai-Feng Wang,Guan Wu,Su Chen
A series of the self-healing gels facilely fabricated by VI (N-vinyl imidazole) and MAH-β-CD (β-cyclodextrin grafted vinyl carboxylic acid groups) via bottom-ignited frontal polymerization (BIFP) initiated by magnetocaloric effect. Once ignited the bottom phase, the heat upward propagates to generate the “front” in the upper phase. Then, no further energy is added to maintain the reaction and the whole polymerization process experiences within minutes. In this system, the dependence of frontal velocity and temperature, along with morphology, swelling capacity, mechanical property, and self-healing efficiency, on the preparation parameters is investigated. Interestingly, the gels show good swelling capacity in the organic solvent, comparatively almost no absorption in water. Moreover, the as-prepared gels exhibit excellent auto-healing properties without any external stimuli at ambient temperature. The healed sample possesses 97% recovery of its tensile strength after 8 h healing time, which relies largely on the host–guest interaction between VI and MAH-β-CD. The results demonstrate that FP can be utilized as an efficient and energy-saving method to synthesize self-healing supramolecular gels. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55 , 2585–2593
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Tingting Luo,Yinbo Zhao,Kunkun Fu,Xiaoyu Cui,Biqiong Chen
Two-point initiation of frontal polymerizations (FPs) is a highly promising approach to enhance the curing efficiency of epoxy resins. However, the mechanical properties may be compromised due to the void accumulation at the merging interface. In this study, we proposed a two-point FP strategy for the rapid and energy-efficient manufacturing of epoxy resins without compromising their mechanical properties. First, density function theory (DFT) calculations were performed to elucidate the microscopic mechanism of FP. The voids and chemical composition of the merger by two-point FPs were characterized by X-ray micro-computed tomography and thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, aiming to comprehend the frontal characteristics and mechanical properties of the cured epoxy resins. The results revealed that high temperature generated during FP led to intense resin pyrolysis, resulting in significant gas formation (e.g. CO 2 ) at high initiator concentration. These gas products became trapped at the merger as columnar-like voids, thereby compromising the mechanical properties of cured epoxy resins. Finally, we established a processing window for efficient fabrication of high-performance epoxy resins by simultaneously tailoring the number of initiation points, initiator concentration and initial resin temperature. The results demonstrated this strategy could significantly reduce curing time and enhanced energy efficiency without sacrificing mechanical performance of epoxy resins compared to conventional techniques.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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高影响因子
ADVANCED MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 26.8
Siqi Huang,Zhuangpeng Chen,Zhijie Feng,Hongchao Zhao,Langlang Ye,Lingkai Weng,Zhixiang Xie,Shenghua Liu,Dazhi Jiang,Wenduo Chen
Thermoset composites often face a challenging trade-off between recyclability and high performance. In this study, an innovative closed-loop manufacturing approach that integrates frontal ring-opening metathesis polymerization (FROMP) with 3D printing to produce fully recyclable carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (c-CFRPs) is presented. A self-propagating FROMP-enabled direct ink writing (DIW) printing technology is developed, enabling in situ curing within seconds. This breakthrough eliminates the need for post-processing and reduces energy consumption by two orders of magnitude compared to traditional autoclave methods. By copolymerizing dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) with a commercial spiroacetal monomer (≤3 wt.%), acid-degradable resins that retain the tensile strength of conventional thermosets are introduced while allowing for matrix depolymerization under mild conditions. The DCPD-based c-CFRPs demonstrate remarkable tensile strengths of up to 817 MPa and glass transition temperatures exceeding 160 °C. In a significant advancement, the recovered carbon fibers retain their pristine morphology and over 95% of their original mechanical properties, enabling repeated recycling without performance loss. Additionally, recovered oligomers can be repolymerized into new resins, further enhancing sustainability. This work presents a groundbreaking solution for high-performance composite manufacturing, addressing critical energy and waste challenges in the thermoset industry.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
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增材制造
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可持续工程
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复合材料
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JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART A-POLYMER CHEMISTRY
·
2013
·Vol. 51
·期 21
·4515-4521
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IF 3.543
Minghui He,Xun Huang,Zhaohua Zeng,Jianwen Yang
A novel approach of photo-triggered redox frontal polymerization (FP) by integrating photocaged superbase (QA-DBU) with a peroxide initiator (dibenzoyl peroxide, BPO) is presented for the synthesis of thermally sensitive materials. Under photo-irradiation at a localized region, the regenerated superbase can diffuse into unirradiated regions and effectively actuate redox FP in a diffusion-controlled manner. Moreover, the redox FP can be conducted at a much lower front temperature with enhanced front velocity. Astonishingly, the front temperature can be well-modulated by changing the concentration of latent superbase. The prepared thermally sensitive fluorescent polymer composites exhibit enhanced fluorescence emission intensity compared to that of conventional thermal FP. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013 , 51 , 4515–4521
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RSC Advances
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2023
·Vol. 13
·期 9
·5667-5673
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IF 3.9
Bin Li,Haibo Qin,Ming Ma,Xiaojia Xu,Mengjing Zhou,Wenrui Hao,Zhigang Hu
In this paper, betaine (Bet) was used as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), and acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) were used as hydrogen bond donors (HBD) and mixed to form a deep eutectic solvent (DES). Different concentrations of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were dispersed in the DES, and a novel β-CD/P(AA-co-AM) hydrogel was prepared by frontal polymerization (FP). The characteristic structure and morphology of the hydrogels were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the properties of the hydrogels were investigated. The results show that the mechanical properties of the hydrogel were improved by β-CD acting as a second cross-linking agent in the polymerization process, thus increasing the cross-link density of the hydrogel. Because the carboxyl groups contained in the acrylic acid dissociate under alkaline conditions, the composite hydrogel shows excellent pH responsiveness under alkaline conditions. Tetracycline hydrochloride was used as a drug model to test the drug loading and drug release performance of the hydrogels. With the increase of β-CD content, the loading capacity of the hydrogels for tetracycline hydrochloride gradually increased. The data of drug release indicated that the hydrogel has good drug delivery performance and has promising applications in drug delivery systems and other areas.
研究领域:
材料科学
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药学
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化学工程
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高影响因子
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
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2025
·
IF 7.7
Zhikang He,Rulin Shen,Taizhi Liu,Shuqi He,Yanling Gong
Manufacturing high-performance glass fiber epoxy composites (GFRP) through radical-induced cationic frontal polymerization (RICFP) is challenging. Achieving high fiber content is difficult due to low resin levels and inadequate chemical reactivity. This study systematically investigates the effects of ultraviolet (UV) light and local thermal initiation on RICFP using bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) epoxy resin as the substrate. The preferred initiation method was identified, and the enthalpy change and thermal equilibrium of the resin's RICFP reaction were effectively controlled by optimizing preheating conditions, resin composition, and the initiator ratio. A method for preparing high-fiber-volume GFRP via RICFP was also proposed. Experimental results revealed that GFRP prepared by UV-initiated RICFP exhibited a 13.8 % increase in flexural strength, alongside an 11.8 % reduction in frontal temperature compared to local thermal initiation. By optimizing the resin composition for the RICFP process, a fiber volume fraction of up to 52 % was achieved. The frontal polymerization specimen's flexural strength increased by 27.7 % and 28.7 %, while its interlaminar fracture toughness improved by 11.9 % and 50.9 %, respectively, compared to the two thermal curing specimens (SEP-Heat Cured and BADGE-Heat Cured). Furthermore, dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA) demonstrated significant enhancements in the glass transition temperature, with increases of 69.14 % and 139.53 %, respectively. This study provides both a theoretical foundation and technical guidelines for the RICFP process, aiming to produce high-performance GFRP with a high fiber volume fraction.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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Small Methods
·
2024
·
IF 10.7
Jiongfeng Sun,Rui Wang,Guangjie Xue,Guofu Qiao
Concrete, in particular application scenarios, such as crack repair, disaster rescue and relief, and 3D printing, needs to be cured quickly. In this work, a novel synthesis strategy, UV-initiated frontal polymerization (FP), for fast preparation of high-strength polymer concrete at room temperature is proposed, and the whole fabrication progress within several minutes, in which coarse aggregates and a small amount of short carbon fibers (CF) are used to enhance mechanical properties and heat conduction and reduce the amounts of chemical adhesives. SEM, DSC, MIP, Ultra depth of field microscope, and Rheometer are employed to characterize the properties of chemical adhesives, polymer concrete, and polymerization process. In addition, the finite element method is used to investigate the internal temperature field status of the FP process. The results indicate that the compressive and flexural strengths of the polymer concrete with 1.0 wt%-1 mm-CF-50 vol.%-quartz sand exceeded 70 and 20 MPa, respectively, in which the average self-propagation velocity reached 58 mm min −1 . The investigation provides a promising approach for the rapid construction of structural facilities, emergency repair after disasters, 3D printing concrete, etc.
研究领域:
材料科学
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土木工程
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聚合物化学
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建筑技术
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灾害管理
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3D打印
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POLYMER COMPOSITES
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2023
·
IF 5.2
Tingting Luo,Kunkun Fu,Huixin Zhu,Yuan Chen,Bin Yang,Yan Li
Frontal polymerization (FP) is a self-sustaining reaction that relies on polymerization exothermicity and heat transfer. This study explores the in-plane and in-depth FP mechanisms of continuous fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. First, the effects of initiator and diluent concentrations on the FP behaviors of neat epoxy resins were examined. It was found that the frontal velocity and frontal temperature of the neat resins increase with an increase of either the initiator concentration or the diluent content, depending on the polymerization enthalpy and curing kinetics. Then, the FP behaviors of continuous carbon fiber and glass fiber-reinforced epoxy woven composites were investigated. The results showed that the in-plane FP behavior of the composites was primarily controlled by the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of the continuous fibers, whereas the in-depth FP behavior mainly depended on the pores of the woven fabrics. Highlights Frontal velocity and temperature of neat resins are controlled by the polymerization enthalpy and curing kinetics. The in-plane FP behavior of continuous fiber reinforced composites is dependent on the thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity of the fibers. The in-depth FP behavior of composite is determined by both the thermal conductivity of fibers and the pores of fabrics.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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高影响因子
Materials
·
2024
·
IF 3.1
Bin Li,Aolin Wu,Mengjing Zhou,Ying Wang,Zhigang Hu,Lihua Su
This study aimed to develop composite hydrogels with exceptional piezoelectric properties and pressure sensitivity. To achieve the objective, this study created a deep eutectic solvent (DES) by mixing choline chloride (ChCl), acrylamide (AM), and acrylic acid (AA). Barium titanate nanoparticles (BTNPs) were incorporated as fillers into the deep eutectic solvents (DES) to synthesize the composite hydrogels using frontal polymerization (FP). The mechanical and piezoelectric properties of the resulting composite hydrogels were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study found that the BTNPs/P(AM-co-AA) composite hydrogels exhibited excellent mechanical and piezoelectric properties. This is attributed to the high dielectric constant of BTNPs and the electrode polarization phenomenon when subjected to pressure. With a BTNPs content of 0.6 wt%, the maximum compressive strength increased by 3.68 times compared with the hydrogel without added BTNPs. Moreover, increasing the BTNPs content to 0.6 wt% resulted in a 1.48 times increase in generated voltage under the same pressure, compared with the hydrogel with only 0.2 wt% BTNPs. This study provides a method for preparing composite hydrogels with outstanding piezoelectric properties and pressure sensitivity.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2015
·Vol. 3
·期 33
·17351-17358
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IF 7.443
Chao Yu,Cai-Feng Wang,Su Chen
Stimuli-responsive hydrogels that are capable of adjusting to people's demands depending on environmental changes have attracted tremendous interest in recent years. To achieve flexibility for applications, multiresponsive smart materials are highly desirable, while it is still a great challenge to incorporate three or more responsive elements into one polymeric system. Herein, taking advantage of the magnetocaloric effect, we developed an interface-directed frontal polymerization to achieve the fabrication of versatile hydrogels within 5 min. The as-prepared hydrogels show auto-healing without the assistance of any external stimuli and the addition of graphene oxide (GO) can lead to better performance in toughness and healing efficiency. Moreover, the combination of chemical, pH, thermal and electrical responses takes place within the resultant copolymer that exhibits different swelling and bending behaviors towards various external changes. These features might provide the synthetic hydrogels great promise for a diverse range of applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子化学
·
智能材料
·
软物质物理
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Gels
·
2026
·Vol. 12
·期 6
·547
·
IF 6.4
Fucheng Li,Weixiong Yuan,Yonglin Chen,Chang Liu,Cai-Feng Wang,Su Chen
A time-saving approach to gelatin-based hydrogels with versatile properties is highly desirable. Herein, we report the rapid fabrication of new gelatin-containing hydrogels with favorable mechanical properties, biocompatibility and antibacterial capability. Frontal polymerization (FP) of acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), hydroxypropyl acrylate (HPA) with gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) enables the rapid formation of multifunctional hydrogels within 7 min, providing a highly efficient route for gelatin-based hydrogel fabrication. The effect of GelMA content on FP features and hydrogel properties was systematically investigated. The resultant hydrogels show attractive collective properties with tensile strength up to 101.3 kPa, elongation at break up to 227.7%, cell viability of 96% after 24 h, and antibacterial activity againstS. aureus(92.2%). In addition, the FP of the hydrogels with use of forsythia-derived carbon dots (F-CDs) as bioactive nanofillers is explored, conferring the hydrogels with enhanced mechanical performance and biocompatibility, demonstrating the applicability of this FP strategy upon incorporating functional additives. This work provides a simple and effective approach for the rapid preparation of gelatin-containing hydrogels with versatile functions promising for biomedical applications such as wound healing and tissue engineering.
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