BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
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2026
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IF 9
Xun Wang,Xiaolong Kong,Weisheng Wang,Ziwei Jing,Fei Wang,Zhiguo Wang,Xun Li
Optically pure linalool with (R)- and (S)-configurations is a pivotal chiral building block in the flavors and fragrances industry as well as in sustainable crop protection. However, current production of (R)- and (S)-linalool relies on plant extraction, which is severely restricted by the spatiotemporal differences in enantiomer distribution, leading to low yields and complex downstream separation processes. Herein, we developed a practical two-step batch resolution process based on the stereoselective linalool dehydratase-isomerase (LDI), isolated from Castellaniella defragrans strain 65Phen. Using the racemic linalool as substrate, (R)-linalool was obtained in the first batch, accompanied by the dehydration of (S)-linalool to β-myrcene. After fractional distillation, β-myrcene was stereoselectively hydrated back to (S)-linalool by LDI in the second batch. To overcome the thermodynamic constraints of enzymatic reactions and enhance the productivity, we further developed an in situ product removal strategy via selective adsorption using XAD-4 resin, which shifted the reaction equilibrium toward the formation of (S)-linalool and enhanced the hydration efficiency by 28.1-fold. Moreover, employing immobilized cells LDI@de-GA, we obtained 9.9 g of (R)-linalool with 98.0% enantiomeric excess (ee) value and 9.2 g of (S)-linalool with 97.3% ee from 20 g of racemic linalool, corresponding to a combined isolated yield of 95.5%. This work represents the first enzymatic resolution of linalool and establishes an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach for the synthesis of chiral linalool.
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CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
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2017
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IF 4.811
Yongbo Lyu,He Ren,Mengchao Yu,Xinying Li,Defu Li,Changdao Mu
This study aimed to prepare antibacterial wound dressings based on collagen and linalool/oxidized amylose inclusion complex. Encapsulation with oxidized amylose was used as an effective way to introduce linalool into collagen matrix. Our results showed that the content of linalool in the composite dressings was efficiently increased thanks to the solubilization effect of oxidized amyloses. The developed composite dressings possessed porous structure. They had abilities to keep the wound in moist environment and meanwhile prevent the excess exudates accumulation. The incorporation of linalool conferred the composite dressings with excellent antibacterial activities as expected. Moreover, the composite dressing with the highest content of linalool presented enhanced blood compatibility and good cell biocompatibility. This composite dressing effectively promoted granulation tissue formation and accelerated wound healing. It effectively prevented inflammation in regenerated skin tissue and scar formation too. Overall, the developed antibacterial wound dressings hold great potential for use in wound healing applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物医学工程
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药剂学
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伤口愈合
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
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2020
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IF 4.389
Jing Hu,Shanshan Liu,Weijun Deng
Linalool is a main component in different naturally derived essential oils, and widely used in household, personal care, food and therapeutic formulations. However, the application is limited due to its high volatility and low stability. In this study, an effective encapsulation with high loading ratio was built up together with thermal-redox dual responsiveness and controlled release properties. The emulsified linalool droplets were modified with carbon-carbon double bonds, followed by the precipitation polymerization with thermal sensitive monomer, N-vinyl caprolactam. The average size and the loading ratio of the prepared linalool capsules were 1.4 μm and 50.41 wt%. The linalool capsules exhibited thermal-redox dual responsive properties and the antioxidant-antibacterial performance. Especially, responding to the stimuli mimicking practical circumstance, the synthesized capsules presented excellent bacteria inhibiting effect. This work may open a new path for fragrance and essential oil encapsulation, enlarging them as the green biological antibacterial agents in different applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物学
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2023
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IF 8.2
Rongrong He,Weijun Chen,Qiuping Zhong,Ming Zhang,Jianfei Pei,Wenxue Chen,Haiming Chen
This study aimed to prepare sodium alginate-linalool emulsion (SA-LE) to overcome the low solubility of linalool and explore its inhibitory activity against Shigella sonnei . The results indicated that linalool significantly reduced the interfacial tension between SA and oil phase ( p < 0.05). Droplet sizes of fresh emulsions were uniform with sizes from 2.54 to 2.58 μm. The ζ-potential was between −23.94 and -25.03 mV, and the viscosity distribution was 973.62 to 981.03 mPa·s at pH 5–8 (near neutral pH) without significant difference. In addition, linalool could be effectively released from SA-LE in accordance with the Peppas-Sahlin model, mainly described by Fickian diffusion. In particular, SA-LE can inhibit S. sonnei with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 3 mL/L, which was lower than free linalool. The mechanism can be described as damaging the membrane structure and inhibiting respiratory metabolism accompanied by oxidative stress based on FESEM, SDH activity, ATP and ROS content. These results suggest that SA is an effective encapsulation strategy to enhance the stability of linalool and its inhibitory effect on S. sonnei at near neutral pH. Moreover, the prepared SA-LE has the potential to be developed as a natural antibacterial agent to address the growing food safety challenges.
研究领域:
食品科学
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微生物学
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药剂学
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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology
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2025
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IF 4.4
Yue Chen,Linbo Gou,Di Liu,Shengfang Wu,Xiuwen Zhou,Tai-Ping Fan,Long Wang,Yujie Cai
(S)-(+)-linalool, a valuable acyclic monoterpenol secondary metabolite of plants, finds extensive applications in the food, flavor and fragrance, pharmaceutical, and daily chemical industries. Microbial synthesis offers two pathways for its production, among which the mevalonate (MVA) pathway derived from halophilic archaea is more widely employed. However, the traditional Haloarchaea-type MVA pathway relies on bifunctional enzyme catalysis, consuming 3 molecules of ATP. Moreover, the catalytic activity of natural linalool synthase (LIS) is generally low, failing to meet industrial requirements. Additionally, linalool exhibits significant toxicity to microbial hosts, thereby limiting the production capacity of conventional chassis microorganisms. To address these bottlenecks, this study implemented systematic optimizations: Firstly, the Archaeal mevalonate pathway was reconstructed by replacing the original bifunctional enzyme with two monofunctional enzymes, successfully reducing ATP consumption to 2 molecules. Secondly, through directed screening and rational design, a high-activity linalool synthase mutant, CsMLIS I331V/I444L , derived from Coriandrum sativum , was obtained. Furthermore, an enzyme fusion strategy was adopted, involving the introduction of a long flexible linker between key genes, which significantly enhanced catalytic efficiency. Finally, S . marcescens HBQA7Δ sIaAB-pyc , a strain previously screened in our laboratory with broad-spectrum tolerance to terpenoids, was selected as the novel chassis cell. Collectively, these efforts resulted in the construction of a microbial cell factory for the efficient synthesis of (S)-(+)-linalool, laying a solid foundation for industrial-scale production.
研究领域:
代谢工程
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合成生物学
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微生物生物技术
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酶工程
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工业生物技术
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2025
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IF 9.8
Ziyu Gan,Jun Wang
Linalool, a key monoterpene volatile organic compound, plays a vital role in plant stress signaling and agricultural quality evaluation. Herein, we developed a portable sensing platform by integrating molecularly imprinted metal–organic framework nanozymes (MIP@His-MOF) with smartphone-assisted colorimetric analysis. Histidine-functionalized MIL-101 was designed to mimic the catalytic environment of horseradish peroxidase, while molecular imprinting introduced selective recognition sites for linalool. This dual-functional design led to a 3.9-fold increase in catalytic efficiency and significantly improved selectivity. The optimized sensor achieved a limit of detection of 0.14 ppm in solution and retained high sensitivity in a paper-based format (0.62 ppm). As a proof of concept, the paper sensor successfully differentiated black tea quality grades, showing strong correlation with GC–MS results. This work highlights a modular, low-cost, and field-deployable approach for volatile compound detection in precision agriculture and food quality monitoring.
研究领域:
分析化学
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传感器
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食品科学
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精准农业
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材料科学
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生物工程
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LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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2025
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IF 6.6
Shaoting Li,Yuxin Zheng,Wentao Ye,Xinyi He,Bingkui Li,Yawen Huang,Jiahao Ji,Miaomiao Chen,Shan Liang,Di Chen,Ruoyao Liu,Hongmei Zhang
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial ability of linalool and cinnamaldehyde and to investigate the effect of food components on their efficacy. Food components assessed in this study included sodium chloride, glycine, sucrose, ethanol, acetic acid, and lactic acid. The influence of varying concentrations of linalool or cinnamaldehyde, in combination with food components, on their antimicrobial efficacy against Salmonella Infantis was investigated using the checkerboard method and Weibull model, and was validated in beef broth and lettuce food model media. Flow cytometry analysis and transmission electron microscopy were used to examine morphological and biological changes of S. Infantis. The combination of 0.95 g/L linalool and 34 g/L sodium chloride showed the most significant synergistic interaction, while the combination of 0.84 g/L cinnamaldehyde and 1.05 g/L acetic acid exhibited the most significant antagonistic interaction. The study found that sodium chloride intensified the damaging effect of linalool on bacterial cell membranes, leading to faster cell inactivation, whereas acetic acid alleviated the damage to cell membranes, thereby reducing cinnamaldehyde's efficacy. This study investigated the antimicrobial efficacy of linalool and cinnamaldehyde and provided insights into their appropriate use in food by analyzing their interactions with food components.
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2025
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IF 6.2
Huanhuan Dong,Yafei Qu,Ertao Li,Jing Luo,Ibrahim Osman,Zhimin Wang,Hongnian Li,Kebin Li,Jiao Yin
The beet webworm, Loxostege sticticalis, whose oviposition behavior significantly affects population quantity and causes crop losses, has poorly understood olfactory mechanisms governing this behavior. Odorant receptors (ORs) play a critical role in the insect olfactory system. Here, three ORs (LstiOR1, LstiOR2, and LstiOR3) were cloned, with all highly expressed in female antennae. The two-electrode voltage clamp recording revealed that only LstiOR3 displayed broad tuning to nine host plant volatiles, especially linalool. Electroantennogram recordings confirmed that the nine ligands induced electrophysiological responses, with particularly strong responses observed for linalool in female antennae. Subsequently, dual-fragment RNA interference (RNAi) effectively silenced LstiOR3, significantly reducing the electrophysiological and behavioral responses of L. sticticalis to linalool. Additionally, molecular docking showed that LstiOR3 binds strongly to linalool through hydrogen bonds at VAL-199 and GLY-203. In summary, our studies elucidate the specific biological function of LstiOR3 via linalool detection in oviposition site selection.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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分子生物学
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神经生物学
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农业科学
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化学生态学
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 9.8
Ranran Xu,Wenlong Hu,Jiahua Zhou,Weibo Jiang,Luyao Chen,Baogang Wang
In this study, linalool microcapsules (LMs) were prepared through ionic gelation using linalool as the core material and sodium alginate as the wall material. The efficacy of LMs in cherry preservation and their inhibitory mechanism against brown rot (caused by Monilinia fructicola ) were investigated. The optimal preparation process conditions for LMs were determined, while encapsulation efficiency could reach 88.44 %. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the successful encapsulation of linalool in microcapsules, which exhibited good thermal stability and sustained-release properties. LMs enhanced the antioxidant capacity, disease resistance, and storage quality of cherries. The linalool significantly inhibited the mycelial growth and spore germination of M. fructicola by disrupting cell membranes, inhibiting ergosterol synthesis, and inducing reactive oxygen species accumulation, thereby suppressing the development of brown rot. These findings indicate that LMs can extend the shelf life of cherries and hold broad application prospects in fruit preservation.
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POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
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2024
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IF 6.4
Huaiyu Zhang,Yueli Zhou,Yue Yang,Lunaike Zhao,Hongbo Li,Lijie Long,Junjie Wang,Xuyan Wu,Zhao-Jun Wei
Alternaria alternata , a common fungal pathogen causes black mold in postharvest goji fruit. To explore the in vitro and in vivo impacts of linalool on the fungal infection, we treated A. alternata and infected goji fruit with varying linalool concentrations (0, 0.15, 0.45, and 1.35 mL L −1 ). Linalool repressed hypha growth, spore yield and germination, and germ tube length of A. alternata . Furthermore, we observed abnormal spore and mycelium morphology in the treated samples using optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. Linalool reduced lesion diameter and disease incidence in goji fruit. Moreover, transcriptomic analysis of pathogen revealed that linalool inhibited nitrogen metabolism, altered chitin and β -1,3-glucan metabolisms, downregulated the key gene expression related to ergosterol synthesis and sulfur and glutathione metabolisms, regulated the enzymatic antioxidant system, and impacted the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. Furthermore, linalool damaged the fungal cell wall integrity by inducing alkaline phosphatase and chitinase activities and β -1,3-glucan content and repressing β -1,3-glucanase and chitin synthase activities and chitin levels. Linalool elevated superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and declined peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities and glutathione content in A. alternata , leading to increased H 2 O 2 levels and ROS stress. Our data exhibited the promising antifungal effects of linalool with a future application in management of the postharvest rot of goji fruit.
研究领域:
植物病理学
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真菌学
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食品科学
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分子生物学
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS
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2016
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IF 2.196
Li Wan,Hengde Li,Cheng Huang,Yuqing Feng,Guoqiang Chu,Yuying Zheng,Wei Tan,Yanlin Qin,Dalei Sun,Yanxiong Fang
Linalool and geraniol are the primary components of rose oil, palmarosa oil, and citronella oil and many other essential oils, and two important compounds used in the flavour and fragrance, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industries. Phase equilibria (LLE, VLE, solubility, etc. ) and related thermodynamic properties of a mixture are essential in the processes design and control of mass transfer process. In this work, experimental (liquid + liquid) equilibria data of the systems (water + 1-propanl + linalool) and (water + 1-propanl + geraniol) are presented. The (liquid + liquid) equilibria of both systems were determined with a tie-line method at T = (283.15, 298.15 and 313.15) K under atmospheric pressure. The well-known Hand, Bachman and Othmer–Tobias equations were used to test the reliability of the experimental values. The influence of the temperature on the (liquid + liquid) phase equilibria of the mixtures, the binodal curves and distribution ratios of 1-propanl are shown and discussed. Moreover, the NRTL and UNIQUAC models were applied to fit the data for both ternary systems. The interaction parameters obtained from both models successfully correlated the equilibrium compositions. Furthermore, the ternary systems could be represented using the binary parameters of the thermodynamic model with a function of temperature.
研究领域:
化学工程
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热力学
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FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
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2026
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IF 8.8
Qiqi Sun,Zhanrui Huang,Wanying He,Lianhua Hu,Yuebo Li,Xiaohu Zhou,Hao Chen,Sen Tao
Dual inhibition of fungal growth and toxin production in marinated food systems. • Linalool-surfactin completely inhibits A. parasiticus growth and AFB 1 synthesis. • The synergy disrupts fungal cell membrane integrity and inhibits ATP synthesis. • Metabolomics reveals disruptions in cell cycle, energy, and amino acid metabolism. • Provides a theoretical basis for green control of AFB 1 in food processing/storage. This study aimed to control mycotoxigenic fungi in repeatedly used marinades and marinated foods and to elucidate the cooperative mechanism of linalool and surfactin against Aspergillus parasiticus growth and aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) synthesis by analyzing the changes in mycelial growth, AFB 1 content, ATP synthesis, and metabolites. Results showed that linalool inhibited A. parasiticus growth more effectively than surfactin, while their combination exhibited a strong cooperative effect, completely suppressing mycelial growth and AFB 1 synthesis at high doses. The linalool-surfactin combination effectively disrupted cell membrane integrity, reduced ATP synthesis, increased malondialdehyde content to 18.86 nmol/g, and decreased ATPase activity by 80.64%. Metabolomic analysis showed that the linalool-surfactin combination disrupted glucose metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, leading to the abnormal accumulation of metabolites such as glucose-6-phosphate and malic acid. Moreover, the combination induced abnormal expression of key metabolites such as L-glutamic acid, 3-sulfinylpyruvic acid, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate, disrupting pathways including amino acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and the cell cycle, thereby inhibiting the growth and toxin synthesis of A. parasiticus at multiple levels. This multi-level inhibition via membrane damage, energy disruption, and metabolic dysregulation provides a mechanistic basis for natural preservation strategies to control AFB 1 in marinade-based systems and marinated products. Download: Download high-res image (254KB) Download: Download full-size image
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