INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2024
·
IF 5.6
Zhanpeng Jiang,Xiaohang Liu,Jingyi He,Huijie Li,Jiuyin Pang,Guiquan Jiang
With the continuous reduction of petroleum resources, synthetic adhesives based on petrochemical products will face the problem of resource shortage. Soy protein is an environmentally friendly biobased material, but it has problems with poor water resistance and poor permeability. Pretreatment of soy protein with green deep eutectic solvent (DES) exposed hydrophobic groups and active sites. Through the measurement of infrared and ultraviolet spectra, the hydrogen bonds of soybean protein pretreated with DES were disrupted, the content of amino acid residues inside the sphere increased, the water contact angle changed from 46.3° to 88.5°, and the hydrophobicity was enhanced. After pretreatment, functional monomers were introduced into modified soy protein and bromine functional groups were introduced to prepare soy protein isolate bromide (SPI-Br) initiator. Through the activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) method, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted onto the molecules of soy protein. By controlling the redox reaction of the catalytic system, controllable radical polymerization technology was achieved. This method reduces the influence of oxygen on the reaction and makes the reaction conditions relatively relaxed. Through infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance characterization testing, soy protein isolate-graft-Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (SPI-g-PGMA) was successfully prepared. By optimizing the hot pressing process through response surface methodology, the bonding strength of plywood can reach 1.090 MPa, which is higher than the set value for Class II plywood using standard testing methods. This method has the advantages of green and environmental protection, making the soy protein copolymer prepared by this method have good industrial application prospects in green and environmental protection.
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高影响因子
Wood Material Science & Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 2.1
Yani Wang,Mengjie Jia,Yiyang Qi,Xiaoge Ji,Shijing Sun,Zhongyuan Zhao
In this study, a formaldehyde-free adhesive was developed for plywood, utilizing lactic acid (LA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and polymeric methylene diisocyanate (p-MDI). The optimal adhesive formulation was achieved with a 7:3 mass ratio of LA to PVA, 60% solid content, and synthesized at 100°C for 2 h with 7.5% p-MDI incorporated as the curing agent. Plywood manufactured with this adhesive, under hot pressing conditions at 130°C for 10 min and a spread rate of 200 g/m², exhibited the highest wet shear strength of 0.95 MPa, exceeding the China National Standard GB/T 9846–2015 (wet strength of Class II plywood ≥ 0.7 MPa). Curing behavior was evaluated using insoluble mass proportion (IMP) and thermal analysis. After curing at 130°C for 10 min an IMP content of 51.3% was observed, and thermal analysis revealed that polymerization occurred between 120°C and 170°C. The curing mechanism was further investigated and the results indicated that reactions between the isocyanate groups of p-MDI and the hydroxyl, ester, and carboxyl groups of the prepolymer chains resulted in the formation of a crosslinked polymer network, which contributed to the superior bonding performance. This study provided a novel and eco-friendly approach for the development of formaldehyde-free adhesives for plywood applications.
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高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2026
·
IF 8.1
Hongzhen Liu,Zelin Liu,Zifan Wang,Na Zhang,Yuetao Liu,Fengchen Qiao,Chuanhui Gao
The development and utilization of multifunctional biobased adhesives play a crucial role in achieving the green transformation of the adhesive industry. Inspired by the dynamic adaptation mechanism of wood cell walls, a high-performance polyurethane adhesive with a multi-level energy dissipation mode was successfully designed and prepared by constructing a dynamic network consisting of a rigid polyurethane (PU) framework and non-covalent cross-links. Different from the simple cross-linking design of traditional polyurethane adhesives with a single framework, this biobased adhesive innovatively constructs a multi-scale dynamic bond network. With the PU network serving as the rigid matrix for mechanical properties, efficient stress dissipation is achieved through the synergistic effect of three-level hydrogen bonds and polysulfide chains, endowing the adhesive with a high shear strength of 6.3 MPa. Moreover, by drawing on the antimicrobial activity of natural wood, a dual-effect synergistic mechanism combining physical and chemical antibacterial functions was established, which yields an excellent antibacterial efficiency of 98.9%. Particularly, the reversible nature of the dynamic network endows the adhesive with outstanding reprocessability, enabling the manufactured plywood to exhibit excellent bonding strength and toughness while allowing for its recycling and reuse. The entire adhesive preparation process is solvent-free, thus integrating environmental friendliness with economic efficiency. The sustainable biobased adhesive developed in this study not only provides a novel strategy for the upgrading of traditional polyurethane adhesives but also injects innovative impetus into the green and high-value development of the wood-based panel industry, demonstrating broad application prospects.
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高影响因子
Journal of Coatings Technology and Research
·
2023
·Vol. 20
·期 6
·2031-2044
·
IF 2.3
LV Xiaojing,Wang Jinwei,Guo Yong,Guo Yanxin
Phosphorus-containing liquid epoxidate polybutadiene (PDCP-LEPB) is synthesized and used as a reactive additive to improve the water, wear and fire resistance of UV-curable acrylate coatings containing nano-SiO 2 as a filler. The structure of PDCP-LEPB and the curing condition are confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The addition of PDCP-LEPB should be controlled at around 10% as shown by thermal stability measurements; with the addition of PDCP-LEPB, composites show earlier degradation to release flame-retardant components, and thus the fire resistance of plywood is improved when its surface is applied by the composite coatings containing PDCP-LEPB. Besides, the fire protecting ability can be greatly enhanced with SiO 2 addition due to the synergistic effect of P, Si and Cl coexistence in the matrix. The addition of PDCP-LEPB improves the water resistance of plywood as reflected by the water absorption rates, contact angle measurements and stain resistance test due to the hydrophobic nature of olefin backbone and increment of crosslinking density; the addition of nano-SiO 2 has a much more positive effect on the improvement in their stain resistance and wear resistance due to the increase in surface roughness and stiffness, respectively.
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高影响因子
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
·
2022
·Vol. 43
·期 8
·2200018
·
IF 5.006
Guochao Yang,Qiuhui Zhang
To improve the flame retardant performance of plywood and reduce the reagent loss and moisture absorption of the flame retardant, a bio-based supramolecular flame retardant is prepared by vacuum-pressure impregnation and high-temperature in situ polymerization in plywood. The best value of bonding strength appears at 170 °C, and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 170BF-B plywood is 42.3%. After hot pressing, the moisture absorption rate of the 170BF-B veneer is only 18.51%, while the loss resistance rate achieves 83.45%. Its residue at 700 °C is 91.36% higher than that of poplar veneer. In the combustion process, the peak value of heat release rate (PHRR) and heat release rate (HRR) of 170BF-B plywood are only 10.69% and 37.11% of that of untreated plywood. After combustion, an intumescent flame retardant layer exhibits a graphitization trend. In the flame retardant layer, there are not only functional groups, such as P═O, PO 4 3− , P O C decomposed by flame retardant but also characteristic functional groups of wood fiber, like C═O, C H, etc. The prepolymer BF-B, which is composed of phytic acid, urea, and dicyandiamide polymerized with chitosan or lignocellulose to form a supramolecular flame retardant connected with P O C and P O N functional groups, thus improving the flame retardant and anti-loss property by in situ polymerization.
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PubMed
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 8
Qianyu Zhang,Xiaobing Xie,Gaomin Su,Jiaxuan Song,Hong Lei,Jun Zhang,Xiaojian Zhou,Antonio Pizzi,Guanben Du,Xuedong Xi
Plywood is an important and widely used material for construction and furniture, and its properties are directly affected by the adhesives used. In order to develop an environmentally friendly adhesive with excellent bonding performance for the safe and healthy plywood production. Glucose as one of most reserves and widely distributed monosaccharide in nature, which was oxidized by sodium periodate (NaIO 4 ), then reacted with hexamethylenediamine via Schiff base reaction under ambient conditions to obtain oxidized glucose-hexamethylenediamine (OGH) resin wood adhesive. The whole preparation process was performed at ambient conditions and normal atmospheric pressure. The influence of the proportions of raw materials has been investigated, and the plywood was used to measure OGH resins bonding performance. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to characterize structures of OGH resin to investigate mechanism of the preparation reaction. The results show that when NaIO 4 addition was 9 % (w/w based on glucose), and the hexamethylenediamine with the same molar mass as glucose can yields the best bonding effect. The dry shear strength, 24 h cold water soaking wet strength, 3 h hot water(63℃) soaking wet strength, and 3 h boiled water wet strength of plywood bonded with this resin are as high as 1.76 MPa, 1.73 MPa, 1.11 MPa, 0.86 MPa respectively. This outstanding bonding performance and water resistance exceeds the GB/T 9846–2015 standard level (≥0.7 MPa), thus it has good potential as an industrial adhesive for wood bonding.
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高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES
·
2025
·
IF 3.5
Jiahao Shen,Meibing Liu,Teng Huang,Zhiqian Lin,Lang Wen,Fengqing Chen,Dan Xie,Haoran Ding,Jinqi Jiang,Yuanbo Jin,Chunde Jin,Jinfeng Dai
Considering the numerous applications of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin in wood-based building materials due to their low cost, light color, short hot-pressing time etc., simultaneously endowing UF with high water resistance, bonding strength and flame retardancy is imperative and challenged. In this study, polyborosiloxane (PBS) was polymerized by hydroxyl silicone oil (PDMS) with boric acid (BA) via solvent-free, one-pot method, and used to fabricate PBS/UF with efficient water resistance, bonding strength and flame retardancy for plywood. Since PBS exhibits dual effect of the unique viscoelasticity and contributes to form dense char layer during the combustion, PBS/UF adhesives can obtain excellent water resistance, bonding strength (dry/wet), and flame retardancy. The resultant heating rate from infrared thermal imaging of plywood with 5 % PBS/UF adhesives significantly slowed down, and corresponding burned through time delayed 20 s, as well as a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 28.6 %. Meanwhile, the dry and wet bonding strength respectively increased by 44.0 % and 24.7 %, demonstrating the well bonding strength and enhanced water resistance. Overall, the addition of PBS can not only improve the flame retardancy but also maintain the excellent mechanical properties of UF, even improve the water-resistance performance. This work provides an effective approach for obtaining UF with water resistance, flame retardancy and mechanical properties meanwhile in wood-based building materials applications.
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高影响因子
Wood Material Science & Engineering
·
2026
·
IF 1.9
Rongjian Wang,Haolong Luo,Zhenzhong Gao,Jian Li,Kexin Chen,Jin Sun
Conventional plywood currently suffers from formaldehyde emissions and the generation of smoke during fires. This study addressed these issues by preparing an eco-friendly, flame-retardant and smoke-suppressing plywood through the synergistic modification of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC) with nanocellulose (CNCs) and ferric citrate (FC). Research indicates that the chemical coordination between citrate ions and Mg²+ in FC inhibits the growth of loose acicular crystals in Phase 5, inducing its transformation into a dense gel-like Phase 5. Concurrently, the microscopic bridging cracks provided by CNCs enhance dry and wet strength by 2-fold and 4-fold respectively, while improving Class II bond strength by 40.2%. In cone calorimeter tests, the synergistic action of FC and CNCs formed a dense microporous carbon layer on the char surface, reducing total heat release (THR), total smoke release (TSR), and average CO yield by 17.8%, 33.6%, and 60.5%, respectively. This study offers novel insights for developing environmentally friendly adhesives.
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高影响因子
Journal of Building Engineering
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Junyue Shan,Chan Yang,Guoying Liu,Lijun Cao,Jieyu Wu,Yahui Zhang,Fangda Zhang,Mengyao Liu,Haiyan Tan,Yanhua Zhang,Qiuqin Lin,Wenji Yu
Fast-growing wood is widely used in plywood production due to its short growth cycle and low cost. However, its loose fiber structure, inferior material quality, and high flammability significantly limit the application range of plywood products and hinder high-value utilization. This paper reports a simple method for modifying fast-growing wood veneers. We modified phenolic resin with Mg(OH)₂@nano-silica composite particles and impregnated it into the veneers, constructing an organic-inorganic hybrid dual-network structure on both the surface and interior of the veneers. The plywood prepared from the modified veneers exhibited a bending strength of 115.6 MPa, a modulus of elasticity of 9.7 GPa, and a wet shear strength of 2.1 MPa, representing increases of 86.1 %, 47.0 %, and 90.9 %, respectively, compared to plywood made from unmodified veneers. Additionally, the peak heat release rate decreased by 15.3 %, and the ignition time was extended to 26 s. The uniformly distributed inorganic network effectively mitigated stress concentration and, together with the phenolic resin, formed an efficient thermal insulation layer, enhancing the flame retardancy of the material. This study offers a simple and effective treatment method for reinforcing fast-growing wood veneers, promoting the use of fast-growing wood in high-performance applications.
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高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2024
·
IF 10.7
Shiqing Chen,Mingyang Bai,Qihang Wang,Xinyi Li,Jiawei Shao,Sheldon Q. Shi,Wenrui Zhou,Jinfeng Cao,Jianzhang Li
The development of a biomass adhesive as a substitute for petroleum-derived adhesives has been considered a viable option. However, achieving both superior bonding strength and toughness in biomass adhesives remains a significant challenge. Inspired by the human skeletal muscles structure, this study reveals a promising supramolecular structure using tannin acid (TA) functionalized poly-β-cyclodextrin (PCD) (TA@PCD) as elastic tissues and chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) as green reinforcements to strengthen the soybean meal (SM) adhesive crosslinking network. TA@PCD acts as a dynamic crosslinker that facilitates reversible host-guest interactions, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions between adjacent stiff ChNCs and SM matrix, resulting in satisfactory strength and toughness. The resulting SM/TA@PCD/ChNCs-2 adhesive has demonstrated satisfactory wet and dry shear strength (1.25 MPa and 2.57 MPa, respectively), toughness (0.69 J), and long-term solvents resistance (80 d). Furthermore, the adhesive can exhibit desirable antimildew characteristics owing to the phenol hydroxyl groups of TA and amino groups of ChNCs. This work showcases an effective supramolecular chemistry strategy for fabricating high-performance biomass adhesives with great potential for practical applications.
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PubMed
高影响因子
Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy
·
2025
·
IF 5.8
Mengjie Jia,Yani Wang,Yiyang Qi,Xiaoge Ji,Zhongyuan Zhao,Shijing Sun
In the plywood industry, formaldehyde-based adhesives are commonly used, but the health risks associated with them are a significant concern. As a result, there has been a growing emphasis on developing formaldehyde-free alternatives. This study presents an eco-friendly adhesive formulated from vinyl acetate-ethylene (VAE) copolymer emulsion and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The synthesis conditions, curing behavior, synthesis mechanisms and curing mechanisms were further investigated. The optimal preparation conditions were as follows: VAE emulsion and 4 % PVA1788 were synthesized at 90 °C for 2 h, and the solid content was adjusted to 50 % by adding distilled water. Subsequently, 5 % pMDI was incorporated. The wet shear strength of the resulting adhesive, which is 0.93 MPa, met the requirements of the Chinese national standard GB/T 9846-2015 (≥0.7 MPa) for Class II plywood. The curing behavior of the VAE-PVA adhesive was investigated by measuring the insoluble mass proportion and thermal analysis. The results showed that when the adhesive was heated at 130 °C for 10 min, the insoluble mass proportion reached 81.16 %, and an endothermic reaction occurred at approximately 100 °C. To investigate the synthesis mechanism of VAE-PVA adhesive, FT-IR analysis revealed that esterification occurred between the VAE emulsion and the hydroxyl groups in PVA. Additionally, FT-IR analysis, XPS analysis, and Py-GC/MS analysis were used to explore the curing mechanism of the VAE-PVA adhesive. The results indicated that during the curing process, pMDI polymerized with the vinyl groups in the VAE emulsion and the hydroxyl groups in PVA, forming a three-dimensional network of cured polymer.
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高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 8
Jinpeng Wang,Yang Su,Xue Yang,Fengrong Xin,Jian Wang,Chaoyi Fan,Zhen Yang,Dandan Peng,Zhehong Shen,Qun Fang,Sai Wu
As a bio-based wood product, plywood is widely used in furniture, flooring, packaging, architectural decoration, etc. However, the flammability of plywood limits its application. Using flame-retardant adhesives to prepare plywood is the simplest way to improve its flame-retardant properties. However, a challenge in flame-retardant adhesives arose from the negative effect of flame retardants on the curing and bonding properties of adhesives. Herein, we developed a method to prepare a flame-retardant adhesive modified by using Z-3A molecular sieves as carriers to load flame retardants such as phytic acid and ammonium polyphosphate. The flame-retardant performance of obtained plywood bonded by this flame-retardant adhesive was significantly improved with robust bonding strength under extraordinarily low loading of flame retardants. Even if the loading rate of ZPA flame retardant for 2-ZPA-5 plywood was as low as 2.2 %, the total smoke production and the maximal peak value of the heat release rate were reduced by 79 % and 14 %, respectively, with the limiting oxygen index being 33.6 %, the time to ignition delaying by 14 s, robust wet bonding strength being 1.79 MPa, anti-loss rate as 1.06 ± 0.18 %, and moisture absorption rate as 4.45 ± 0.14 %. The whole process needs neither tedious work or equipment nor high loading of flame retardants. This judicious design strategy offers a versatile and scalable approach to preparing flame retardant plywood.
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）