RSC Advances
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 20
·16790-16797
·
IF 3.289
Qian Zhao,Lin Zhu
Humic acid (HA) is the main component of dissolved organic matter in aquatic ecosystems and affects the bioavailability of contaminants. Prometryn is frequently used to control annual broadleaf and grass weeds and has been widely detected in the aquatic environment. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of HA on the chronic toxicity of prometryn in zebrafish. In zebrafish treated with 53.2 μg L−1 prometryn (P), prometryn with 5 mg L−1 HA (P + HA5), or prometryn with 15 mg L−1 HA (P + HA15), catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione (GSH) content in the visceral mass initially increased and then decreased with exposure time. After one day of exposure, malondialdehyde in the visceral mass increased by 58% to 64% in fish treated with prometryn and HA compared to those treated with prometryn alone, however, this difference disappeared during days 10 to 40. Treatment with HA enhanced the bioaccumulation of prometryn by 34% and 40% on day 1 in the P + HA5 and P + HA15 groups, respectively, possibly due to changes in gill membrane permeability. Nevertheless, the opposite result was observed during days 10 to 40, owing to the presence of more excreta and suspended particulate matter resulting in a reduction in the quantity of free dissolved prometryn in the P + HA5 and P + HA15 groups. There were significant correlations between CAT activity and prometryn concentration (0.562**, P < 0.01) and between GSH and prometryn concentration (0.808**, P < 0.01) throughout the first 20 days of the experiment, suggesting a role for these antioxidant systems in the detoxification of prometryn in zebrafish.
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
·
2026
·
IF 4.9
Wei Liang,Yilei Li,Ziang Zhao,Dongchu Zhao,Yue Wang,Liqiang Yang,Shaoguo Ru,Xiaona Zhang
The intensive use of herbicides, such as prometryn in agricultural and aquaculture, causes increasing environmental risks to aquatic organisms. However, current ecotoxicological studies primarily focus on the direct toxicity to single organisms in freshwater, neglecting their effects on marine plankton, particularly interspecific relationships and nutritional linkages. This study investigated both direct and indirect effects of the triazine herbicide prometryn on a marine zooplankton species, Brachionus plicatilis , through trophic transfer from phytoplankton. Results showed that while prometryn exhibited low direct toxicity to rotifers, exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations (5 and 50 μg/L) significantly suppressed rotifer population growth. This effect was driven by a bottom-up mechanism, in which prometryn reduced both the biomass and nutritional quality of the phytoplankton food sources Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Chlorella pacifica . Prometryn exposure significantly decreased the content of carbohydrates and fatty acids (FA), including saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in phytoplankton, especially with a severe reduction in the essential eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) observed at 50 μg/L. Consequently, rotifers consuming this nutritionally deficient phytoplankton exhibited reduced ingestion rates, decreased body size, and significantly lower levels of SFA, MUFA, and PUFA. The analysis also revealed a significant positive correlation in PUFA content between phytoplankton and zooplankton within the simplified planktonic food chain. Therefore, this indirect bottom-up effect of prometryn on zooplankton, mediated by affecting phytoplankton and causing a substantial deterioration in their nutritional profile, would likely pose a threat throughout the marine food chain.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
·
2023
·
IF 6.8
Peng Huang,Jinliang Du,Liping Cao,Jiancao Gao,Quanjie Li,Yi Sun,Nailin Shao,Yuning Zhang,Gangchun Xu
Prometryn, a triazine pesticide product used to control weed growth, poses a high risk to aquatic organisms in the environment. Several toxicological evaluations have been performed on bony fish and shrimp exposed to prometryn. However, there have been no reports conducted on the toxic mechanism of prometryn with regard to Eriocheir sinensis . In this study, our research evaluated the toxic effects of prometryn via in vitro and in vivo toxicity tests on E. sinensis. Firstly, we estimated the exposure toxicity of prometryn to E. sinensis , and then we constructed a 6 h transcriptional profile and conducted an enrichment analysis. To further reveal the toxicity of prometryn, the hepatopancreas (hepatopancreatic cells) was analyzed for antioxidant, immune and lipid-metabolism-related enzymes, antioxidant- and apoptosis-related gene expression, histopathology and TUNEL. From the results, we determined that the 96 h-LD50 was 70.059 mg/kg, and using RNA-seq, we identified 933 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were mainly enriched in the amino and fatty acid metabolism and the cell-fate-determination-related signaling pathway. The results of the biochemical assays showed that prometryn could significantly decrease the activities/levels of CAT, SOD, GSH, AKP and ACP, reduce the levels of T-AOC, TG, TCH, C3 and C4, and increase the MDA content. In addition, the expression levels of Nrf2 , GSTs and HO-1 were first upregulated and then downregulated with increasing time. Histopathology showed that prometryn damaged the structure of the hepatopancreas cells and induced apoptosis, suggesting that the PI3K–Akt signaling pathway may be involved in the damage process of hepatopancreas cells ( PI3K , PDK and Akt were downregulated whereas Bax was upregulated), leading to their apoptosis. The above results indicated that prometryn could cause injury of the hepatopancreas through oxidative stress, induce cell apoptosis, disrupt the lipid metabolism and cause immune damage. This study provided useful data for understanding and evaluating the toxicity of prometryn to aquatic crustacea.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Biosensors-Basel
·
2022
·Vol. 13
·期 1
·22
·
IF 5.743
Lingyuan Xu,A. M. Abd El-Aty,Jing Zhao,Xingmei Lei,Xiuyuan Zhang,Yun Zhao,Xueyan Cui,Yongxin She,Fen Jin,Jing Wang,Maojun Jin,Bruce D. Hammock
In this study, a previously unreported 3-((4-(isopropylamino)-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) amino) butyric acid hapten was designed and synthesized. This maximized the exposure of the antigen-determinant isopropyl of prometryn to the immune system in animals to induce the production of anticipated highly specific anti-prometryn antibodies. The hapten has a molecular weight of 285.37 Da. The compound was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1H NMR), nuclear magnetic resonance carbon spectroscopy (13C NMR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). By using the active ester approach, immunogens and coated antigens were created. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as an immunogen, along with the successfully produced hapten, to immunize mice. The IC50value of mouse monoclonal anti-prometryn antibody (mAb) 7D4 (the quantity of analyte that generated 50% prometryn inhibition) was 3.9 ng/mL. The anti-prometryn mAb was of the IgG1 subclass. The IC20(80% binding level (B/B0) of prometryn)-IC80(20% binding level (B/B0) of prometryn) range of the anti-prometryn monoclonal antibody standard curve working range was 0.9–18.1 ng/mL. The prepared mAb has good characteristics because it can specifically recognize prometryn, and the cross-reaction rates for ametryn, desmetryn, and terbumeton were 34.77%, 18.09%, and 7.64%, respectively. The cross-reaction rate with the other seven triazines was less than 1%. The hapten structure proposed can serve as an additional tool for modulating selectivity in detecting triazines.Keywords:prometryn;hapten;monoclonal antibody;immunoassays
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
·
2026
·
IF 3.4
Sichen Li,Yanyu Zhou,Haochen Niu,Weilu Kang,Guowei Fu,Bo Hu,Hongwei Zhao
Ocean warming events increasingly co-occur with coastal agrochemical pollution, yet their joint effects on coral holobiont molecular responses remain poorly resolved. We exposed the reef-building coral Galaxea fascicularis to near-threshold warming (30 °C), prometryn (1 μg L −1 ), and their combination for 4 days, and quantified coral host and Symbiodiniaceae protein abundance using TMT-based proteomics to capture early-stage molecular responses. Heat was the primary driver of proteome shifts, consistent with suppressed biosynthesis and reallocation toward maintenance, whereas prometryn imposed additional changes on specific pathways under heat. Under combined stress, symbionts showed a mismatch in which light harvesting increased without a proportional rise in reaction-center/electron-transport capacity, which may elevate excitation pressure and oxidative stress risk. Consistent with this interpretation, photophysiological measurements showed that light-adapted PSII parameters were more responsive than dark-adapted maximum photosystem II quantum yields ( Fv/Fm) during acute exposure, with the combined treatment showing modest but the clearest decline in photochemical performance. In parallel, host stress-associated signaling pathways were enriched, while antioxidant/detoxification functions were reduced in both partners. Together, these proteomic patterns suggest that prometryn exposure may compromise glutathione-based redox buffering capacity, thereby weakening the molecular response of a relatively heat-tolerant coral to near-threshold warming. The present study provides valuable insights into the critical need to prioritize the reduction of PSII herbicide pollution as part of coral reef protection strategies. Our findings support management efforts to reduce coastal PSII herbicide inputs as a local lever that could mitigate bleaching susceptibility under warming. Download: Download high-res image (289KB) Download: Download full-size image
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2021
·
IF 7.963
Zengyuan Wang,Xiaojie Sun,Shaoguo Ru,Jun Wang,Jiuqiang Xiong,Liqiang Yang,Liping Hao,Jie Zhang,Xiaona Zhang
Triazine herbicides are widely used in agricultural production, and large amounts of herbicide residue enter the ocean through surface runoff. In this study, the toxicities of the triazine herbicides atrazine, prometryn and terbutryn (separately and mixed) to Phaeodactylum tricornutum were investigated. The EC50 values of atrazine, prometryn and terbutryn were 28.38 μg L −1 , 8.86 μg L −1 , and 1.38 μg L −1 , respectively. The EC50 of an equitoxic mixture of the three herbicides was 0.78 TU, indicating that they had synergistic effects. The equitoxic mixture accumulated in P. tricornutum , which damaged chloroplast and mitochondria structures and significantly decrease the biomass, levels of key cellular components (such as chlorophyll a (chl a), carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, fatty acid content) and the effective photochemical quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII, ∆Fv/Fm). The mixture also downregulated key genes in the light response ( PsbD , PetF ), dark response ( PGK , PRK ), tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle ( CS , ID , OGD , and MS ) and fatty acid synthesis ( FABB , SCD , and PTD9 ). P. tricornutum partially alleviates the effects of the mixture on photosynthesis and fatty acid synthesis by upregulating PetD , PsaB , RbcL and FabI expression. The triazine herbicide mixture reduced the biomass and nutritional value of marine phytoplankton by inhibiting photosynthesis and energy metabolism.
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 5.202
Dong Wang,Guangxin Yang,Shaoguo Ru,Zhenzhong Zhang,Yuejiao Li,Jun Wang
Prometryn, a widely used triazine herbicide in agriculture and aquaculture, has been commonly detected in marine environments, but its effects on the marine copepod are unknown. In this study, marine copepod Tigriopus japonicus was chronically exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of prometryn to investigate its impacts and potential mechanism of action. The results showed that 0.5, 5, and 50 μg/L prometryn delayed the first spawning time and hatching time, reduced the fecundity, and inhibited the population growth rate. Moreover, exposure to 0.5, 5 and 50 μg/L prometryn decreased food ingestion, the content of C and N elements, nutrient accumulation and body size, but increased the content of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). Transcriptome analysis showed that 50 μg/L prometryn down-regulated 1431 genes, which were mainly enriched in lysosome pathway and chitin binding and cuticle construction process. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression of key genes involved in juvenile hormone synthesis and chitin metabolic pathways were also inhibited after prometryn exposure. Molecular docking revealed that prometryn could bind to ecdysone receptor (EcR) and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (UAP), components of the ecdysteroid nuclear receptor complex. Therefore, environmental relevant prometryn delayed the molting and development of T. japonicus by disrupting the ecdysone signal pathway and chitin metabolic pathway through binding to EcR and UAP. This study provides new insights into toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of prometryn on marine copepods.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
·
2020
·Vol. 95
·期 6
·1756-1772
·
IF 2.75
Guanshu Li,Yuejiao Cao,Ludong Yi,Jun Wang,Youtao Song
BACKGROUND The recovery and reuse of sonocatalysts are the pivotal issues in the sonocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. The use of some natural minerals as the carrier is not only beneficial to recycling of sonocatalysts, but also reduces the treatment costs of organic pollutants. Two kinds of hydroxyapatite (HAP), Ox Bone (OB)-HAP and synthesized (Syn)-HAP combine with the Pt-TiO 2 /(Er 3+ :Y 3 Al 5 O 12 @Ta 2 O 5 ) (P-TET) composite, obtaining two Z-scheme sonocatalysts, P-TET/OB-HAP and P-TET/Syn-HAP, respectively. The sonocatalytic activities of the prepared samples are investigated via degradation of prometryn and disinfection of Escherichia coli . RESULTS A series of characterizations showed that the Z-scheme P-TET/(OB or Syn)-HAP sonocatalysts were prepared successfully. To evaluate their sonocatalytic activities, some influencing factors such as ultrasonic irradiation time, inorganic oxidants, used times and trapping agents on the sonocatalytic degradation prometryn were determined. The best degradation ratio (80.31% based on N computing and 85.07% based on S atom computing) of prometryn could be obtained for 10 mmol L −1 K 2 S 2 O 8 , 1.0 g L −1 P-TET/OB-HAP sonocatalyst and 150 min ultrasonic irradiation. The excellent sonocatalytic disinfection ratio (88.65%) of E. coli could also be obtained under 40 min ultrasound irradiation. Moreover, a possible mechanism on sonocatalytic degradation of prometryn was illustrated. CONCLUSION The treated bovine bone HAP was directly used as a carrier to combine with P-TET to construct a novel Z-scheme P-TET/OB-HAP sonocatalyst. The high degradation ratio of prometryn and disinfection ratio of E. coli showed that P-TET/OB-HAP could be a promising sonocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants and the disinfection of bacteria. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2023
·
IF 8.8
Qiuli Li,Dinghui Fu,Yanyu Zhou,Yuanchao Li,Liang Chen,Zhaofan Wang,Yinglang Wan,Zanhui Huang,Hongwei Zhao
Nitrogen pollution and pesticides such as photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor herbicides have several detrimental impacts on coral reefs, including breakdown of the symbiosis between host corals and photosynthetic symbionts. Although nitrogen and PSII herbicide pollution separately cause coral bleaching, the combined effects of these stressors at environmentally relevant concentrations on corals have not been assessed. Here, we report the combined effects of nitrate enrichment and PSII herbicide (prometryn) exposure on photosynthesis, oxidative status and endosymbiont community diversity of the reef-building coral Acropora hyacinthus . Coral fragments were exposed in a mesocosm system to nitrate enrichment (9 μmol/L) and two prometryn concentrations (1 and 5 μg/L). The results showed that sustained prometryn exposure in combination with nitrate enrichment stress had significant detrimental impacts on photosynthetic apparatus [the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and oxidative status in the short term. Nevertheless, the adaptive mechanism of corals allowed the normal physiological state to be recovered following 1 μg/L prometryn and 9 μmol/L nitrate enrichment individual exposure. Moreover, exposure for 9 days was insufficient to trigger a shift in Symbiodiniaceae community. Most importantly, the negative impact of exposure to the combined environmental concentrations of 1 μg/L prometryn and 9 μmol/L nitrate enrichment was found to be significantly greater on the Fv/Fm, quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation [Y(NO)], NPQ, and oxidative status of corals compared to the impact of individual stressors. Our results show that interactions between prometryn stress and nitrate enrichment have a synergistic impact on the photosynthetic and oxidative stress responses of corals. This study provides valuable insights into combined effects of nitrate enrichment and PSII herbicides pollution for coral's physiology. Environmental concentrations of PSII herbicides may be more harmful to photosystems and antioxidant systems of corals under nitrate enrichment stress. Thus, future research and management of seawater quality stressors should consider combined impacts on corals rather than just the impacts of individual stressors alone.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）