JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2025
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IF 6.2
Guangyao Yan,Jianhua Xiao,Gang Tang,Yulu Liu,Xiaohong Zhang,Gaohua Hu,Yuqi Huang,Weiyao Yan,Qing Guo,Jiawei Shi,Ruyue Han,Yongqian Liang,Xiaohan Meng,Yongsong Cao
Prothioconazole (Prot) has been widely used for over two decades in controlling cereal diseases. However, the continuous emergence of resistance in plant pathogens has necessitated the development of novel fungicides. Thiosulfonate compounds have great application prospects due to their unique structural features and multisite activity. Herein, 25 novel Prot-based thiosulfonates were synthesized, and related antifungal activities were evaluated. Among them, 17 arylthiosulfonates exhibited better antifungal efficacy against Fusarium graminearum (EC50 = 0.07–0.22 mg/L) than Prot (EC50 = 0.41 mg/L). Interestingly, the most efficient compound, Tosyl-Prot (I-08) could be hydrolyzed to Prot in the environment and exhibited superior safety toward germination of wheat seed (86.67%) compared to Prot (0%). The antifungal mechanism of compound I-08 was demonstrated by disrupting the membrane integrity, inhibiting biomass accumulation, and suppressing multiple metabolic pathways. Therefore, Prot-based thiosulfonates would offer innovative strategies for the development of next-generation agricultural fungicides with multimodal actions and enhanced environmental compatibility.
研究领域:
农业化学
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杀菌剂开发
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植物病理学
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环境毒理学
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有机合成
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Agronomy-Basel
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2023
·Vol. 13
·期 12
·2906
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IF 3.7
Qingkui Fang,Zixuan Yan,Chengzhi Zhang,Yanhong Shi,Zhaoxian Zhang,Quan Gao,Jinjing Xiao,Min Liao,Chuanyong Qi,Haiqun Cao
To clarify the residue formation of prothioconazole and its main metabolite in wheat plants, the uptake, translocation, and metabolism of prothioconazole in wheat roots and leaves were investigated by nutrient solution culture and the spraying method. The results showed that prothioconazole and its metabolites showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing in wheat plants under two treatment methods, and the concentration of prothioconazole and its metabolites was higher in the high-concentration group (5000 μg/mL) than in the low-concentration group (1000 μg/mL). The transferability from stem to leaf was stronger than that from root to stem. In the nutrient solution culture, prothioconazole and its metabolites were mainly enriched in wheat roots. The concentration of prothioconazole in wheat roots increases with the increase in prothioconazole concentration and was significantly higher than the prothioconazole concentration on stems and leaves. In wheat leaves in the spraying method, prothioconazole and its metabolites were conducted from leaves to stems and roots up to the nutrient solution. Prothioconazole-desthio was detectable in wheat nutrient solution, while prothioconazole was not detected. Analysis of actual samples of 9 wheat grains and 28 flours showed that the residues of prothioconazole and its metabolites met the maximum residue limit (0.1 mg/mL) set in China and by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The results will provide a theoretical basis for the scientific use of prothioconazole and food security assurance.Keywords:prothioconazole;prothioconazole-desthio;wheat plant;uptake;translocation;metabolism;risk assessment
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Analytical Methods
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2024
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IF 2.7
Zhihui Guo,Mingya Deng,Wenwen Fang,Kang Zheng,Min Liao,Yulong Wang,Qingkui Fang
Prothioconazole and its metabolite are considered a potential threat to human health and environmental safety. Thus, the development of a sensitive and rapid detection method for prothioconazole is crucial to ensure the safety of agricultural products. In this study, a new hapten of prothioconazole was designed and synthesized, and a selective polyclonal antibody with high affinity against prothioconazole was produced, which was obtained from immunized New Zealand white rabbits. Based on the polyclonal antibody, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) and indirect competitive chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (ic-CLEIA) were developed for detecting prothioconazole pesticides. Under optimized experimental conditions, the limit of quantification (LOQ) values for ic-CLEIA and ic-ELISA were 1.8 and 10.7 ng mL−1, respectively. The results demonstrated that the sensitivity (LOQ) achieved by ic-CLEIA was more than five times higher compared to that obtained with ic-ELISA. In addition, the recoveries obtained by adding standard prothioconazole to wheat grain, soybean, and pond water samples were in the range of 81.9 to 104.7% for ic-ELISA and 89.0 to 118.0% for ic-CLEIA.
研究领域:
农业化学
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环境科学
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分析化学
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毒理学
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Scientific Reports
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2023
·Vol. 13
·期 1
·1-9
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IF 4.6
Wu Yalin,Yin Yuanjian,Chen Xin,Zhou Yeping,Jiang Shan,Zhang Mingming,Cai Guangcheng,Gao Quan
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a critical fungal disease causes serious grain yield losses and mycotoxin contaminations. Currently, utilization of chemical fungicides is the main control method which has led to serious resistance. Development of novel synergist is an important strategy to reduce the usage of chemical fungicides and postpone the development of resistance, while natural components are interesting resources. In this study, the synergistic effect of Taxodium 'zhongshansha' essential oil (TZEO) was determined and the best synergistic ratio (SR) of 3.96 in laboratory which was observed when the weight ratio of TZEO and prothioconazole was 1 : 1 with the corresponding EC 50 (half maximal effective concentration) value of Fusarium graminearum was 0.280 mg L −1 . Subsequently, an increase of 6.31% on the control effect to FHB index in field test was observed when compared to the treatment with prothioconazole alone, though there was no significant difference between these treatments. Furthermore, we established an effective method to detect the mycotoxin contaminations in wheat grain with the limits of quantifications (LOQs) value of 5 µg kg −1 (DON, ZEN, 3-DON, and 15-DON) and 1 µg kg −1 (OTA) and the contents were less to the maximum residue limit (MRL) values. It was also shown that the application of 20% TZEO EW led to a 20% reduction in the use of prothioconazole, which was calculated based on the control effect values of 86.41% and 90.20% between the treatments of 30% prothioconazole OD (225 g a.i ha −1 , recommend dosage) and 30% prothioconazole OD (180 g a.i ha −1 ) + 20% TZEO EW (225 mL ha −1 ), significantly. The initial residue of prothioconazole and prothioconazole-desthio was increased in the treatment with TZEO, which may play an important role in the synergistic effect on FHB. Moreover, none of the treatments posed a prothioconazole residue risk in the wheat grain and the environment. In addition, the essential oil has no any negative influence on wheat growth, which was revealed by a study of the chlorophyll content. These results provide an important botanical synergist for use with prothioconazole to control Fusarium head blight, and in-depth study to the synergistic mechanism of this oil is necessary in our future research.
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PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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2022
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IF 4.966
Xin Bao,Wangjin Xu,Jiajia Cui,Zixin Yan,Jianjun Wang,Xiaojun Chen,Zhiyuan Meng
Prothioconazole (PTC) is a widely used agricultural fungicide . In recent years, studies have confirmed that it exerts adverse effects on various species, including aquatic organisms , mammals, and reptiles. However, the toxicological effects of PTC on soil organisms are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the toxic effects, via oxidative stress and metabolic responses, of PTC on earthworms ( Eisenia fetida ). PTC exposure can induce significant changes in oxidative stress indicators, including the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the content of glutathione (GSH), which in turn affect the oxidative defense system of earthworms. In addition, metabolomics revealed that PTC exposure caused significant changes in the metabolic profiles of earthworms. The relative abundances of 16 and 21 metabolites involved in amino acids , intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and energy metabolism were significantly altered after 7 and 14 days of PTC exposure, respectively. Particularly, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that multiple different metabolic pathways could be disturbed after 7 and 14 days of PTC exposure. Importantly, these alterations in oxidative stress and metabolic responses in earthworms reveal that the effects of PTC on earthworms were time dependent, and vary with exposure time. In conclusion, this study highlights that the effects of PTC on soil organisms are of serious concern.
研究领域:
环境科学
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毒理学
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代谢组学
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土壤生态学
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2023
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IF 6.1
Jingyuan Wang,Rong Li,Zongyuan Zhao,Meiqing Zhu,Yi Wang
Prothioconazole (PTC) has been widely utilized for plant fungal disease control, but its metabolite prothioconazole-desthio (PTC-d) exhibits reproductive toxicity. In the present study, carbon quantum dot (CQD)-modified fluorescent double-hollow shelled mesoporous silica nanoparticles (FL-MSNs) loaded with PTC, referred to as PTC@FL-MSNs, were constructed with an average size of 369 nm and a loading capacity of 28.1 wt %, which could increase the antifungal efficiency of PTC. In addition, upright fluorescence microscope and UPLC-MS/MS studies showed that PTC@FL-MSNs could be effectively transported via root uptake and foliar spray in soybean plants. Compared to a 30% PTC dispersible oil suspension agent, the PTC@FL-MSN treatment group showed higher concentrations (leaves: 0.50 > 0.48 mg/kg), longer half-lives for degradation (leaves: 3.62 > 3.21 d; roots: 3.39 > 2.82 d), and fewer metabolites. These findings suggest that sustained pesticide release and toxicity reduction are potential applications for PTC nanofungicide delivery technology.
研究领域:
农学
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纳米技术
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植物病理学
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环境科学
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PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
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2023
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IF 4.1
Shujing Li,Jing Sun,Yue Gao,Aihua Zou,Jiagao Cheng
BACKGROUND Prothioconazole (PTC) is one of the leading fungicide products worldwide. However, excessive use of PTC facilitates the development of resistance. Pesticide compounding technology plays an important role in reducing pesticide resistance. Microspherization technology for the construction of pesticide dual-loaded systems has recently provided a new direction for researching novel and efficient pesticide formulations. In this study, prothioconazole-tebuconazole @ polylactic acid microspheres (PTC-TBA@PLA MS) were constructed by combining these two technologies. RESULTS The final PTC-TBA@PLA MS was selected by an orthogonal method, which were uniformly spherical with smooth surface. The resultant drug loading (DL) and average particle size of PTC-TBA@PLA MS were 31.34% and 22.3 μm, respectively. A PTC-TBA@PLA MS suspending agent (SC) with a high suspension rate of 94.3% was prepared according to the suspension rate, dumping ability and stability. Compared with a commercial SC, the PTC-TBA@PLA MS SC had a larger cumulative release and better interfacial properties. Biological experiments showed that PTC-TBA@PLA MS SC had an obviously improved bactericidal effect than the commercial SC. CONCLUSION The constructed PTC-TBA@PLA MS system detailed here is expected to reduce the risk of resistance and the frequency of pesticide use while enhancing fungal control. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
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IF 7.7
Junfan Niu,Chao Wang,Ke Qiao,Min Liao,Ying Liu,Yi Ding,Huanhuan Yao,Huili Zhang,Haiqun Cao
Poor foliar deposition and retention of pesticides results in serious pesticide residues and environmental pollution. Organic-inorganic hybridized nanoparticles (OIHN), combining the advantages of organic and inorganic materials, can be used as carriers to load pesticides for efficient and safe application. Herein, a novel multifunctional OIHN composed of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and cationic chitosan quaternary ammonium salt (HACC) was constructed and used as a delivery system for prothioconazole (PTC). The resultant PTC@MSNs-HACC exhibited a remarkable loading capacity of 39.07 wt% and demonstrated enhanced PTC release (31.47 %) under alkaline conditions. The UV-shielding properties of MSNs efficiently shielded PTC from photodegradation, increasing its photostability by over threefold. The strong positive charge of HACC conferred excellent adhesion of PTC@MSNs-HACC to fungal cell membranes, leading to high deposition on wheat leaves with improved rain-wash resistance (increased by 30 %). Consequently, PTC@MSNs-HACC (EC 50 : 12.48 mg/L) exhibited superior wheat scab control compared to PTC emulsifiable concentrate (EC 50 : 28.49 mg/L). Additionally, PTC@MSNs-HACC displayed excellent uptake and transport in plants, ensuring plant safety and reducing toxicity to zebrafish by >1-fold. The potential application of the developed PTC@MSNs-HACC in agricultural production holds significant promise and is anticipated to find widespread use in the future.
研究领域:
农业科学
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植物保护
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材料科学
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高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2023
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IF 8.8
Xingle Guo,Xiaojiao Zheng,Xu Guo,Junxue Wu,Xu Jing
Emulsive liquid–liquid microextraction (ELLME), a simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly technique, was established to identify chiral prothioconazole and its chiral metabolite in water, juice, tea, and vinegar using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Environmentally friendly extractant was mixed with pure water to prepare a high-concentration emulsion, which was added to samples to complete the emulsification and extraction in 1 s. Afterward, an electrolyte solution was added to complete the demulsification without centrifugation. ELLME did not use dispersants compared to the familiar dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME), thus reducing the use of toxic solvents and avoiding the effect of dispersants on the partition coefficient. The linear range was from 0.01 to 1 mg/L. The limit of detection was 0.003 mg/L. The extraction recoveries ranged from 82.4 % to 101.6 %, with relative standard deviations of 0.7–5.2 %. The ELLME method developed has the potential to serve as an alternative to DLLME.
研究领域:
分析化学
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环境科学
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食品科学
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