RENEWABLE ENERGY
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2025
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IF 9.1
Zhen He,Quanwei Lv,Xia Jiang,Yang Su,Guangmei Cao,Xianggang Zhang,Lingling Xie,Haijun Wu
The co-pyrolysis of straw and polyethylene (PE) enhances pyrolysis oil quality by reducing oxygenated compounds and increasing hydrocarbons. However, the synergistic mechanisms between straw's main components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and PE are not well understood. This study investigated these interactions, revealing a two-stage reaction: cellulose and hemicellulose dominate the first stage, while PE and lignin dominate the second. Significant synergistic effects were observed at 550 °C during the co-pyrolysis of straw and PE, resulting in at least a 17.84 % increase in alkanes and a decrease in oxygenated compounds. Free radicals from PE facilitated the cleavage of carbonyl bonds and promoted deoxygenation, leading to more hydrocarbons. Hemicellulose inhibited ester conversion (ΔV esters = −3.00 %), while lignin suppressed ketone and alcohol formation (ΔV ketones = −12.14 %, ΔV alcohols = −1.07 %). These findings align with straw-PE co-pyrolysis results, providing new insights into the synergistic mechanisms between lignocellulosic biomass and plastics.
研究领域:
能源与环境科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMOSPHERE
·
2023
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IF 8.8
Xiaojing Qin,Song Cheng,Baolin Xing,XiaoXaio Qu,Changliang Shi,Weibo Meng,Chuanxiang Zhang,Hongying Xia
Poplar waste is acted as feedstock to produce renewable biofuel and green chemical by catalytic pyrolysis using ferric nitrate and zinc chloride as additive. The additive contributes to the generation of furfural in bio-oil. Additive promotes the generation of H 2 and inhibits the generation of CO with bio-gas heating value of 12.16 MJ (Nm 3 ) −1 . Biochar exists ZnO and Fe 3 O 4 with large surface area, which could be used as absorbent and photocatalyst for tetracycline and ciprofloxacin removal. The tetracycline and ciprofloxacin adsorption amount of biochar are 316.41 and 255.23 mg g −1 respectively. While the photocatalytic degradation removal of the tetracycline and ciprofloxacin is close to 100%. The adsorption and photocatalytic degradation mechanism are investigate and analyzed using the density functional theory and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis. Biochar can be quickly recycled and regenerated after use. Besides, biochar can be used in lithium ion battery industry for energy storage, which specific capacity is 535 mAh g −1 .
研究领域:
环境科学
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能源科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Applied Sciences-Basel
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2025
·Vol. 15
·期 11
·6284
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IF 2.5
Peiqi Chen,Gang Li,Jie Shao,Baoping Bai,Jie Hu,Xiang Han,Anning Zhou,Qiuhong Wang,Fuxin Chen
In this study, we use coal as a carbon source from Zhangjiamao and doped with different nitrogen sources for co-pyrolysis. Nitrogen-rich tar was successfully prepared, and the content and variety were also increased. From the elemental analysis, the nitrogen content of all the tars was significantly enhanced, among which the nitrogen content of the tars after co-pyrolysis with melamine was enhanced by 5.21%, and the nitrogen content of coke was enhanced by 10.87%. According to the GC/MS results, it was found that the nitrogen compounds in the tar after full pyrolysis were richer and more abundant than those in Py-GC/MS. For the free radical reaction, the reaction process is extremely rapid, and the15N substitution product after isotope labeling was successfully captured by adding15NH4Cl for isotope labeling, which can be more intuitively and accurately illustrated from them/zchange. Among them, 26 nitrogen-containing compounds were screened out, which accounted for 66.28% of the content, and they were categorized. It was found that the five-membered nitrogen heterocycles were the most abundant, accounting for 34.88%. In addition, five other nitrogen-containing compounds containing different functional groups and the tar from the co-pyrolysis of tar-rich coal were also analyzed by GC/MS, among which the tar from melamine had the highest content of nitrogen-containing compounds, with 70.48%. Finally, the functional groups of nitrogen-containing compounds were further analyzed by XPS and FTIR, and the results were consistent with those of GC/MS analysis. In this paper, nitrogen-rich tar was prepared by co-pyrolysis of tar-rich coal and nitrogen compounds. This achievement provides a valuable reference for the high-value utilization of coal tar.
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2021
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IF 5.541
Xiao-Li Zhou,Pin-Jing He,Wei Peng,Fan Lü,Li-Ming Shao,Hua Zhang
Pyrolysis of plastics is a promising technique towards high-value utilization and solvent-free treatment of plastic waste. However, low product selectivity and broad product distribution may restrict the application of plastic pyrolysis. In this study, polyolefins and polystyrene (PS) were converted into methane and carbon spheres through pyrolysis under autogenic atmosphere (AAP). To elucidate the product evolution and reaction mechanism of AAP, product distributions, compositions and properties at 450–700 °C were investigated. At 450 °C, polyolefins were converted into 89.3–96.91 wt% pyrolysis oil ; PS was converted into 88.4 wt% of pyrolysis oil, 2.3 wt% of gas and 9.3 wt% of char. As the increase of temperature, the yields of methane and pyrolysis char increased significantly. At 700 °C, the yields of pyrolysis chars were as high as ~45 wt% and 74.1 wt% for polyolefins and PS, respectively, and the rest products was mainly pyrolysis gas with less than 1 wt% of pyrolysis oil. Pyrolysis chars were well carbonized spheres with diameters of 2 − 8 µm. Pyrolysis gas contained 93.83–95.74 vol% of methane, and possessed higher heating values of 35.8–36.2 MJ m −3 . The pyrolysis products with high purity and narrow distribution can be attributed to the enhancement of AAP on the secondary reactions of primary decomposition products, such as cracking, hydrogenation, aromatization and condensation .
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RENEWABLE ENERGY
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2021
·
IF 8.001
Shanshan Shao,Chengyue Liu,Xianliang Xiang,Xiaohua Li,Huiyan Zhang,Rui Xiao,Yixi Cai
Catalytic conversion of pyrolysis vapor from biomass was performed over CeO 2 catalysts to produce ketones. Thermogravimetric-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TG-GC/MS) and TG-MS were applied to understand the distribution of pyrolysis vapors from various biomass including rape straw, poplar, cypress and bagasse. The favorable biomass feedstock with high yield of ketones and other useful components were screened out for directional ketonization. The results showed that the temperature range of biomass pyrolysis was generally below 400 °C, and bagasse was a reasonable raw material for ketonization with the highest yield of ketones of 33.68% at 380 °C, since it contained the most cellulose and hemicellulose in biomass of the same quality. The activity of acetone increased at higher temperature, and secondary reaction occurred, resulting in a reduction in the overall yield of ketones. The total yield of ketones from bagasse treated for 9 h was boosted by 16.18% higher than that from nonseawater-treated biomass. By the introduction of metal ions effectively, the component of the pyrolysis vapor changed, making it easier for large molecular substances to be converted to small ones during pyrolysis. Through this research, the effective utilization of biomass could be realized.
研究领域:
能源与环境科学
·
催化化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
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2022
·
IF 11.533
Tan Li,Kai Miao,Zhigang Zhao,Yuqing Li,Huiyuan Wang,Atsushi Watanabe,Norio Teramae,Kaige Wang
The product distributions of cellulose pyrolysis under different pressures, temperatures, and atmospheres were investigated using a high-pressure micropyrolyzer to clarify the pyrolysis reaction mechanism of cellulose decomposition with hydrogen. EGA-MS results shows that the increase in hydrogen pressure prolonged the second stage of cellulose pyrolysis, which was dominated by decarboxylation. Pyrolysis products of cellulose under helium mainly included levoglucosan, furfural, and acids, while cellulose hydropyrolysis mainly produced C5-C7 ketones, besides small amount of alcohols, aromatics and aliphatic hydrocarbons, and even small amount of phenolics. Carbon yield of ketones was as high as 27.2% from cellulose hydropyrolysis under 2.5 MPa hydrogen and 500 °C. The yield of liquid products and non–condensable hydrocarbons increased with elevated hydrogen pressure. The formation mechanisms of aromatics, phenolics, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols under hydrogen atmosphere were discussed. Acetaldehyde was produced by acids through a HDO reaction. C5-C7 chain ketones and cyclic ketones were generated by furfural through HDO and hydrocracking reactions. The Diels–Alder reaction to generate aromatics was enhanced by increasing pyrolysis temperature under hydrogen atmosphere. The reaction network of cellulose hydropyrolysis was also proposed.
研究领域:
化学工程
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能源科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Reaction Chemistry & Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 3.1
Tie Liu,Haodong Gao,Yu Liu,Zefeng Deng,Ying Zeng,Shiyuan Xu,Jing Hong,Jiahui Wang,Jiangle Zhang
Through the co-pyrolysis of PVC and xylan, the HCl released during pyrolysis effectively catalyzes the deoxygenation of oxygenated intermediates (such as aldehydes, ketones, and acids) derived from xylan pyrolysis, thereby suppressing the formation of these coke precursors and reducing char residue. To further enhance the co-pyrolysis efficiency of PVC and xylan, this study employed two types of medium- to high-temperature heterogeneous catalysts for the catalytic pyrolysis of PVC and xylan mixtures. An innovative approach combining self-developed in situ pyrolysis photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry with in thermogravimetric infrared spectroscopy was utilized for in-depth investigation. Specifically, a detailed analysis of the catalytic effects and mechanisms during the co-pyrolysis of PVC and xylan was conducted using representative aluminosilicate catalysts (HZSM-5, ZSM-5, USY) and a metal oxide catalyst (ZnO). The results indicate that, compared to the pyrolysis of pure xylan, the relative intensity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) generated from the co-pyrolysis of PVC and xylan decreased (for instance, by 25.4% and 20.6% at m/z = 130 and 180, respectively). Furthermore, both types of heterogeneous catalysts promote PVC pyrolysis to release HCl and effectively lower the formation temperature of co-pyrolysis products from PVC and xylan, with zinc oxide demonstrating the most pronounced catalytic effect. The acid sites of aluminosilicate catalysts facilitate the deoxygenation of xylan, while ZnO promotes the formation of polyene chains from PVC and the dehydrogenation of xylan-derived molecules. Overall, catalytic pyrolysis is a highly promising method for chemical recycling, enabling the transformation of waste plastics and xylan into high-value chemicals or fuels.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
·
IF 12.5
Yu Zhang,Muhammad Sajjad Ahmad,Wenjun Zhou,Yingna Li,Rongpu Cao,Boxiong Shen
Understanding the molecular mechanism of biomass–plastic co-pyrolysis is critical for optimizing mixed-waste conversion into clean fuels. This study integrates rapid Py-GC/MS experiments (400–700 °C) with ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations (2000–2600 K) to unravel temperature-dependent reaction pathways during the pyrolysis of cellulose and its co -pyrolysis with polyethylene (CELL:PE = 3:1). Increasing temperature suppressed light-tar fractions and enhanced heavy-tar and coke yields, trends consistently reproduced by simulations. ReaxFF-MD revealed that elevated temperatures accelerate secondary condensation and cross-linking, intensifying agglomeration and promoting H₂ and H₂O formation through synergistic dehydrogenation and dehydration. Co-pyrolysis reduced inorganic-gas evolution (≈ 2.5–20%) relative to cellulose alone (≈ 20–65%), stabilized organic-gas production, and increased the H₂/H₂O ratio. Sequential radical evolution—H₂O → CO → H₂ → CO₂—and charge transfer analyses indicated progressive oxidation and coke maturation (declining H/C and O/C ratios). The combined simulation–experiment framework identifies temperature windows that minimize inorganic gas penalties while enriching H₂-containing gases, offering actionable guidance for temperature-programmed biomass–plastic conversion reactors.
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Yuxin Wen,Wenqing Lv,Yilong Xu,Liangyan Ma,Haoquan Hu,Lijun Jin
Pyrolysis is a potential approach to treat post-consumer waste natural rubber (NR), however, unclear pyrolysis mechanism restricts its actual utilization. In this work, thermal degradation of NR was investigated combining dynamical method with pyrolysis on the infrared-heating fixed-bed reactor. Results show that thermal degradation of NR is an apparently exothermic and multistep reaction, tar yield reaches up to 96.59 wt%. Pyrolysis tar mainly consists of cycloolefin with a small quantity of chain olefins and mono-ring aromatic hydrocarbons. High temperature reduces the cycloolefin yield but promotes the generation of mono-ring aromatic hydrocarbons. Tar is mainly composed of dimer (C10) or trimer (C15) of isoprene with different structures. H type in tar is mainly aliphatic hydrogen. Besides, a possible pyrolysis mechanism based on the β bond breakage was proposed. The work can provide a theoretical basis for direct control of high value-added products during NR pyrolysis and achieve high efficiency pyrolysis of NR.
研究领域:
化学工程
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环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2021
·
IF 6.609
Fanggang Liu,He Yang,Lijun Jin,Yang Li,Zichao Tang,Haoquan Hu
The pyrolytic behaviors of three aromatic ethers were investigated by a self-developed pyrolysis coupled with single-photon ionization molecular-beam mass spectrometry at pressure of pyrolysis chamber 3–6 Pa and temperature from 200 °C to 1100 °C. The results showed that the homolysis of C-O/C-C bridged bonds results into the formation of phenyl, benzyl, phenethyl and phenoxyl radicals. The cracking of benzyl and phenoxyl radicals generates cyclopentadienyl radical around 800 °C. The reaction route of cyclopentadienyl radical to methylcyclopentadiene to benzene existed in all three aromatic ethers pyrolysis process, and two reaction paths for the formation of styrene were also observed. Furthermore, a lot of new polycyclic compounds, such as phthalan, naphthalene, biphenylene, fluorene, dibenzofuran, phenanthrene, 9,10-dihydro-phenanthrene and 9-ethylidenefluorene, are formed through dehydrocyclization and rearrangement of partial thermal cracking species. A reasonable thermal cracking pathway was proposed. Partial experimental results were supported by the density functional theory calculation at the B3LYP level.
研究领域:
化学
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分析化学
·
物理化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
·
2018
·
IF 4.217
Yunwu Zheng,Lei Tao,Xiaoqin Yang,Yuanbo Huang,Can Liu,Zhifeng Zheng
In order to understand the pyrolysis mechanism, reaction kinetic and product properties of biomass and select suitable agricultural and forestry residues for the generation desired products, the pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis characteristics of three main components (hemicellulose, cellulose , and lignin) of biomass were investigated using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) with a fixed-bed reactor. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and elemental analysis were used for further characterization. The results showed that: the thermal stability of hemicellulose was the worst, while that of cellulose was higher with a narrow range of pyrolysis temperatures. Lignin decomposed over a wider range of temperatures and generated a higher char yield. After catalytic pyrolysis over HZSM-5 catalyst, the conversion ratio increased. The ratio for the three components was in the following order: lignincellulose < biomass < xylan . The Starink method was introduced to analyze the thermal reaction kinetics, activation energy (Ea), and the pre-exponential factor (A). The addition of HZSM-5 improved the reactivity and decreased the activation energy in the following order: xylan (30.54%) > biomass(15.41%) > lignin (14.75%) > cellulose (6.73%). The pyrolysis of cellulose gave the highest yield of bio-oil rich in levoglucosan and other anhydrosugars with minimal coke formation. Xylan gave a high gas yield and moderate yield of bio-oil rich in furfural, while lignin gave the highest solid residue and produced the lowest yield of bio-oil that was rich in phenolic compounds. After catalytic pyrolysis, xylan gave the highest yield of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, 76.40%, and showed selectivity for benzene and toluene. Cellulose showed higher selectivity for xylene and naphthalene; however, lignin showed enhanced for selectivity of C10 + polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Thus, catalytic pyrolysis method can effectively improve the properties of bio-oil and bio-char.
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2021
·
IF 6.609
Jiu Chen,Bin Li,Cheng-Yang Cao,Si-Yuan Zhou,Li-Feng Xie,Dan Zhang
As a novel rich nitrogen content material, 5-Amino-1 H -Tetrazole (5AT) has been considerably popularized in the propellants area recently. The pyrolysis is deemed as the prelude of combustion for solid phase 5AT, which plays a crucial role in combustion process and grasping the pyrolysis characteristics will be more beneficial to further explore the combustion properties of 5AT-based propellant. In this paper, several efforts have been made to enhance the pyrolysis behaviors of 5AT, including employing metal particles as catalysts, and modifying the surface treatment method. Due to the calorific value, the boron and copper powder are selected as the potential catalysts. The solvent/non-solvent (S/NS) and solution recrystallization method are compared to explore the impact of these two modification methods. TG-FTIR technique is applied to capture evolved signals of organic compounds to further deduce the most probable decomposition pathway. Moreover, model-free and model-fitting methods are both employed to calculate the kinetic parameters. The results reveal that, for the modified 5AT samples with the same boron powder catalyst, the activation energies and reaction model (all governed by F4) in the initial stage (100–330 °C) are not significantly impacted by these two modification methods. However, during the latter stages (400–750 °C), the catalytic actions of boron powder appear to be more active, and solution recrystallization method exerts better modification effect, the activation energies was reduced 18.3 kJ/mol and 10.9 kJ/mol respectively for the latter stages compared to S/SN method. Also, the reaction model is transformed from n th -dimensional model (D3) to n th -order model (F1) in the third stage. Particularly, the catalytic actions of copper powder results in the simplification of decomposition steps for 5AT, the activation energies was 138.8 kJ/mol and the catalytic effect of which was improved about 25% compared to the catalytic effect of boron powder in the first stage and its reaction model is also found to be changed into F3. It illustrates that copper powder could embody a better catalytic effect than boron powder under the same modification method. The conclusions of this study could provide a worthwhile guidance for the understanding, designs and applications of the 5AT-based propellants.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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燃烧科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）