NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2020
·Vol. 44
·期 45
·19902-19907
·
IF 3.288
Huan Ling,Hongbo Dai,Fengyu Su,Yanqing Tian,Yan Jun Liu
A transparent-to-gray electrochromic device (ECD) based on an asymmetric viologen was fabricated and characterized. The core material derived from novel bipyridine salt (named 1-(2-(diethoxy-phosphoryl)ethyl)-1′-(4-vinylbenzyl)-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride bromide, DVB) combined with complementary species of ferrocene was assembled in a device with a simple configuration of ITO/EC solution/ITO. The device was first converted to blue color from transparent when 1.0 V was applied, and then neutral gray color when the potential bias was increased to 2.0 V. Meanwhile, the corresponding optical contrasts (ΔT) were 54.5% and 22% at 392 nm and 605 nm, respectively. In addition, a good coloration efficiency of 128.9 cm2 C−1 at 2.0 V and fast switching time (<2.5 s) were obtained. Finally, satisfied stability with 43.8% of ΔT (maintaining 80% of initial ΔT at 392 nm) was achieved after 2000 cyclic processes, which paves a new way to design colorless to neutral color ECDs.
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高影响因子
ELECTROANALYSIS
·
2025
·Vol. 37
·期 10
·e70063
·
IF 2.3
Weiyi Chen,Meng Wang,Shijie Xu,Lu Li,Xiaodi Liu,Debao Xiao
Electrochromic devices (ECDs) have been extensively studied worldwide due to their promising applications in various fields. To the best of our knowledge, all previously reported ECDs are exclusively driven by direct current (DC), which has been the conventional approach in electrochromic research. In this article, we propose that the ECD driven by alternating current (AC) should be testified. The ECDs were sandwiched in all-in-one mode using 1,1′-dibenzyl-4,4′-dipyridine dichloride as electrochromic chromophore. The electrochromic performance of the as-AC-driven ECDs was examined as a function of AC frequency from 0.1 to 1000 Hz. It is found that electrochromic based on dibenzyl viologen can work driven by AC, but with some differences from that by DC. The optical contrast is directly proportional to the logarithm value of AC frequency in the range from 0.1 to 1000 Hz, which suggests that the AC-driven ECD may potentially be useful as a visual indicator for AC frequency.
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SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
·
2023
·
IF 6.9
Fangyuan Sun,Jiayi Cai,Haibo Wu,He Zhang,Yonghao Chen,Chengwei Jiang,Fengyu Su,Yanqing Tian,Yan Jun Liu
Smart windows , which could save building energy consumption by modulating indoor thermal and light intensity, have attracted considerable attention in recent years. Photochromic (PC) and electrochromic (EC) are two representative working modes of smart windows. Integrating PC and EC on a single smart window is beneficial for adapting to various environments and meeting individual needs. However, it remains challenging to develop PC and EC dual-responsive materials. In this work, we reported two extended viologen derivatives, EV-1 and EV-2 , with both PC and EC properties. Photochromic devices (PCDs) and electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on these materials were fabricated successfully. Under UV light irradiation , the PCDs exhibited a significant color change from transparent to green ( PCD-1 ) and blue ( PCD-2 ) color, and the colored state can maintain a long time (2.73 h for PCD-1 and 41.72 h for PCD-2 ) after removing the UV light. Owing to the extension of the conjugate length of the chromophore as compared with traditional viologens using bipyridine as chromophores, the spectra response range of the devices was extended to the near-infrared (NIR) region. To obtain different light modulation capabilities, we fabricated electrochromic devices using propylene carbonate as solvent. These devices display different colored states (red for ECD-1 and purple for ECD-2 ) and spectra absorption compared to PCD-1 and PCD-2 . Furthermore, a photo/electrochromic device ( PECD ) smart window system was developed to enhance light and thermal regulation. This system offers four working modes, including off mode, photochromic mode, electrochromic mode, and photo-electrochromic mode, which opens up new possibilities for expanding its applications.
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高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2019
·
IF 4.561
Yanxing Zheng,Jiwei Wang,Xinqiao Tang,Lei Zhang,Fanbao Meng
Viologen-based ionic liquid crystals (VILCs) bearing viologen cations and various counter anions (Br − 1 , CsO − , PF 6 − 1 , CF 3 COO − , TsO − , and BF 4 − 1 ) were prepared using cholesterol, bromobutanoyl chloride, bipyridine and different anionic salts. The chemical structures and the SmC ⁎ phase were identified, and the effect of different anions on both liquid crystalline behavior and ferroelectric property was investigated. Melting temperatures of these VILCs with different anions were similar, but SmC*-isotropic phase transition temperatures were elevated in sequence of TsO − , CsO − , CF3COO − , PF6 − , Br − and BF4 − . They showed different polarization values changed from −9.1 to 9 nC/cm 2 as the electric field changed from −10 V to 10 V. The ferroelectric parameters ± E c , ± P r , and ± P s changed a little due to the different counter anions. The VILC with BF 4 − anion showed the optimal ferroelectric properties in these VILCs series. Unlike conventional ferroelectric liquid crystals, the VILCs displayed asymmetry in the hysteresis loops due to formation of double electrical layers in the ordered SmC ⁎ phase.
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高影响因子
CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
·
2024
·
IF 3.2
Xuyi Li,Chen Huang,Rui Xue,Jia-Ping Tong,Yuehan Cheng,Bao-Li An,Jiaqiang Xu,Yue-Ling Bai
Viologen has attracted much attention due to its sensitive chromic properties in response to external stimuli, especially its photochromic behavior. Herein, a viologen derivative, 4PV·2Br, was prepared based on our previous studies, which exhibited strong photoluminescence due to the introduction of the thiazolothiazole group but was silent to light, even under 300 W UV light irradiation. By anion exchange with tetraphenylborate, a new viologen derivative, 4PV·2B(Ph)4, was obtained, which not only exhibits strong fluorescence with a quantum yield of 69% and a lifetime of 1.93 ns in solution but also exhibits sensitive photochromism to UV light, even under sunlight within 5 s. It is very sensitive to light and may become a potential excellent solar chromic material. It should be emphasized that the colored 4PV·2B(Ph)4 radical is particularly stable and can maintain its coloring state in air for a long time, while vinegar vapor can cause it to fade in 2 s, giving it good color reversibility. The single-crystal structure before and after UV light excitation shows that UV light shortens the π···π distances between B(Ph)4 anions and 4PV cations, which is beneficial to faster electron transfer between them and the formation of stable viologen radicals. Sensitive photochromism accompanied by strong photoluminescence may endow 4PV·2B(Ph)4 with potential application in information security and provide a good strategy to regulate the functionality of materials by regulating the counteranions of new viologen derivatives.
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ACS Sensors
·
2023
·
IF 8.9
Huangjie Lu,Hailong Huang,Junpu Yang,Zhaofa Zheng,Xue Dong,Lianjie Zhao,Chao Xu,Jun Hu,Hongtao Liu,Yuan Qian,Jian-Qiang Wang,Jian Lin
Developing ultraviolet (UV) radiation sensors featuring high sensitivity, ease of operation, and rapid readout is highly desired in diverse fields. However, the strategies to enhance sensitivity of UV detection remain limited particularly for photochromic materials, which show colorimetric response toward UV irradiation. Guided by our initial goal of facilitating easier handling, we formulated a viologen derivative ([H2L]-SC) incorporating hydrogel-based UV sensor which not only inherits the photochromism of [H2L]-SC but also engenders an unprecedented reversible photoelectrochromic response that is absent in either [H2L]-SC or hydrogel alone. Judicious synergy between photochromic [H2L]-SC and polyacrylamide (PAM) converts the colorimetric response of [H2L]-SC into the electrical resistance change of [H2L]-SC@PAM, which amplifies the UV sensitivity of [H2L]-SC by 2 orders of magnitude. Explicitly, the limit of detection (LOD) for UV decreases from 296.3 mJ/cm2 based on the UV–vis absorption spectra of [H2L]-SC to 2.83 mJ/cm2 derived from the resistance variation of [H2L]-SC@PAM. Moreover, linear correlation between the resistance reduction rate of [H2L]-SC@PAM and UV dose rate can be established, rendering it as a dual platform for quantifying both the accumulated UV dose and the instant dose rate. In addition, the proposed strategy based on constructing photoelectrochromic hybrids offers a new pathway to boost the UV sensitivity that could be universal for other photochromic materials.
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DYES AND PIGMENTS
·
2026
·
IF 3.9
Xiaojing Lv,Ran Cheng,Haobin Ye,Juncheng Dong,Rongxiang Chen,Jin Li,Jiaqian Kang,Jin Fu,Mi Ouyang,Cheng Zhang
Viologen derivatives were designed and synthesized by tuning the energy‐level structures and spatial configurations. • CNFBZPV exhibits the lowest reduction potential and good cycling durability. • A colorless transparent-to-black electrochromic device was fabricated. • ECD exhibits excellent dual-band optical regulation performance. Viologen molecules have emerged as one of the most promising classes of electrochromic materials owing to their highly transparent bleached state and large optical contrast. However, the high redox potential and irreversible dimerization of viologen radical cations formed during the electrochemical reduction process limit their practical applications. Herein, a series of viologen derivatives were designed and synthesized by incorporating benzene-bridged units, substituted benzyl groups, and electron-withdrawing substituents. The synergistic interactions among these functional groups and structural moieties can effectively modulate the energy-level distribution and molecular spatial configuration of the viologen derivatives. It is intriguing that CNFBZPV bearing cyano and fluoro substituents exhibits a lower LUMO energy level (−3.32 eV) and more positive redox potentials (−0.75 V/-0.56 V), along with greater steric hindrance and a larger dihedral angle, which collectively contribute to favorable redox reaction kinetics. Moreover, an electrochromic device (ECD 4 ) fabricated with CNFBZPV and ferrocene achieves a high optical contrast of 80% in both the visible and near-infrared regions, along with excellent coloration efficiency (233.99 cm 2 C −1 ) and cycling stability, retaining 98% of its initial optical contrast after 3000 consecutive cycles. In addition, a colorless-to-black electrochromic device (ECD 5 ) was assembled with two cathode coloring materials CNFBZPV and 1-butyl-1′-phenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium bis(hexafluorophosphate) (HBV), and one anode coloring material TMTPA, which enables broad optical modulation within a low operating voltage (0.5 V ∼ -1.8 V), combining a highly transparent bleached state (nearly 100%) with a black state featuring low transmittance (less than 15% in the visible region and approximately 20% in the near-infrared region). On this basis, ECD 6 with optimized thickness of the electrochromic layer and the encapsulation process exhibits excellent photothermal regulation capability as well as faster electrochromic switching speed (<5 s) and improved cycling stability, which can retain nearly 60% of its optical contrast after 3000 cycles, which demonstrates great application potential in electrochromic sunglasses and smart windows. Download: Download high-res image (376KB) Download: Download full-size image
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高影响因子
MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2022
·Vol. 189
·期 12
·1-10
·
IF 6.408
Luo Ying,Zhang Qian,Wang Qin,Liu Zhenglin,Duan Lingfeng,Cao Wenxi,Cao Zijin,Han Caiqin
Gold nanoparticles-modified silver nanorod (AuNPs@AgNR) arrays were fabricated as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates. The coffee ring effect of the AuNPs@AgNR was explored as a preconcentration method for enriching the target analytes and increasing the “hot spots.” Furthermore, methyl viologen (MV) as a toxic herbicide used in agricultural production was successfully determined to investigate the application of the coffee ring effect on AuNPs@AgNR arrays and density functional theory (DFT) was employed to calculate its vibrational modes of corresponding characteristic peaks. Good linearity was obtained in the range 0.10–100 mg/L, and the limit of detection (LOD) of MV was estimated to be 0.01 mg/L, which was lower than the US maximum residue limits (MRLs). This method was also applied to practical detection of MV in river water and apple peel with LODs of 0.10 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L, respectively. SERS results suggest that the coffee ring on AuNPs@AgNR arrays provides a promising way for monitoring environmental pollution and food safety caused by pesticides. Graphical Abstract
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PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2023
·Vol. 11
·期 8
·4261-4271
·
IF 11.9
Yuxin Xie,Chenghao Yao,Lei Li,Zhan Lin
The light-triggered CO2 catalytic reduction process of high efficiency is highly desirable but challenging. Herein, we present two viologen-based metal–organic frameworks (M-VOF, where M = Co and Ni) as ideal platforms for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Co-VOF exhibits a high CO evolution rate of 458.66 μmol g−1 h−1 under light irradiation, while Ni-VOF provides a CO evolution rate of 52.33 μmol g−1 h−1 with superior durability. Experimental studies reveal that the viologen-based frameworks play an important role in the transfer and separation of the charge carriers in the catalytic system. This work provides not only a superior Co-VOF catalyst but also promotes in-depth insight into the structure–activity relationships toward the activation and photoreduction of CO2.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2023
·
IF 9.5
Jiaxin Zhao,Yan Zhou,Yanyan Wang,Qin Liang,Xuenan Ma,Xiaoteng Jia,Danming Chao
The emergence of precision medicine and personalized pharmacotherapy has led to the development of advanced drug delivery systems that can respond to multiple stimuli. Conductive hydrogels have excellent electrical signal responsiveness and drug storage capabilities; however, current conductive hydrogels suffer from poor mechanical properties, low ionic conductivity, and high voltage. Herein, a covalently crosslinked viologen hydrogel was prepared using electroactive hyperbranched polyamidoamine (EHP) as the crosslinking center in a polymeric network. Attributed to its unique molecular architecture, this hydrogel exhibits improved mechanical properties (high tensile strength and desirable stretchability up to 1280%). Approvable ionic conductivity, biocompatibility, antibacterial properties, and wearable strain-sensing performance were also disclosed, ascribed to the participation of versatile viologen groups in the hydrogel structure. This hydrogel exhibited high efficiency in drug release (81.6%) at a lower voltage of −1.2 V. Moreover, fascinating pH-stimulus drug release behavior was also demonstrated in both acidic and alkalescent environments owing to the dramatic conformational transition of EHP. This work provides a new design strategy for conductive hydrogels for multiple stimulus-responsive drug delivery systems.
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PubMed
高影响因子
CELLULOSE
·
2020
·Vol. 27
·期 5
·2939-2952
·
IF 4.21
Sun Mengying,Lv Jingchun,Xu Hong,Zhang Linping,Zhong Yi,Chen Zhize,Sui Xiaofeng,Wang Bijia,Feng Xueling,Mao Zhiping
Abstract A multi-responsive chromic textile was conveniently fabricated by screen-printing with a covalent organic polymer of viologen (COP 2+ ) on the surface of cotton fabric, which was endowed with ammonia sensing, photochromic and thermochromic capabilities. The COP 2+ coated fabric (CCF) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The coating treatment endowed the fabric with fast response to ammonia gas, ultraviolet light and heat without compromising its breathability, flexibility, and comfortability. The color of CCF turned from yellow to green instantly when exposed to ammonia gas and quickly returned yellow when removed from the stimulus. The reversible color transition process can also be induced by UV light (exposure for 10 s) or heat (110 °C) and is cyclable. This durable multi-responsive textile has great potential to be used as flexible sensor for environmental monitoring. Graphic abstract
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高影响因子
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
·
2024
·
IF 6.3
Le Huy Thai,Le Thi Thanh Nhi,Nguyen Minh Hiep,Dinh Thanh Khan,Trinh Ngoc Dat,Le Vu Truong Son,Truong Quang Trung,Le Hoang Sinh
A novel all-in-one electrochromic device from viologen-based Cu-MOF was demonstrated successfully for the first time. The viologen-based Cu-MOF was dispersed in a photochemical eutectic solvent and directly used as an electrochromic material with the outstanding advantage of good modulation ability in a wide range of visible light. The electrochromic device's (ECD) color changed from transparent and light lime green to blue during the change of potential from 0 V to −3.5 V. The bistability of the ECD was demonstrated by the transmittance degradation of less than 10 % over 1.79 h when the power was turned off. This showed that the ECD could maintain its optical state long without a continuous power supply.
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高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）