Advanced Optical Materials
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2026
·
IF 7.2
Chen Lin,Mengxin Liu,Yuhui Liu,Xin Su,Xinan Shi,Daocheng Pan
Quantum-sized SnO 2 nanoparticles have been widely employed as electron transport layer (ETL) in high-efficiency quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) owing to their attractive properties, such as high stability, wide bandgap, and excellent optical transparency. However, the device performance of SnO 2 -based QLEDs is still significantly lower to those of ZnO-based devices, suggesting considerable room for improvement. Here, we demonstrate the use of Ga-doped SnO 2 nanoparticles with tunable mobility and conductivity for constructing high-performance SnO 2 -based QLEDs. The influences of Ga-doping concentration on the mobility and conductivity of SnO 2 nanoparticles are systematically investigated. The mobility and conductivity of Ga-doped SnO 2 nanocrystals can be tuned over two orders of magnitude by varying Ga-doping level. This p-type doping strategy effectively suppresses excessive electron transport in the SnO 2 nanocrystals, thereby promoting more balanced charge injection within the QLED structure. As a result, red-emitting inverted QLEDs incorporating 3.5 at% Ga-doped SnO 2 nanocrystals achieve an average external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.36% and a peak EQE of 20.04%. These results suggest that Ga-doped SnO 2 nanocrystals are excellent candidates for the fabrication of high-performance QLEDs.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2026
·
IF 7.6
Gexing Meng,Ting Huang,Zhenpan Chen,Huibin Liu,Shixin Wu,Lanqi Ning,Jijie Wang,Fangfang Zhao,Kuiyi You,He’an Luo
Perovskite oxides have emerged as promising oxygen carriers for chemical looping dry reforming of methane (CL-DRM) due to their potentially larger oxygen storage capacity (OSC), easily tunable compositions, and redox properties. However, it is still very challenging to properly modulate the activity of surface and lattice oxygen species in perovskite-type oxygen carriers to well balance their capability of C(sp3)–H bond activation and syngas selectivity. Herein, Ga-doped LaCoO3 (LaGa0.5Co0.5O3) featured with a three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) morphology was discovered to show a superior syngas yield of 10.60 mmol gmaterial–1 with ∼85% selectivity that is about 7- and 1.7-fold those of unmodified LaCoO3 (1.40 mmol gmaterial–1) and LaGa0.5Co0.5O3 (5.74 mmol gmaterial–1) oxygen carriers, respectively, combined with an improved CO productivity of 3.84 mmol gmaterial–1 in the CL-DRM. The incorporation of the Ga dopant was proven to be useful to further suppress the formation of coke from CH4 cracking during the partial oxidation of methane (POM) half-reaction, leading to enhanced CO selectivity. The XPS results revealed that the chemical looping reactions based on the LaGa0.5Co0.5O3 oxygen carrier were driven by both the Co0/Co2+/Co3+ and Ga0/Ga3+ redox pairs. As further proven by the CH4-TPR and H2-TPR characterizations, the constructed 3DOM morphology can effectively promote redox reactions between different valence cobalt species and gallium species due to its increased surface anchoring sites for redox-active centers and facilitated mass transfer (e.g., gas diffusion and ion migration) within the internal pores and skeleton. Our work demonstrates that lattice modification coupled with surface engineering through doping and morphology control can effectively enhance the CL-DRM performance of LaGaxCo1–xO3 oxygen carriers, which provides a promising strategy to design other high-performance oxygen carriers beyond the cobalt-based perovskite oxygen carriers discussed in our work.
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APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
·
2022
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IF 6.465
Jiashu Zheng,Xiaoxiang Li,Wenkui Xing,Benwei Fu,Chengyi Song,Wen Shang,Peng Tao,Tao Deng
With the increasing power density and continuously added functionalities, normal operation of portable electronic devices such as USB flash disks and smart phones calls for facile and efficient thermal management. Ga-based liquid metals have attracted intensive research attention for thermal management applications because of their high thermal conductivity and low toxicity, but as a type of phase change materials they still suffer from large supercooling and leakage issues. Herein, this work reports direct incorporation of high-loading miscible Ga 2 O 3 particles within Ga liquid metals to prepare non-leakage phase change composites for transient heat absorption. By loading 16.7 wt% of Ga 2 O 3 particles, paste-like liquid metal composites with a high thermal conductivity (∼21 W/m·K), a low interfacial thermal resistance (∼3.5 mm 2 ·K·W −1 ), a small supercooling degree (∼8.8 °C) and a large volumetric latent heat (∼308 J/cm 3 ) were obtained. These advantageous features enable application of the prepared liquid metal phase change composites for high-performance temporary heat absorption of intermittent-use electronic devices such as USB flash disks. Moreover, the attached phase change composites can be easily peeled off from electronic devices, and Ga liquid metals and Ga 2 O 3 particles can be readily recycled by immersing the composites within acidic or basic solutions. The facile direct hand-mixing fabrication process, broadly tailorable supercooling degree and form-stability properties, reusability and recyclability would make the prepared liquid metal composites suitable for phase change-based thermal management applications.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2023
·Vol. 11
·期 32
·10828-10833
·
IF 6.4
Dandan Wang,Xinyuan Zhang,Pifu Gong,Zheshuai Lin,Zhanggui Hu,Yicheng Wu
The balance between band gap and second harmonic generation (SHG) response, which are usually inversely related, is the key factor for achieving good performance in a mid-infrared (mid-IR) nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal. Still it remains a challenge to achieve this balance, which strongly hinders the development of mid-IR solid-state lasers. In this work, utilizing an aliovalent substitution strategy of functional units, we successfully realize mid-IR NLO balanced performance in a chiral iodate, Ga(IO3)3, which simultaneously exhibits a strong SHG response (13 × KDP) and a wide optical band gap (3.94 eV). The first-principles calculation is also performed to elucidate its NLO origin. Combining the experimental measurements and theoretical calculations, it is clear that Ga(IO3)3 possesses excellent comprehensive NLO performance including a strong SHG effect, a wide band gap, good thermal stability (450 °C), and a large birefringence, indicating its potential applications as a mid-IR NLO crystal.
研究领域:
材料科学
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非线性光学
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无机化学
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固体物理
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激光技术
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FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 7.7
Shangpeng Pan,Kaiwen Yun,Rui Shan,Shuxiao Wang,Taoli Huhe,Xiang Ling,Haoran Yuan,Yong Chen
For the high-value resource recovery of waste epoxy resin, this study prepared Nb and Ga modified ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts and systematically evaluated their performance in the catalytic pyrolysis of epoxy resin for aromatic hydrocarbon production. The results indicate that the bimetallic catalyst 8Nb4Ga (with 8% Nb and 4% Ga loading) exhibited the optimal catalytic activity, achieving the highest aromatic hydrocarbon yield of 68.6% under the conditions of 650 °C and a feedstock-to-catalyst mass ratio of 1:1. Characterization analyses confirmed that the metal species were well-dispersed on the ZSM-5 support without destroying the zeolite framework structure, though they induced changes in the pore structure. The introduction of Ga contributed to the formation of more mesoporous structures. Kinetic analysis revealed that the 8Nb4Ga catalyst significantly increased the apparent activation energy of the pyrolysis process, indicating that it guides the reactants through a higher-energy-barrier yet more selective pathway for aromatic hydrocarbon formation. This research provides theoretical support for the targeted catalytic conversion of waste epoxy resins into high-value aromatics.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 19.9
Shuxia Wei,Xuejun Xu,Zongjie Su,Hongyi Lu,Yue Liu,Han Xu,Qianqian Gao,Yunfeng Wang,Ming Li,Tianyu Xing,Siyu Wang,Haoran Li,Li Wu,Yi Zhang
The open-circuit voltage ( V OC ) deficit remains a primary bottleneck hindering the efficiency of solution-processed Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) 2 (CIGSSe) solar cells, largely due to the uncontrolled elemental diffusion during high-temperature selenization that prevents the formation of a beneficial bandgap gradient. Here, we propose a novel and highly effective low-temperature surface treatment strategy to overcome this long-standing challenge. By spin-coating a gallium-thiourea complex solution onto the pre-fabricated CIGSSe absorber, we construct a strategic Cu-poor, Ga-rich surface layer. Such design widens the surface bandgap, leading to an optimized band alignment at the CIGSSe/CdS heterojunction with a reduced conduction band offset (0.15 eV) and an enlarged valence band offset (1.13 eV). This synergistic effect drastically suppresses interface recombination. As a consequence, we achieve a champion device with a V OC of 0.692 V—the highest value reported to date for solution-processed CIGSSe—and a power conversion efficiency of 16.65% (17.93% with an MgF 2 anti-reflection layer). This work presents a simple yet powerful pathway for targeted front interface engineering, paving the way for high-efficiency, low-cost chalcopyrite photovoltaics.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 6
Jun Yu,Xianwei Zhao,Yongjun Chen,Azhu Wang,Pei Li,Yuzhe Wang,Haining Chen,Huicong Liu,Hui Ye,Weiping Li
Ga-doped zinc oxide (GZO) has attracted considerable interest for applications in electronic transport owing to its superior electrical properties. In this study, we report a low-temperature (<100°C) aqueous open-system route for the in-situ synthesis of GZO powders. The efficient substitutional doping of Ga 3+ into the ZnO lattice is achieved via a formation, in-situ transformation and dissolution–reprecipitation pathway of ε-Zn(OH) 2 or ZnGa-layered double hydroxide (ZnGa-LDH) intermediates, which simultaneously endows the products with unique flower-like or bundle-like morphologies. Chemical equilibrium calculations and time-dependent experiments reveal that the ionic species Zn(NH 3 ) 4 2+ and Ga(OH) 4 - , formed in the aqueous solution under high ammonia concentration, serve as reactive monomers that facilitate the formation and transformation of the intermediate phases. Electrical measurements combined with UV-Vis-NIR, EPR, and PL spectroscopic analyses indicate that Ga doping introduces shallow donor-type defects alongside zinc vacancy-related acceptor defects into the ZnO lattice, narrowing the optical bandgap and enhancing the electrical conductivity of the resulting powders. The GZO powder with a nominal doping ratio of 5% exhibits the lowest resistivity (Surface resistivity measured by the four-probe method is 3.43 × 10 4 Ω/□). This work provides a new pathway for the controllable preparation of functional conductive oxide powders.
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Molecular Catalysis
·
2026
·
IF 4.3
Xiaofei Ma,Shijiao Hao,Hui Jiang,Weiqian Qi,Hefang Wang
Cu-Al mixed oxide catalysts (CxA-LDO), prepared via calcination of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) precursors, were investigated for the transesterification of propylene carbonate (PC) with methanol to dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Characterization demonstrated that calcination temperature and the Cu/Al molar ratio critically influence the surface basicity properties and structural stability. Under optimized conditions (80 °C, 2 h, 2.0 wt% loading, MeOH/PC = 10:1), the C 0.5 A-400-LDO catalyst achieved 57.93% PC conversion and 57.29% DMC yield (TON = 28.94). Surface basicity was identified as the key governing factor for the reaction. This conclusion is supported by a strong correlation observed between the reaction rate and the number of total basic sites. However, the catalyst deactivated significantly over six cycles (PC conversion dropped from 57.93% to 47.2%), which ICP-AES analysis unambiguously attributed to significant copper leaching (8.1 wt.% net loss) rather than sintering. Kinetic analysis revealed a complex reaction mechanism that could be simplified to pseudo-first-order reaction behavior. The activation energies were determined to be Ea( k + ) = 51.61 kJ·mol -1 for the forward reaction and Ea(k - ) = 55.34 kJ·mol -1 for the reverse reaction. Concurrently, a hybrid genetic algorithm-optimized backpropagation (GA-BP) neural network was developed. Compared to conventional BP, the GA-BP model demonstrated superior predictive accuracy (R 2 = 0.997 for training set and 0.977 for testing set) and exhibited significantly reduced error metrics. This study not only contributes to the fundamental understanding of base-catalyzed transesterification but also introduces a synergistic experimental-computational strategy applicable to rational catalyst design.
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MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
·
2026
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IF 4.9
Jie Li,Yuhui Luo,Chengyu Luo,Zixin Yang,Fei Luo,Huajian Gu,Fei Chen,Zongxi He,Suping Li
Abstract Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is a key biomarker for tumor hypoxia and a promising target for molecular imaging. In this study, we developed [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-L3, a novel small-molecule CA IX-targeted PET tracer. The radiolabeling was optimized to consistently achieve a radiochemical purity of >98% (10 μg precursor, 90 °C, pH 4.5, 10 min), with excellent stability in saline and FBS up to 240 min. In vivo studies demonstrated rapid blood clearance and predominant renal excretion. Surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrated high-affinity binding of the DOTA-L3 precursor toward CA IX (Kd = 7.60 ± 0.37 nM) with highest affinity observed for CA IX among the tested isoforms. MicroPET/CT imaging (30−240 min p.i.) showed robust tumor accumulation in OSRC-2 (SUVmean = 1.47 ± 0.21) and HT-29 (SUVmean = 1.03 ± 0.12) xenografts, while minimal uptake was observed in CA IX-low FTC-238 tumors (SUVmean = 0.21 ± 0.05) at 60 min p.i. PET-derived tumor uptake showed a strong linear correlation with CA IX expression levels (R2 = 0.976, P < 0.001) across the three tumor models. High tumor-to-muscle and tumor-to-blood ratios further confirm favorable imaging contrast (T/M = 27.53 ± 1.89 and T/B = 24.61 ± 2.35 at 240 min p.i. for OSRC-2 model). These results support [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-L3 as a promising candidate for non-invasive assessment of CA IX-associated hypoxia and as a scaffold for future theranostic development.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2026
·
IF 7.8
Fan Gao,Ying Nie,Annett Dorner-Reisel,Tao Wang
The antibacterial property of fullerenes and their derivatives is highly dependent on light irradiation, which limits their biomedical applications. In this work, we report a novel type of nanoparticle composed of Fullerenol and gallium (Ga). The morphological features and chemical structures of the nanoparticles were characterized, and their assembly mechanism was further elucidated. Moreover, the antioxidant activity, osteogenic performance, and antibacterial effect of the Fullerenol-Ga under dark conditions were systematically investigated. The results show that the average diameter of individual Fullerenol-Ga nanoparticles is 10-30 nm. The assembly process between Fullerenol molecules and Ga3+ proceeds through a coupled mechanism of electrostatic adsorption and coordination crosslinking. The obtained Fullerenol-Ga exhibit remarkable scavenging ability against both DPPH and ABTS radicals, and effectively reduces the overall intracellular ROS level as well. Furthermore, high concentrations of nanoparticles can significantly promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, enhance ALP activity, and upregulate the expression of early osteogenic related genes. Due to the unique "Trojan horse" antibacterial mechanism of Ga3+, the Fullerenol-Ga achieves an antibacterial rate of over 95% against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 150 μg/mL. Based on the multifaceted performance described above, this Fullerenol-Ga synergistic therapeutic system shows great potential as an additive for the surface modification of orthopedic implant materials.
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JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
·
2024
·Vol. 129
·期 3
·e2023JB027306
·
IF 3.9
Yanyan Zhou,Mingguo Zhai,Ross N. Mitchell,Peter A. Cawood,Guangyu Huang,Christopher J. Spencer,Mimi Chen,Yibing Li,Taiping Zhao,Tengfei Wu
The start of the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent cycle is typically taken as the initiation of orogenesis at ca. 2.1 Ga leading to the assembly of Earth's first supercontinent, Columbia. However, the dearth of ca. 2.5–2.2 Ga geological records makes it difficult to deduce tectonic factors during the onset of the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent cycle. The petrogenesis of tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) provides useful proxies for tracing prevailing geodynamic regimes of early continental evolution. However, marked decreases of TTG and other magmatism occurred across the Archean–Paleoproterozoic transition and have previously precluded forming testable hypotheses. Early Paleoproterozoic TTGs have been identified in the North China Craton (NCC) and other cratons, which may represent the last major pulse of TTGs globally. Here we present low δ 18 O and δ 30 Si ca. 2.3 Ga TTGs from the NCC, together with thermodynamic modeling and compilation of stable O and Si isotopes for TTGs globally through time. The ca. 2.3 Ga TTGs were derived from the partial melting of Archean basaltic crust and give lighter average zircon δ 18 O (3.15 ± 0.35‰) and whole-rock δ 30 Si values (−0.17 ± 0.08‰) than most Archean TTGs. Considering coeval mafic-felsic igneous rocks, and lithospheric thinning since ca. 2.5 Ga based on estimated crustal thickness through the Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic, we posit the onset of an intraplate rifting consistent with the anomalous low-δ 18 O magmatism. Continental rifting of Archean cratons/supercratons plausibly hints at the formation of rifts driving subduction initiation as the veritable onset of the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent cycle. Key Points Ca. 2.3 Ga tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) in the North China Craton (NCC) shows the affinity of low-pressure (LP) TTGs and contains low zircon δ 18 O and bulk-rock δ 30 Si values Ca. 2.3 Ga low δ 18 O and δ 30 Si TTG and coeval low-δ 18 O magmatism herald the initiation of an intraplate rift setting Such intraplate rifting hints at the formation of rifts driving subduction as the real onset of the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent cycle Plain Language Summary The Earth's first supercontinent, Paleoproterozoic–Mesoproterozoic Columbia, likely began to form during ca. 2.1 Ga (billion years ago) orogenesis. However, the limited record of ca. 2.5–2.2 Ga magmatism makes it difficult to establish how exactly the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent cycle commenced. The tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite (TTG) series of felsic rocks forms the backbone of Archean cratons and can provide key constraints on the Earth's early tectonic evolution. Some early Paleoproterozoic TTGs occur in North China and other cratons, which may represent the last major TTG event globally, presenting the possibility to fulfill this role. Here we carry out zircon O and bulk-rock Si isotopic analyses and thermodynamic modeling for these ca. 2.3 Ga TTGs, together with Si-O-Hf data compilation of TTGs globally through time. These ca. 2.3 Ga TTGs show lighter zircon O and bulk-rock Si isotopes than those of Archean TTGs. They might be formed within-plate, associated with lithospheric thinning and mantle-crust remelting to form mafic-felsic magmatism. We propose an intraplate rift setting for this early ca. 2.3 Ga magmatism, which drove the mobilism that led to the subsequent 2.1–1.8 Ga orogenesis and should be posited as the real start of the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent cycle.
研究领域:
地质学
·
地球化学
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Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers
·
2025
·
IF 6.4
Hao Wu,Yi Wang,Pingping Wu,Hongchao Fan,Yuanhao Liu,Shuyan Liu,Peng Bai,Zi-Feng Yan,Svetlana Mintova
Addressing the global challenge of waste plastic management, catalytic cracking utilizing zeolite catalysts offers a sustainable approach for converting plastics into valuable products. The acidity and diffusion of zeolites play a critical role in determining the efficiency of this process. However, conventional aluminum-containing zeolites exhibit excessive acidity, which results in increased gas formation and a diminished yield of liquid products. Additionally, microporous zeolites with limited diffusion of large molecules significantly impair their activity and overall utilization efficiency. In this study, we developed gallium-modified MFI zeolite catalysts (Ga-MFI) that possess a well-balanced micro- and mesoporosity along with controlled acidity. These Ga-MFI catalysts exhibited enhanced diffusion properties and moderate acidity, which contributed to an improved gasoline yield (64.84–77.69%), alongside a significant reduction in liquefied gas yield (from 23.21% to 13.07%) during the catalytic cracking of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) when compared to the ZSM-5 catalyst. Furthermore, the Ga-MFI catalysts demonstrated a significant enhancement in the selectivity for cycloalkenes within the liquid products, increasing from 35.62% to 51.53%. This improvement can be attributed to the promotion of bimolecular cracking reactions occurring on moderate acidic sites, which facilitate olefin formation, as well as the high concentration of Lewis acid sites that aid in the dehydrogenation of cycloalkanes to cyclo-olefins. These findings underscore the potential of Ga-MFI zeolite as a promising catalyst for the sustainable conversion of plastic wastes.
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