International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials
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2024
·Vol. 31
·期 10
·2244-2252
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IF 5.6
Hou Zihan,Guo Lisheng,Fu Xianlong,Zheng Hongxian,Dai Yuqing,Wang Zhixing,Duan Hui,Dong Mingxia,Peng Wenjie,Yan Guochun,Wang Jiexi
Cobalt (Co) serves as a stabilizer in the lattice structure of high-capacity nickel (Ni)-rich cathode materials. However, its high cost and toxicity still limit its development. In general, it is possible to perform transition metal substitution to reduce the Co content. However, the traditional coprecipitation method cannot satisfy the requirements of multielement coprecipitation and uniform distribution of elements due to the differences between element concentration and deposition rate. In this work, spray pyrolysis was used to prepare LiNi 0.9 Co 0.1− x W x O 2 (LNCW). In this regard, the pyrolysis behavior of ammonium metatungstate was analyzed, together with the substitution of W for Co. With the possibility of spray pyrolysis, the Ni–Co–W-containing oxide precursor presents a homogeneous distribution of metal elements, which is beneficial for the uniform substitution of W in the final materials. It was observed that with W substitution, the size of primary particles decreased from 338.06 to 71.76 nm, and cation disordering was as low as 3.34%. As a consequence, the prepared LNCW exhibited significantly improved electrochemical performance. Under optimal conditions, the lithium-ion battery assembled with LiNi 0.9 Co 0.0925 W 0.0075 O 2 (LNCW-0.75mol%) had an improved capacity retention of 82.7% after 200 cycles, which provides insight into the development of Ni-rich low-Co materials. This work presents that W can compensate for the loss caused by Co deficiency to a certain extent.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源科学
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
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2011
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IF 4.365
Xian-wei Sui,Zhi Wang,Bing Liao,Ying Zhang,Qing-xiang Guo
Fast pyrolysis of bagasse pretreated by sulfuric acid was conducted in a fixed bed reactor to prepare levoglucosenone (LGO), a very important anhydrosugar for organic synthesis. The liquid yield and LGO yield were studied at temperatures from 240 to 350 °C and sulfuric acid loadings from 0.92 to 7.10 wt.%. An optimal LGO yield of 7.58 wt.% was obtained at 270 °C with a sulfuric acid pretreatment concentration of 0.05 M (corresponding to 4.28 wt.% sulfuric acid loading). For comparison, microcrystalline cellulose pretreated by 0.05 M sulfuric acid solution was pyrolyzed at temperature from 270 °C to 320 °C, and bagasse loaded with 3–5 wt.% phosphoric acid was pyrolyzed at temperature from 270 °C to 350 °C. The highest yield of LGO from bagasse was 30% higher than that from microcrystalline cellulose, and treatment with sulfuric acid allowed a 21% higher yield than treatment with phosphoric acid.
研究领域:
生物化学工程
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可再生资源利用
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PubMed
高影响因子
Catalysts
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2023
·Vol. 13
·期 5
·878
·
IF 3.9
Yue Huang,Renhao Si,Yi Wei
Lignin is a crucial raw material for the synthesis of phenol due to its high oxygen concentration; however, the selectivity of phenol in pyrolysis products is low. This study chose cerium oxide as the coupling agent for molten salts, and the reaction’s process conditions—including temperature and catalyst dosage—were examined. The influence of metal loading on the reaction and byproducts of catalytic pyrolysis was examined. The outcomes demonstrated that the best monophenol production was accomplished at 550 °C and an Fe loading of 15 wt.%, with 93.93 wt.% monophenols in the bio-oil. While methoxy was more easily broken and rearranged, producing more monophenols, the presence of the catalyst enhanced the oxidation of Cα-OH and the breaking of β-O-4 bonds, which is significant for the study of lignin pyrolysis.Keywords:molten carbonates;pyrolysis;deoxidation;monophenols;lignin
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FUEL
·
2023
·
IF 7.4
Yaohong He,Yanjun Hou,Cheng Wang,Shan Wang,Yi Wei
Nowadays, the amount of waste textiles (WT) was increasing due to the increase in population, thermochemical processes owe the potential to process WT on large-scale. However, tar removal is the key to industrial thermochemical treatment. Molten carbonates pyrolysis technology is proposed to remove WT tar in this study. The result showed that molten carbonates favor catalytic reaction medium for turning tar into char and small molecular pyrolysis gases (including H 2 , CO, and CO 2 ), meanwhile, excellent heat and mass transfer performance of molten carbonates can also reinforce the reaction. 94.95 wt% of tar was removed at 550 °C with flow rate of 0.15 L/min. Molten carbonates not only promoted decarboxylation of acid in tar, but also enhanced the reaction between coke and carbon dioxide, which in return benefits lifetime of molten carbonates, so after recycling eight times, tar removal rate was still above 90 %. The kinetic study suggested that lower flow rate laid positive influence on tar elimination by contributing to mass and heat transfer inside the bubbles.
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Journal of Cleaner Production
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2023
·
IF 11.1
Yulin Zhang,Guozhao Ji,Fahim Ullah,Aimin Li
The properties of tire pyrolysis oil are similar to diesel oil, but the high sulfur content in the pyrolysis oil limits its use in diesel engines . In this work, taking the boiling point range of traditional diesel oil as the cutting temperature, a fraction in the temperature range of 190–350 °C was obtained by distillation of tire pyrolysis oil (TPO 190–350 °C ). The sulfides in TPO 190–350 °C are mainly benzothiophene derivatives. And a simple and effective POM-based catalyst ([C 16 H 33 N(CH 3 ) 3 ] 3 PW 4 O 24 ) has been used in the oxidation desulfurization process for the removal of sulfur compounds from the oil. The catalyst played the role of transferring reactive oxygen species atoms on H 2 O 2 to sulfur compounds . The benzothiophene , dibenzothiophene , and 4,6-dimethyl-dibenzothiophene (500 ppm S) in model oil could be converted to the corresponding sulfone within 1 h at 40 °C. Even if the sulfur content was increased to 2000 ppm, the catalyst exhibited well catalytic performance under the same conditions. The catalyst could be recycled and reused with no loss of desulfurization efficiency. Distillation could effectively reduce the presence of olefins in the oil leading to reduce oxidation performance during the oxidation desulfurization process (ODS). In the subsequent desulfurization experiments of TPO 190–350 °C , a high desulfurization efficiency (91.28%) was achieved for TPO 190–350 °C , with initial sulfur contents of 11033 ppm declining to 961 ppm.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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2022
·
IF 6.449
Bo Wang,Kai Li,Cheng-bo Zhang,Bin Hu,Yan-qin Huang,Ti-peng Wang,Qiang Lu
This study was dedicated to enhancing the generation of levoglucosenone (LGO) from catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose by optimizing its ultrastructure. Cellulose was pretreated by Na 2 CO 3 solutions with different concentrations and Amberlyst-15 (A-15) under different temperatures, respectively. The influences of pretreatment on the cellulose ultrastructure, especially its degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI), were characterized. The catalytic pyrolysis experiments of pretreated cellulose were conducted with activated carbon as the catalyst to clarify the regulatory functions of ultrastructure on the LGO formation. Na 2 CO 3 pretreatment could decrease CrI of cellulose remarkably and DP slightly. At the low Na 2 CO 3 concentration, the decrease of CrI could promote the generation of LGO, but the high Na 2 CO 3 concentration was detrimental to LGO formation because of the almost full transformation of cellulose I β to II. With the raising of temperature, A-15 pretreatment could increase the CrI and decrease the DP significantly, and the corresponding LGO yield showed a trend of gradual decrease. Moreover, the low CrI could lower the pyrolysis temperature, while the low DP could decrease the catalyst dosage for maximal LGO formation. The cellulose pretreated with 1 % Na 2 CO 3 solution was most appropriate for producing LGO, and the maximum LGO yield was 19.76 wt. %, higher than that of 18.04 wt. % from raw cellulose, while the corresponding pyrolysis temperature of 285 °C and catalyst/sample of 1/5 were lower than those of 300 °C and 1/3 from raw cellulose.
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COMBUSTION AND FLAME
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2022
·
IF 5.767
Guanyi Chen,Weimeng Ding,Zhanjun Cheng,Jinglan Wang,Lili Xing,Wang Li,Yunrui He,Fawei Lin,Jiuzhong Yang,Long Zhao,Beibei Yan
Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) is not only the main component in gasoline and a potential fuel additive, but also is considered an important precursor of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. To better understand the isoprene pyrolysis process , the pyrolysis experiments of isoprene in a flow reactor were performed at p = 30 Torr for T = 1056 – 1446 K, and p = 760 Torr for T = 850 – 1231 K. More than twenty pyrolysis species, especially radicals (methyl, propargyl, and but‑2‑yne-1-yl), isomers (allene/propyne, buta-1,2,3-triene/vinylacetylene, 1,3-butadiene/1-butyne), and aromatics (benzene, toluene, phenylacetylene, styrene , indene, and naphthalene), were identified and their mole fraction profiles were measured using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry . The potential energy surfaces of the unimolecular decomposition, H/CH 3 -abstraction, and H/CH 3 -addition reactions of isoprene were also calculated using quantum chemical calculations at the CBS-QB3 level. Based on the experimental and theoretical results, a detailed kinetic model was developed and validated against the pyrolysis experimental dataset of isoprene from this work and Grajales-González et al. H-addition reactions on the double bond and H-abstraction reactions by H/CH 3 radicals controlled the consumption of isoprene. The C–H bond dissociation reaction on the –CH 3 was the dominant unimolecular reaction in comparison with the isomerization reactions. Abundant aromatics were produced in isoprene pyrolysis, especially at atmospheric pressure, which is ascribed to the high-level concentration of C(2)–C(4) hydrocarbons formation, such as acetylene, ethylene, allene, propyne , 1,3-butadiene, etc.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2022
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IF 6.437
Zijun Yi,Chao Li,Lijun Zhang,Shu Zhang,Wenran Gao,Shuang Wang,Bin Li,Xun Hu
CO 2 can be used to activate biomass for production of activated carbon at high temperatures (usually above 700 °C). At typical pyrolysis temperatures, CO 2 might also involve in biomass pyrolysis , which was investigated via pyrolysis of lignin at temperatures from 400 to 700 °C in N 2 and CO 2 atomsphere, respectively. The results suggested that CO 2 interfered with the pyrolysis process, facilitating formation of bio-oil and biochar but not gases via suppressing further gasification of volatiles. This reserved more mono-ring phenolics in bio-oil and also formed more heavier phenolics through secondary condensation routes. As for biochar, CO 2 enhanced the aromatization process, generating the carbon-rich biochar of higher heating value . The in-situ characterization of the functionalities of biochar during pyrolysis suggested that CO 2 accelerated removal of the aliphatics like -OH, -C-H, C O, and C-O-C. This rendered the biochar of hydrophobic surface but less fragmentized structures than that obtained in N 2 .
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ACS Omega
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2022
·
IF 4.132
Yinchun Fang,Jianguo Wu,Weihao Sun,Xinhua Liu
Xuan paper with outstanding cultural and artistic values is one of the most precious Chinese handmade papers and is widely used in traditional calligraphy and painting. However, the highly combustible cellulosic raw materials of Xuan paper present potential fire hazards. Ammonium phytate (AP) originating from biosourced phytic acid has been used for the flame-retardant treatment of Chinese Xuan paper by facile spray coating. The limiting oxygen index value of the treated Xuan paper increased to higher than 40%, demonstrating that the flammability of Xuan paper was greatly reduced by this treatment. The excellent flame retardancy afforded by this treatment was confirmed by cone calorimetry. TGA was used to demonstrate that the presence of AP changed the thermal decomposition process to promote char formation during the degradation of Xuan paper. The flame-retardant mode of action of phytate-coated Xuan paper was investigated using TG-FTIR, SEM, and XPS spectra. A P–N cooperative effect was proposed to account for both the condensed phase and gas-phase flame-retardant actions. The phosphorus component promotes char formation in the condensed phase, while the nitrogen component releases inert species to dilute the fuel load in the gas phase. The ink-wetting property of the coated Xuan paper was influenced negligibly by the coating process. The development of fire-resistant Xuan paper using ecofriendly flame retardants through simple and convenient spray coating has been demonstrated.
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高影响因子
ENERGY
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2022
·
IF 8.857
Chao Li,Yuannian Li,Yuchen Jiang,Lijun Zhang,Shu Zhang,Kuan Ding,Bin Li,Shuang Wang,Xun Hu
Bio-oil is a complex mixture of organics and each group of chemicals has a varied response to pyrolysis temperatures. This was investigated via the staged pyrolysis of poplar sawdust, cellulose , and lignin by consecutively increasing temperature to 250, 350, 450, and 550 °C, respectively. The results showed that 350 °C was the boundary temperature for formation of majority of organics from sawdust and cellulose and more than half of organics from lignin. The further increase of temperature to 550 °C mainly promoted the aromatization of reaction intermediates from aliphatic components. The staged pyrolysis also facilitated the charring reactions, generating the bio-oil with more light organics including anhydrate sugars, ketones, aldehydes, and phenolics . The enhanced charring reactions promoted the carbonization reactions via deoxygenation , making biochar carbon-rich and thermally more stable. Additionally, the staged pyrolysis also impacted the morphologies and evolution of the functionalities of biochar via influencing the volatile-char interactions.
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FUEL
·
2022
·
IF 8.035
Junjie Weng,Zhanjun Cheng,Yi Zhang,Chao Jiang,Lin Long,Jian Wang,Jianfeng Pan
The co-utilization of hydrogen-rich plastic and biomass can upgrade bio-oil. This process was further developed by adding catalysts to the co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic. In this work, thermal and catalytic co-pyrolysis of hemicellulose and polypropylene (PP) was investigated by TG combined with mass spectrometry, which is characterized by in-situ online detection for pyrolysis products. The intrinsic interaction as well as the reaction mechanism were revealed for the catalytic co-pyrolysis. The results show that CaO catalyst can enhance xylan decomposition and increase the production of small alkene from PP. The formation of olefins and furan compounds can be promoted significantly by CaO catalyst. Besides hydrocarbon pool mechanism, Diels-Alder reaction further contributes to additional aromatics formation. This work provides detailed reaction information, which can help to further understand the mechanism of catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic.
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FUEL
·
2022
·
IF 8.035
Yujie Hou,Zongqing Bai,Hao Lu,Zhihao Feng,Tingting Zhang,Yuxing Jia,Zhenxing Guo,Lingxue Kong,Jin Bai,Wen Li
Low-cost kaolin was modified by calcination at different temperatures, followed by HCl leaching, and used as catalyst for in-situ upgrading of Hami coal pyrolysis volatiles in a fixed-bed reactor. The catalyst characteristics, pyrolysis product distributions and tar properties were investigated by multiple methods to understand the relationship between catalyst properties and tar quality. The results indicated that calcination of kaolin promoted the formation of amorphous metakaolin, then the HCl leaching removed most metakaolin framework Al, leading to the production of abundant micro-/mesopores and acid sites. As the rising calcination temperature, the specific surface area and pore volume of acid-modified kaolin (AMK) showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing, and the Brønsted acid sites (BAS) displayed an increasing trend. Compared to non-catalytic pyrolysis, the high specific surface area and certain acid sites of AMKs enhanced the light tar fraction from 37.81 wt% to 43.00–48.45 wt%, and the relative content of aromatics in tar increased from 9.76% to 16.65–22.11%, with monocyclic aromatics, naphthalenes and polycyclic aromatics increasing to 3.5–4.2, 1.2–1.8 and 2.1–3.3 times higher, respectively. AMKs also reduced the content of element O in tar by 17.92–31.54% by promoting the deoxygenation reaction. The tar upgrading performance was determined by the BAS amount and the pore structure of AMKs together. Among all AMKs, AMK800 (calcined at 800 °C and treated by HCl) exhibited the optimum performance for heavy tar conversion, aromatics generation and oxygen removal due to its highest specific surface area and the maximum BAS except AMK900. The acid-modified kaolin has the potential to be an inexpensive and efficient catalyst for future practical applications of upgrading coal pyrolysis tar.
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