CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
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2026
·
IF 13.2
Helang Li,Zhenzhen Dong,Lei Chen,Tengyang Cao,Zinan Jiang,Jiawen Li,Helei Wang,Kun Tian,Yinlong Zhang,Caiqi Wang
The recalcitrant nature of chronic diabetic wounds stems from a complex pathological microenvironment characterized by bacterial biofilm formation, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and persistent inflammation. To address this challenge, we developed an L-arginine/ferrocene dual-functionalized chitosan hydrogel architecture (CLF@MZ) integrated with Ti 3 C 2 MXene quantum dots (QDs) and ZIF-8 nanoparticles. This system aims to remodel the wound microenvironment through a multi-synergistic photothermal-biochemical strategy. Upon near-infrared irradiation, the MXene QDs generate localized hyperthermia to physically eradicate Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Targeting the pathological microenvironment, CLF@MZ exhibits pH/ROS dual-responsive characteristics. In the acidic environment, ZIF-8 decomposes to release Zn 2+ ; meanwhile, excessive ROS at the wound site is utilized to drive ferrocene-mediated conversion of L-arginine into NO. This cascade reaction not only consumes endogenous ROS to alleviate oxidative stress but also leverages the synergistic effects of the generated NO and Zn 2+ to induce macrophage polarization from the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to the reparative M2 phenotype. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory microenvironment significantly promotes the neoformation of a mature vascular network and drives ordered collagen deposition. This synergistic system effectively overcomes the healing barriers of chronic diabetic wounds and achieves high-quality skin tissue repair, offering a novel microenvironment remodeling strategy for the treatment of complex chronic wounds.
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Biomaterials Advances
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2026
·
IF 6.7
Yuzhou Chen,Zidi Yan,Meng Zhu,Yu Liu,Kejia Li,Le Yue,Ye Tian,Hongyan Xiao,Liping Wen,Zhongwei Niu
2,3-Catechol shows superior antioxidant property and oxidation resistance than 3,4-isomer. • An innovative fabrication strategy for a chitosan hydrogel is established. • A new therapeutic option for granulation regeneration in diabetic wounds is provided. Diabetic wound healing remains a major clinical challenge due to a pathological microenvironment characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chronic inflammation. Excessive ROS through multiple distinct pathways hinders the regeneration of granulation tissue, which is the essential scaffold for wound repair. Although catechol attracted considerable interest for antioxidant applications in biomaterials, its inherent chemical instability under physiological conditions severely limits its therapeutic potential and clinical applications. To address these critical challenges, an antioxidant 2,3-HCat-CS/STPP hydrogel has been developed via the freeze-thaw method, composed of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid modification of chitosan (2,3-HCat-CS) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP). As an antioxidant, 2,3-HCat-CS was demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally to possess superior oxidative stability and ROS-scavenging property compared to the conventional 3,4-isomer. Exploration of the gelation mechanism revealed that 2,3-HCat-CS/STPP hydrogel is formed from electrostatic interactions, crystalline regions and hydrogen bonds. Hydrogel exhibited excellent antioxidant property and biocompatibility in vitro . In a full-thickness wound model in db/db mice, treatment with 2,3-HCat-CS/STPP hydrogel effectively reduced local ROS levels, mitigated inflammation and increased the levels of key anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β1 and IL-10). This intervention effectively disrupted the detrimental inflammatory cycle characteristic of diabetic wounds, thereby fostering the process of angiogenesis and granulation regeneration. This work combines the molecular design of catechol and the fabrication process of chitosan gelation to create 2,3-HCat-CS/STPP hydrogel that promotes granulation regeneration in diabetic wounds, which presents a potential therapeutic platform for chronic wounds management. Download: Download high-res image (294KB) Download: Download full-size image
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
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IF 8.7
Feifei Qu,Xueyi Zhai,Hongyao Bai,Jianwei Tang,Mengxiao Zheng,Peng Wang,Yong Liu,Baoming Wang,Pengfei Liu
Urea is widely used in agriculture because of its high nitrogen content and low cost, but its utilization efficiency is often limited by volatilization, leaching, and nitrification-denitrification losses. In this study, sodium alginate (SA) was hydrophobically modified by free-radical grafting with methyl methacrylate (MMA) to obtain SA-PMMA, which was subsequently ionically cross-linked with chitosan (CS) to construct hydrogel carriers for controlled-release urea fertilizers. The resulting materials were characterized by FTIR, XRD, TG-DTG, XPS, and SEM-EDS, confirming successful grafting and indicating interactions between urea and the SA-PMMA/CS matrix. The effects of grafting ratio on water absorption, urea loading, nitrogen release, degradation, and fertilizer performance were systematically investigated. Among the five formulations, sample Z3 exhibited the best overall release behavior, with a cumulative nitrogen release of 77.33% over 56 days, meeting the national standard for slow-release fertilizers. Release-kinetic analysis showed that nitrogen release was best described by the first-order model and was governed by Fickian diffusion. In spinach pot experiments conducted at the same nitrogen input, the hydrogel fertilizers, especially Z3, promoted root development, leaf expansion, chlorophyll a ccumulation, dry matter production, and plant nitrogen uptake compared with conventional urea. These results demonstrate that hydrophobically modified SA/CS hydrogels are promising carriers for improving urea retention, regulating nitrogen release, and enhancing agricultural nitrogen-use efficiency.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2026
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IF 10.4
Yan Sun,Xiujuan Wang,Guihong Yao,Yaxin Hao,Mingqian Tan,Xiuli Xu
Aflatoxin contamination poses a serious threat to infant health, yet selective enrichment and separation of trace aflatoxins from complex food matrices remains challenging. Herein, we report a polydopamine surface-imprinted chitosan-polyethyleneimine-scaffolded COF aerogel (Fe₃O₄@COF@MIP-AG) featuring large pores, specific binding sites, and a unique medium-blocking effect that enhances resistance to matrix macromolecules and competing molecules. Adsorption follows pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich isotherms, indicating chemisorption-dominated, heterogeneous multilayer adsorption. Notably, the material combines robust mechanical stability with ultrafast kinetics, making it highly suitable for solid-phase extraction (SPE). Density functional theory (DFT) confirmed the thermodynamic stability of the aflatoxin-adsorbent complex and directly links the gel's adsorption configuration to its high selectivity for target analytes. This work establishes a generalizable design strategy for adjustable-performance aerogels and offers mechanistic insights that support the development of highly specific aflatoxin enrichment technologies.
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MACROMOLECULAR BIOSCIENCE
·
2026
·Vol. 26
·期 7
·e70226
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IF 4.2
Yuan Feng,Ding Lin,Zhenhao Li,Xiaobo Xu,Xiuqiang Li,Baijun Liu,Linfa Li,Xiang Ji,Binjun Liang,Fanglian Yao,Hong Zhang,Junjie Li
Capitalizing on microalgae extract (MAE) to scavenge reactive oxygen species, repair cell damage, and modulate macrophage related inflammatory responses, an injectable thermosensitive responsive hydrogel (HBC‐MAE) was developed to promote burn wound healing in this study. Comprising MAE and hydroxybutyl chitosan (HBC), the resulting HBC‐MAE hydrogel showed favorable thermosensitivity; both its sol–gel transition temperature and gelation time were tunable by adjusting the HBC/MAE ratio. Meanwhile, the hydrogels also possessed significant antioxidant and antibacterial activity, enabling them to effectively resist nonspecific protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion. In a burn wound model, the thermosensitive formulation ensured complete wound coverage. By mimicking the extracellular‐matrix, it provides both structural support and a biochemical niche for tissue repair. Furthermore, it suppressed local inflammation and redirected macrophage polarization from the pro‐inflammatory M1 toward the anti‐inflammatory M2 phenotype, thereby establishing an immune‐favorable microenvironment that enhanced the healing rate. Consequently, this multifunctional hydrogel offers a promising and convenient strategy for advanced burn wound care. In this work, an injectable temperature responsive hydrogel (HBC‐MAE) was developed. It can form gel at body temperature and has strong biological antifouling and antibacterial properties. During burn healing, this hydrogel actively provides anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant signals, regulates the wound microenvironment, cooperatively accelerates tissue regeneration, and minimizes scar formation to promote wound healing.
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Results in Chemistry
·
2026
·
IF 5.8
Lei Nie,Ling Wang,Tianxin Wang,Yaling Deng,Wei Guo,Peng Ding
Conductive hydrogels with strong adhesion and antibacterial activity have demonstrated great potential for tissue regeneration applications. In this paper, polypyrrole-doped polydopamine (PDA@PPy) nanocomposites were encapsulated in a polymer hydrogel prepared using quaternary ammonium chitosan (QCS) and aldehyde dextran (ODex), yielding composite hydrogels (QOP). The QOP hydrogels were formed from the pre-solutions within 30 s, and Schiff-base bonds were observed in the polymer network, as verified by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analysis. The fabricated QOP hydrogels displayed a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected porous microstructure, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray computed microtomography (Micro-CT) analyses. With increasing PDA@PPy nanocomposite content, the conductivity of QOP hydrogels increased. Furthermore, the QOP hydrogels exhibited good self-healing abilities and strong adhesion to the surfaces of different materials and organs, including rubber, plastic, glass, metal, heart, pancreas, lung, kidney, stomach, liver, and human skin. The −2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid ammonium salt (ABTS) free-radical scavenging rates of over 80% by QOP hydrogels confirmed their excellent antioxidant ability. In addition, the QOP hydrogels demonstrated effective antibacterial activity against the typical bacteria, Escherichia coli ( E. coli, Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus, Gram-positive). The QOP hydrogels also performed excellent cytocompatibility and good cell migration ability, confirmed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) approach, fluorescent staining, and cell scratch assay. The available data provide a facile strategy for fabricating a hydrogel bio-adhesive with good antioxidant and potential antibacterial activity for biomedical applications.
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ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2026
·Vol. 9
·期 35
·16823-16837
·
IF 5.8
Wang Jiayu,Yan Herui,Li Fan,Chen Zhuoming,Xin Binjie,Wu Yu
Diabetic wounds remain difficult to treat due to bacterial
resistance,
a localized weakly acidic microenvironment, imbalanced oxidative stress,
and poor dressing conformity. To address these challenges, this study
developed an injectable pH-responsive nanocomposite hydrogel using
phenylboronic acid-modified chitosan (PBCS), tannic acid (TA), and
porphyrinic metal–organic framework PCN-224 nanoparticles,
featuring with superior tissue adhesiveness, self-healing, and pH-responsiveness.
The hydrogel was fabricated using PBCS as the matrix and TA as the
cross-linker, establishing a dual-cross-linked network sustained by
dynamic boronate ester bonds and multiple hydrogen bonds, into which
the porphyrinic metal–organic framework (MOF) PCN-224 was subsequently
loaded. This hydrogel precisely senses and exploits the endogenous
weakly acidic microenvironment of the infected wound, triggering the
dissociation of boronate ester bonds to achieve the on-demand release
of TA, as well as the smart regulation of the network’s swelling
behavior. The synchronously released polyphenol component, TA, imparts
excellent antioxidant activity to scavenge excess free radicals and
re-establish oxidative stress balance. Meanwhile, under 660 nm laser
irradiation, PCN-224 generated reactive oxygen species and a mild
photothermal effect, enabling combined photodynamic and photothermal
antibacterial activity. Collectively, the PBCS-TA/PCN-224 nanocomposite
hydrogel integrates pH-responsive behavior, antioxidant activity,
and light-triggered antibacterial functionality, supporting its potential
application in infected diabetic wounds.
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PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2026
·
IF 4.4
Wenbin Jin,Gulina Bektursun,Xinyue Lin,Zuomo Ding,Xiaohong Yu
Efficient recovery and reuse of lipase remain major challenges in lipid biocatalysis. In this study, aldehyde-functionalized gum arabic-modified magnetic chitosan nanoparticles (GA-CHO/MCNPs) were developed as a biopolymer-based magnetic carrier for lipase immobilization. The carrier was prepared by in situ coprecipitation followed by surface modification with periodate-oxidized gum arabic. Under optimized conditions, the protein loading and protein-based immobilization yield reached 112.5 ± 4.8 mg g −1 and 84.6 ± 2.9%, respectively, while the recovered activity was 62.7 ± 3.1%. Compared with free lipase, Lipase@GA-CHO/MCNPs showed a higher optimum temperature (45 versus 35 °C), improved tolerance to pH and thermal treatment, and convenient magnetic recovery. Immobilization increased the apparent K m from 2.12 to 3.85 mM and decreased V max and k cat , indicating diffusional and steric limitations associated with the carrier. Nevertheless, the immobilized lipase achieved a soybean oil hydrolysis yield of 91.2%, retained 82.3% of its initial activity after 10 reuse cycles, and retained 84.8% activity after 30 d of storage at 4 °C. The results support successful lipase immobilization through an aldehyde-amine-mediated coupling strategy and demonstrate the potential of GA-CHO/MCNPs as a recoverable biopolymer-based carrier for soybean oil hydrolysis.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 4.4
Haoting Niu,Shuo Tang,Moyong Li,Lilu Guo,Lulu Qin,Liuyun Jiang,Anji Chen,Xiang Hu
A novel multifunctional double-network hydrogel composed of carboxymethyl chitosan-oxidized sodium alginate-poloxamer (PF127) loaded with Panax notoginseng saponins (OSA/CM/PF127@PNS) was developed for intrauterine adhesion therapy. FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed acetalation crosslinking between OSA and CMC, as evidenced by characteristic imine peak (1636 cm⁻ 1 ). SEM observations revealed the hydrogel possessed a porous microstructure, with robust self-healing capability validated (by rheological cyclic strain tests), a maximum swelling ratio of 1155%, and sustained PNS release reaching 52.2% at 24 h. In vitro degradation studies indicated the stability under physiological pH (7.4) was enhanced due to the dual-crosslinked network. Moreover, the hydrogel exhibited potent antibacterial activity (> 90% inhibition against E. coli and S. aureus ), antioxidant capacity, and excellent hemocompatibility (< 5% hemolysis). The hydrogel showed exceptional biocompatibility in cellular assays. Notably, PNS loading significantly suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF- α , IL-1 β , IL-6) at the mRNA level and inhibited NF- κ B signaling at the protein level. Furthermore, it promoted angiogenesis in vitro, evidenced by upregulated angiogenesis-related proteins. Therapeutically, the hydrogel significantly accelerated wound healing in a murine model (> 90% closure by day 9) and effectively promoted endometrial regeneration in a rat IUA model. This work provides a novel and promising strategy based on natural polymer-based hydrogels, demonstrating its potential for the treatment of intrauterine adhesions and regenerative medicine.
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Materials Today Communications
·
2026
·
IF 4.9
Xinchen Du,Yafang Chen,Peng Zhang,Xuelei Li,Jilite Wang,Sheng Yang,Binhong Teng,Yadong Liu
Developing a diabetic wound dressing that integrates immunomodulation, angiogenesis, and anti-infection effects remains a challenge. Herein, we prepared a novel hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) donor-modified quaternized chitosan sponge. The sponge enabled controlled H 2 S release in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreasing intracellular ROS while increasing H 2 S levels. The sponge modulated Raw 264.7 macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype by inhibiting NF-κB activation, thereby reducing inflammatory cytokine expression and excessive inflammation. The sponge enhanced human umbilical vein endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis by upregulating the vascular endothelial growth factor and endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression. The sponge showed strong antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli , reducing wound inflammatory responses. The biocompatible sponge accelerated diabetic wound healing by synergistically promoting re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis, while attenuating inflammation, superior to commercial 3 M™ dressing. Our ROS-responsive H 2 S-releasing cationic chitosan sponge exhibits significant potential for advanced diabetic wound care.
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ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2026
·
IF 7.8
Zhi Yang,Biao Li,Zhiwen Liu,Qian Xu,Mengyao Li,Daying Zhang,Yunning Chen,Jingbin Han
Aerogels, as highly efficient thermal insulation materials, exhibit significant potential for applications in building exterior insulation, power battery thermal protection, and aerospace thermal management. However, conventional polymer aerogels possess inherent limitations in thermal insulation performance, mechanical compressive strength, and flame-retardant safety, which impede their widespread engineering adoption. Herein, we propose a synergistic fabrication strategy integrating directional freezing and viscosity modulation. By precisely regulating the temperature gradient and incorporating layered double hydroxides (ZnMgAl-LDH) to tune the viscosity of hydrogel precursors, we enhanced the viscous resistance during ice crystal growth, thereby refining ice crystal dimensions. A honeycomb-like ZnMgAl-LDH/chitosan (CS) inorganic–organic hybrid aerogel with tunable pore size distribution was successfully constructed. The superlattice interface of ZnMgAl-LDH and the organic–inorganic hybrid interface synergistically reinforce phonon scattering (covering both long and short wavelengths), effectively suppressing solid thermal conduction and significantly improving the aerogel’s thermal insulation performance. Compared with pure CS aerogel, the hybrid aerogel with optimized pore size displays a lower thermal conductivity (0.03735–0.03936 W/(m·K)) and reduces the surface temperature by 6.9 °C under identical conditions. Moreover, the honeycomb microstructure endows the hybrid aerogel with excellent compressive resilience, retaining 72.4% stress after 50 compression cycles and achieving a compressive modulus 9 times higher than that of pure CS aerogel. Its flame-retardant performance is remarkably enhanced, with the limiting oxygen index (LOI) increasing from 21.5% to 41.4% (meeting high flame-retardant standards) and the peak heat release rate (PHRR) decreasing by 74.9%. Additionally, the hybrid aerogel exhibits superior hydrophobicity and environmental durability, highlighting its great potential for practical engineering applications.
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Applied Materials Today
·
2026
·
IF 7
Man Li,Xuelong Wang,Min Liang,Bingjie Fu,Jieting Chang,Xingpu Liu,Huidi Meng,Hailin Zhang,Changyou Gao
Composite xerogels composed of chitosan and BaSO 4 particles. • Optimal formulation of CS/BaSO 4 xerogels for multimodal imaging. • Hydrated xerogels with appropriate modulus and tissue compatibility. • Resistance of displacement post implantation in vivo . Tissue markers can effectively indicate diseased sites within the body. However, conventional metal-based markers are severely limited by imaging artifacts and high migration risks resulting from mechanical mismatch with soft tissues. Herein, we developed a composite xerogel system composed of chitosan and BaSO 4 particles. Through comprehensive screening, 20–40 wt% BaSO 4 was established as the optimal functional window, within which 40BS-C (a composite xerogel containing 40 wt% BaSO 4 and 60 wt% chitosan) was identified as the optimal formulation for balancing multimodal micro-CT/ultrasound (US)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and mechanical compliance. Upon hydration equilibrium, the compressive modulus of approximately 10 MPa was significantly lower than that of metallic or other rigid materials. Favorable imaging capabilities were shown in both micro-CT and US in vitro . Furthermore, volume swelling and the formation of a moderately thick fibrous capsule provided effective physical anchoring, resulting in significantly lower relative displacement of the markers (4.4–4.6 mm) compared to the metallic counterparts (6.9 mm). A 6-month in vivo animal study confirmed that the markers exhibited favorable multimodal imaging stability (with a micro-CT signal-to-background ratio of 5.43 for the optimal 40BS-C, and an overall US dimensional deviation < 5%) and biocompatibility compared with clinical titanium markers. In summary, this optimized multimodal and anti-migratory marker system provides a reliable strategy for precise lesion localization, demonstrating promising potential for clinical translation. Download: Download high-res image (171KB) Download: Download full-size image
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