Nature Protocols
·
2026
·
IF 18.4
Zhai Wei,Shi Zhenyu,Tao Rui,Li Zijian,Dong Dan,Tang Jiabei,Wang Wenbin,Wang Lixin,Yang Hua,Zhai Li,Ruan Xinyang,Wu Yuxuan,Wang Jie,Yao Yao,Zhao Chen,He Qiyuan,Lai Zhuangchai,Zhang Hua
With the increasing progress in the emerging field of phase engineering of nanomaterials, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with metastable phases have attracted extensive research interest owing to their unique physicochemical properties and promising potential for various applications. Unlike their semiconducting counterparts, metastable 1T′-phase group VIB TMDs exhibit distinctive metallic behavior, making them highly promising for clean energy electrocatalysis (for example, hydrogen evolution), high-performance electronics and superconducting devices. However, conventional synthetic strategies usually suffer from low yields, poor phase purity, small crystal size and harsh experimental conditions, hindering their fundamental research and practical applications. Here we describe a salt-assisted method for the controlled preparation of various metastable 1T′-phase group VIB TMDs with high crystalline quality and high phase purity. In this context, ‘salt-assisted’ refers to the co-annealing of commercially available 2H-phase TMDs, chalcogen powders (for example, S or Se) and alkali metal salts (for example, K 2 C 2 O 4 ·H 2 O or K 2 CO 3 ). When heated in a tube furnace under an H 2 /Ar atmosphere, these alkali metal salts trigger a phase transformation of TMDs from the thermodynamically stable 2H phase to the metastable 1T′ phase. This Protocol describes the details of experimental procedures to prepare a series of 1T′-TMDs, that is, MoS 2 , MoSe 2 , WS 2 , WSe 2 , MoS 2 x Se 2(1− x ) and WS 2 x Se 2(1− x ) . It takes ~37 h 20 min and yields robust 1T′-TMD crystals with their size of up to hundreds of micrometers at a gram scale (up to ~2 g per batch), overcoming the longstanding synthetic bottlenecks and paving the way for advanced fundamental studies and the exploration of practical applications.
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Nature Communications
·
2025
·Vol. 16
·期 1
·1-12
·
IF 15.7
He Bo,Hu Yanhao,Liu Dongshan,Zang Xin,He Xu,Chen Wang,Yang Jingfang,Feng Mingfeng,Chen Ping,Wei Lirong,Li Yu,Yan Wei,Li Jun,Feng Zhike,Zhou Jiahai,Ye Yonghao
Dihydroxyacid dehydratase (DHAD), a key enzyme in branched-chain amino acid synthesis in plants, is a promising yet unexploited herbicide target. Inspired by the natural DHAD inhibitor aspterric acid, we design benzoxazinone derivatives with α-hydroxycarboxylic acid moieties as potential inhibitors and develop an eco-friendly α-C(sp³)-H hydroxylation method for accessing carbonyl compounds. Among the derivatives, 7-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-oxo-4-propyne-3,4-dihydro-2 H -benzo[ b ][1,4]oxazine-2-carboxylic acid ( I-6e) completely inhibits Arabidopsis thaliana germination and suppress six weed species by > 50%, with 100% efficacy against Avena fatua and Setaria viridis at 150 g ai/ha. This broad-spectrum activity and rice crop safety highlight its potential as an herbicide lead compound. Compound I-6e exhibits stronger affinity for DHAD ( K d = 1 µM) than that of the natural substrate ( K d = 5.39 µM). The 2.19 Å cocrystal structure of the At DHAD– I-6e complex reveals a unique binding mechanism, confirming the critical role of the α-hydroxycarboxylic acid scaffold. This study provides a blueprint for rational DHAD inhibitor design.
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Microsystems & Nanoengineering
·
2025
·Vol. 11
·期 1
·1-12
·
IF 9.9
Wang Fang,Zhou Liangyu,Guo Wei,Lin Haisong,Zhang Ruotong,Kuang Shaolong,Liu Yuan,Fan Xiaoxue,Chan Yau Kei,Deng Hui,Shum Ho Cheung
The plasma-derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) enable cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) to combat cancer and infectious wounds. Achieving therapeutic outcomes with CAP necessitates precise treatment doses. Current CAP devices are constrained by their capability of delivering a single dose to a single sample, limiting dose optimization. We propose a novel “one exposure, multiple-dose delivery” strategy by programming gas flows. This approach facilitates efficient screening of optimal CAP dose by distributing feed gas through boundary-conditioned transport channels to generate multiple, flux-varied gas streams, which ignite plasmas with diverse chemical compositions and dose gradients across samples. Our developed demonstration device, capable of administering three doses to sixteen samples, significantly reduces experimental complexity, particularly when handling large candidate doses or samples for treatment. Leveraging multiplexed treatment, we capably optimize the CAP dose to effectively eradicate the liver cancer cell line of Huh7 and bacteria of S. aureus within one exposure. Furthermore, we find manipulating gas flow velocities allows targeted generation of short-lived species. This approach disentangles the roles of short-lived and long-lived RONS in therapeutic applications, offering critical insights into their bio-functional mechanisms. The concept of multiplexed dose treatment with fluidic manipulation promises to catalyze the development of high-efficiency CAP devices and advance research in CAP-based therapies.
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MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2025
·Vol. 192
·期 7
·1-13
·
IF 5.3
Di Huixia,Zhao Min,Cheng Huibin,Wang Yadi,Li Xiaochun
A smartphone-based "monitoring workstation" (SMW) for living cells has been developed, which is coupled with an independent complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor and is compatible with any smartphone for rapid determination through digital image colorimetry (DIC). This SMW system encompasses multifunctional modules, such as high-quality image acquisition, synchronous data storage, wireless transmission, and automated data analysis. Our focus has been on routine and labor-intensive cell detection tasks, including cell viability, protein quantification, and lipid measurement, which can be achieved rapidly on-site with a custom-developed software installed in a smartphone. Consequently, this SMW system offers a promising platform for colorimetric point-of-care test (POCT) that is rapid, simple, cost-effective, and highly accurate, and it is not limited to any particular type or brand of smartphone. Graphical
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JOURNAL OF ELECTROCERAMICS
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2025
·
IF 2.6
Arunkumar G.,Akepati Deepa,Singla Yogesh Kumar
Magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) have garnered significant interest in recent decades due to their vast potential in engineering applications. Magnetorheological (MR) materials can be rapidly and reversibly tuned by applying a magnetic field, leveraging their viscoelastic and mechanical properties. Unlike MR fluids, which are prone to issues like oil contamination and particle sedimentation, MREs offer a solid alternative that mitigates these drawbacks. This solid-state advantage opens up numerous possibilities for creating intelligent devices across various technical domains, including vibration isolation, vibration reduction, and shock absorption. Because of these benefits, recent studies have investigated the incorporation of MREs into energy harvesting systems like piezoelectric materials. Piezoelectric materials are one of the promising technologies in the field of energy harvesting, which can utilize an external source (Vibration) as an input and harvest electrical energy as an output. This might fulfil the growing demands in the field of sustainable and renewable energy. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of innovative materials and their types, particularly MREs and piezoelectric elastomers/polymers. It also discusses various manufacturing methods for MREs and piezoelectric materials, shedding light on their potential applications in the realm of energy harvesting and beyond.
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Science China-Life Sciences
·
2025
·
IF 9.5
Feng Yue,Lin Zishen,Wang Haoran,Men Zhaoyue,Shen Jiakun,Ma Xi
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a prevalent mycotoxin in animal feed that particularly impacts weaned piglets, causing liver damage, growth retardation, and posing significant public health risks. However, the precise mechanisms underlying DON-induced liver damage and optimal treatment approaches remain unclear. The pregnane X receptor (PXR) holds a pivotal position in hepatic xenobiotic elimination and drug metabolism. This research aimed to explore the involvement of PXR in DON-induced liver injury and evaluate the potential of the PXR agonist, 3-indolepropionic acid (IPA), to alleviate liver damage and associated diarrhea in weaned piglets under practical farming conditions. The results demonstrated that DON initiates p53-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis in weaned piglets. RNA-seq and hepatocyte-specific PXR knockout (PXR-HKO) mice revealed PXR’s regulatory role in DON-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. IPA reduces DON-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in piglets, mice, and hepatocyte cell lines by enhancing PXR expression and facilitating nuclear translocation. Furthermore, AlphaFold3 predictions and Co-IP assays demonstrate that DON diminishes PXR-p53 binding, thereby amplifying p53-mediated apoptotic transactivation. In conclusion, this study elucidates a novel mechanism by which PXR decreases its binding to p53 upon DON exposure, thereby promoting hepatocyte apoptosis. Additionally, it validates the positive impact of IPA in mitigating liver damage and diarrhea caused by DON in weaned piglets.
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RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES
·
2025
·
IF 3.5
Guo Fang,Liu Yijun,Zhong Yu,Feng Wanyun,Shang Xiaoqiang,Chen Yufeng
In order to improve the loading capacity of the drug delivery system based on magadiite for procainamide (PA), the cationic PA was inserted into the interlayer of magadiite by the intercalation of tetra-n-butylammonium ions and multi-step ultrasonic ion exchange. X-ray diffraction, compositional analyses, and IR results confirmed that the cationic PA was successfully loaded into the interlayer of magadiite, and the loading capacity of the drug delivery system based on magadiite for PA was about 25.0%. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the thermal stability of PA was obviously improved after it was loaded into the interlayer of magadiite. Drug release revealed the sustained and controlled release of PA from drug delivery system either in phosphate buffer solution (PBS, pH = 7.4, simulating intestinal fluid) or in HCl solution (pH = 1.35, simulating gastric fluid). This sustained release of drugs will be beneficial to improve the availability and efficacy of drugs. Moreover, the kinetic behavior of drug release either in PBS or in HCl can be fitted to ExpAssoc model. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) results indicated that there is an interaction between the magadiite and PA in the drug delivery system, and this interaction may determine the kinetic behavior of drug release. The present work may provide a refer for improving the loading capacity of positively charged drugs in some layered silicates, which would be important in medical field.
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES
·
2025
·Vol. 137
·期 3
·1-13
·
IF 2
He Jun,Dou Jianing,Song Wenchao,Song Tao,Chen Jiaqi,Lin Xuan
CeO 2 /chitosan/expanded graphite (CeO 2 /CS/EG) was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and used for the heterogeneous catalytic ozonation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) in wastewater. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, BET, XPS and FT-IR. In order to study the catalytic activity of CeO 2 /CS/EG, the catalytic performance of CeO 2 /CS/EG/O 3 system was compared with other reaction systems, and the effects of catalyst dosage, pH, initial 4-CP concentration, O 3 concentration and co-existing ions on the degradation of 4-CP in this system were investigated. The results showed that CeO 2 /CS/EG/O 3 system showed high catalytic activity for 4-CP degradation. Under the optimal conditions (pH > 6.5, catalyst dosage 1.0 g L –1 , initial concentration of 4-CP 100 mg L –1 , ozone concentration 2.5 mg L –1 , reaction time 30 min), the removal rate and mineralization rate of 4-CP reached 99.4% and 70.2%, respectively. This degradation process conformed to first-order reaction kinetics. After five consecutive catalytic cycles, the removal rate of 4-CP was still above 97%, showing the excellent stability and reusability of CeO 2 /CS/EG. The ·OH was identified as the main reactive species causing 4-CP degradation through free radical scavenging experiments. According to the main intermediates measured by the HPLC-MS technique, five possible degradation processes of 4-CP catalytic ozonation were deduced. Graphical abstract CeO 2 /chitosan/expanded graphite (CeO 2 /CS/EG) were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and used for heterogeneous catalytic ozonation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) in wastewater. The results showed that the removal efficiency of 4-CP and total organic carbon (TOC, a key parameter representing the total carbon content in organic compounds that indicates mineralization degree) reached 99.4 and 70.2% under optimal conditions. Besides, OH ⋅ was identified as the main substance causing 4-CP degradation.
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ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
·
2025
·
IF 8.4
Yan Meng-qi,Qiu Xiao-yun,Zhang Shuo,Yu Xue-min,Sun Min-juan,Yang Yuan-zhi,Gong Yi-wei,Zou Shuang,Li Meng-han,Fei Fan,Du Yu,Wang Yi,Tang Ying-ying,Chen Zhong,Xu Ceng-lin
Pharmacoresistance remains intractable in epilepsy, necessitating in-depth mechanism investigations. Cumulative data have pointed to active neuroinflammation in pharmacoresistant epilepsy, but the process between neuroinflammation and pharmacoresistance remains unknown. In this study we investigated how severe neuroinflammation altered anti-seizure drugs (ASMs) pharmacology. Hippocampal kindling or kainic acid-induced temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) models were established in mice that had received intra-hippocampal LPS injection. Acute hippocampal slices were prepared; current-clamp recording was made in hippocampal pyramidal neurons to assess the impact of ASMs on neuronal excitability and sodium channels. We showed that intra-hippocampal LPS injection resulted in higher inflammatory cytokine levels in the hippocampus. LPS induced-neuroinflammation significantly decreased the antiseizure efficacy of phenytoin (PHT), carbamazepine (CBZ) and rufinamide (RUF), all the ASMs tested were unable to alleviate the seizure severities. We observed the “off-target” phenomena of ASMs, i.e. ASMs’ loss of ability to suppress the firing of action potentials and the amplitudes of sodium currents in hippocampal pyramidal neurons from LPS-treated mice. We demonstrated that LPS induced-neuroinflammation promoted the degradation of spermine, an essential polyamine linked with ASM performance on sodium channels, through upregulating the catabolic enzyme spermidine/spermine N (1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT). Intra-hippocampal injection of SSAT agonist DENSPM mimicked LPS-induced “off-target” phenomena of ASMs, whereas injection of SSAT antagonist diminazene aceturate into hippocampus reversed the “off-target” phenomenon of ASMs in LPS-treated mice. Finally, intrahippocampal injection of spermine restored the efficacy of ASMs on action potential firings and sodium currents, resulting in the reversal of pharmacoresistance in LPS-treated TLE models. These results provide new evidence that neuroinflammation causes pharmacoresistance in TLE via promoting spermine degradation, and highlight spermine supplementation as a promising therapy for pharmacoresistant TLE.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE
·
2024
·Vol. 35
·期 1
·1-10
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IF 4.2
Yuan Xinyuan,Wu Tingting,Lu Teliang,Ye Jiandong
Both silicon (Si) and zinc (Zn) ions are essential elements to bone health and their mechanisms for promoting osteogenesis have aroused the extensive attention of researchers. Thereinto, the mechanism by which dual ions promote osteogenic differentiation remains to be elucidated. Herein, the effects of Si and Zn ions on the cytological behaviors of mBMSCs were firstly studied. Then, the molecular mechanism of Si-Zn dual ions regulating the osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs was investigated via transcriptome sequencing technology. In the single-ion system, Si ion at the concentration of 1.5 mM (Si-1.5) had better comprehensive effects of cell proliferation, ALP activity and osteogenesis-related gene expression levels (ALP, Runx2, OCN, Col-I and BSP); Zn ion at the concentration of 50 μM (Zn-50) demonstrated better combining effects of cell proliferation, ALP activity and same osteogenic genes expression levels. In the dual-ion system, the Si (1.5 mM)-Zn (50 μM) group (Si1.5-Zn50) synthetically enhanced ALP activity and osteogenesis genes compared with single-ion groups. Analysis of the transcriptome sequencing results showed that Si ion had a certain effect on promoting the osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs; Zn ion had a stronger effect of contributing to a better osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs than that of Si ion; the Si-Zn dual ions had a synergistic enhancement on conducting to the osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs compared to single ion (Si or Zn). This study offers a blueprint for exploring the regulation mechanism of osteogenic differentiation by dual ions. Graphical Abstract
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PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
·
2025
·
IF 3.2
Li Die,Wang Ting,Zhao Ruike,Wang Weiqun,Zhang Yu,Long Ai,Bi Haojie,Wang Hanying,Wang Daoshuang,Shi Jingpei,Li Yupeng,Lyu Lechun
Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is a reaction process caused by an increase in melanin or abnormal melanin distribution due to inflammatory skin diseases, skin disease treatments, and external stimuli. Ultraviolet radiation can exacerbate PIH. It stimulates melanocytes, increases melanin production and deposition, and deepens the color and prolongs the duration of PIH. This study aims to investigate the inhibitory effects of Coelonin, an extract from Dendrobium officinale, on melanin production and its underlying mechanisms. Through molecular docking analysis, we found that Coelonin has significantly stronger binding capabilities to tyrosinase (TYR) and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) than kojic acid, a well-known whitening agent. This stronger binding ability suggests that Coelonin may inhibit melanin production by regulating the activity of melanin metabolism-related proteins, thereby exerting its whitening effect. Compared with kojic acid, Coelonin demonstrates superior binding characteristics at the molecular level, providing stronger evidence for its potential as a whitening active ingredient. In cell experiments, Coelonin had no significant effect on the proliferation of B16-F10 melanoma cells within the concentration range of 20–40 µM, but it could significantly reduce the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inhibit TYR activity and melanin production. Western blot results showed that Coelonin could downregulate the expression of TYR, MITF, TRP-1, and TRP-2 proteins. In in vivo experiments, a guinea pig model of PIH was established by Ablative Fractional Resurfacing CO₂ Laser (AFR CO 2 ) combined with UV-B irradiation. It was found that Coelonin treatment could significantly improve skin pigmentation, reduce melanin granule deposition, and did not cause skin inflammation or hyperplasia and other side effects. This study indicates that Coelonin is an efficient and safe melanin synthesis inhibitor and has the potential to be developed as a plant-derived skin whitening agent.
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CATALYSIS LETTERS
·
2025
·Vol. 155
·期 11
·1-18
·
IF 2.4
Zheng Chenyu,Sun Dayu,Gan Jingyi,Wang Rui,Gao Lijing,Wei Ruiping,Xiao Guomin
Lignin, a promising sustainable biopolymer, exhibits immense potential as a renewable feedstock for aromatic chemicals and advanced materials, offering a green alternative to fossil resources. However, its complex aromatic structure and recalcitrant β-O-4 ether bond pose significant challenges for efficient depolymerization. In this study, a series of Ce-modified Cu-Ni-Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) catalysts (CuNiAlCe x ) were designed for the catalytic transfer hydrogenolysis (CTH) of enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) using ethanol as a hydrogen donor, aiming to produce low-molecular-weight lignin oil (LO) enriched with phenolic hydroxyl groups. Structural and surface analyses revealed that Ce modification enhanced oxygen vacancy concentration through dynamic Ce 3+ /Ce 4+ redox cycling and optimized acid site distribution, synergistically facilitating C-O bond cleavage. The highest LO yield of 71.8% was attained under optimized reaction parameters, accompanied by a marked reduction in molecular weight and concurrent increases in phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. GC-MS analysis identified diverse aromatic monomers (total yield: 21.34%), predominantly guaiacyl derivatives. This study reveals the synergistic interaction between oxygen vacancies and acid sites in CuNiAlCe x catalysts, providing a green strategy for the selective valorization of lignin into aromatic compounds, thereby advancing sustainable biorefinery technology. Graphical
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