查找使用阿拉丁产品的科研文献

Linker Engineering in Dibenzothiophene-S,S-Dioxide-Containing Conjugated Polymers for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Pure Water

Shuailing Wang,Qi Li,Yuxi Zheng,Feng Wang

Donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated polymers have emerged as promising photocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) production due to their unique optoelectronic properties. While extensive studies have explored the impact of D/A structures on photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production performance of conjugated polymers, the role of the linkage structure in modulating photocatalytic activity was rarely investigated. In this study, three D–A conjugated polymers, including ethylene-linked PSO-CC, imine-linked PSO-CN, and azo-linked PSO-NN, have been designed and synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction. Remarkably, although the linkages differ by a single atom, the three polymers exhibit significantly different optoelectronic characteristics and charge transfer kinetics. It was revealed that photogenerated electrons preferentially migrated to the N sites in imine and azo linkages in PSO-CN and PSO-NN, respectively, thereby increasing photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production activity. The moderate polarized polymer PSO-CN shows excellent photocatalytic performance with an H 2 O 2 production rate of 1.43 mmol g −1 h −1 in pure water without any sacrificial agent. Theoretical investigation demonstrates that the imine linkages in PSO-CN serve as the active sites for photocatalysis. This work highlights the critical role of linkage electronic properties in modulating photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production performance for D–A conjugated polymers.

Alleviating the reactivity-sustainability dilemma in groundwater dechlorination: Particle size regulation in stabilizer-assisted biogenically sulfidated mZVI systems

Weiran Meng,Haoran Tian,Jia Xin,Qianyi Zhou,Yihan Wang

Particle size regulation balances reactivity and sustainability in XG-BS-mZVI. • Larger mZVI particles sustain reactivity by reducing passivation and cytotoxicity. • Larger particles enhance chemical dechlorination and biological denitrification. • A size-mediated abiotic–biotic feedback loop enables sustained TCE dechlorination. • Multi-criteria assessment guides sustainable and high-performance system design. In situ biogenically sulfidated microscale zero-valent iron (BS-mZVI) has shown promise for selective dechlorination in groundwater systems containing competing electron acceptors such as nitrate (NO 3 − ). However, practical application is critically limited by the unresolved trade-off between initial reactivity and sustainability. This trade-off is further complicated by the engineering requirement for stabilizer-assisted delivery (e.g., xanthan gum, XG) to enhance subsurface mobility. Here, we demonstrate that iron particle size is not merely a reactivity-related parameter but also a system-level governing factor controlling the long-term co-evolution of chemical reactivity, microbial community structure, and byproduct selectivity in XG-stabilized BS-mZVI systems. Using continuous-flow column experiments exceeding 106 pore volumes (PVs) to trichloroethylene (TCE) and NO 3 − , we show that larger particles (23 μm, XG-BS-mZVI 23 ) achieve sustained dechlorination performance, with a high cumulative TCE removal (62.86 mg C), an 87.82% complete dechlorination rate, and >97% N 2 selectivity. Mechanistic analyses reveal that appropriate particle size mitigates surface passivation and alleviates cytotoxicity (validated via a cross-study data synthesis) under XG-stabilized conditions, thereby establishing a biologically favorable niche that sustains functional microbial communities. This enables a particle-size-mediated abiotic-biotic feedback loop, in which sulfate-reducing bacteria maintain reactive FeS x surface phases to support electron transfer-driven dechlorination, while denitrifying bacteria concurrently achieve efficient biological nitrate reduction. A multi-criteria performance assessment integrating technical performance, environmental outcomes, and material costs further confirms that design toward an intermediate-to-large particle size (represented here by 23 μm) alleviates the intrinsic reactivity-sustainability dilemma in stabilizer-assisted mZVI systems. Collectively, this study highlights particle size as a central design principle for engineering long-term sustainable groundwater remediation. Download: Download high-res image (160KB) Download: Download full-size image

RSL1D1 deficiency reduces FTH1 stability and induces ferroptosis and senescence in retinal pigment epithelial cells in diabetic retinopathy

Leilei Qin,Yanli Guo,Yi Zhang,Nianting Tong,Chunning Zhao

Ribosomal L1 domain-containing protein 1 (RSL1D1) is an RNA-binding protein that relates to senescence. Nevertheless, the mechanism of RSL1D1 in modulating senescence and ferroptosis in diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains undefined. The DR mice were developed by intraperitoneal injection of STZ, and AAV targeting RPE was used for gene intervention. ARPE-19 cells were infected using oe-RSL1D1 and sh-FTH1 lentivirus before 30 mM high glucose (HG) exposure. Cell damage was assessed by measuring the expression of senescence and ferroptosis markers in ARPE-19 cells, along with oxidative stress indicators and Fe 2+ levels. RSL1D1 and FTH1 expression were significantly reduced in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer of diabetic mice and HG-induced ARPE-19 cells. Downregulation of RSL1D1 led to RPE cell senescence and dysregulated iron homeostasis-induced ferroptosis. HG treatment reduced the interaction between RSL1D1 protein and FTH1 mRNA in ARPE-19 cells, while RSL1D1 overexpression enhanced this interaction, thereby stabilizing FTH1 mRNA expression. The alleviating effects of RSL1D1 overexpression on retinal pigment epithelium cell senescence and ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo were compromised by FTH1 knockdown. Overall, this study unveils a posttranscriptional regulation of FTH1 by RSL1D1 and uncovers the implication of RSL1D1/FTH1 in cellular senescence and ferroptosis in DR.

Depolymerized Fucoidan Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Association with Alterations in Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Profiles

Obesity is a major global health concern associated with various metabolic disorders. Fucoidan, a seaweed-derived sulfated polysaccharide, has shown potential in alleviating obesity through modulation of gut microbiota. However, comparative effects of native and depolymerized fucoidan (Dfuc) on HFD-induced obesity and gut microbiota dysbiosis remain unclear. In this study, we compared the anti-obesity effects of fucoidan and Dfuc and evaluated their regulatory effects on gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in HFD-fed mice. Results showed that fucoidan and Dfuc reduced body weight gain, fat accumulation and hepatic lipid abnormalities. They also alleviated liver injury and oxidative stress and inflammation in hepatic and colonic tissues, with Dfuc significantly improving parameters such as serum AST, hepatic MDA, SOD activity, and TNF-α expression compared to the HF group. Furthermore, gut microbiota analysis showed that both fucoidan and Dfuc treatments enrichedAlloprevotellaandAllobaculum, while fucoidan increasedAkkermansiaandBlautia, and Dfuc promotedBifidobacteriumandRomboutsia. Moreover, metabolite analysis showed that Dfuc significantly increased fecal acetate and propionate concentrations, and induced more pronounced changes in fecal metabolites related to amino acid, carbohydrate, and bile acid metabolism. These findings suggest that Dfuc holds potential as a functional food ingredient for alleviating HFD-induced obesity and gut microbiota dysbiosis.

Ultrafine Cu nanoparticles confined in a {Co20} thiacalix[4]arene coordination cage for efficient pollutant degradation in water

Chao Wu,Yuqi Sun,Xueling Liu,Ruining Shi,Qiuxuan Li,Chenghao Yin,Rui Zhang,Chao Xu,Guoshuai Zhang,Haitao Han

A polyhedral coordination cage (PCC) was constructed as a confined nanoreactor. • Ultrafine Cu nanoparticles of approximately 1 nm were uniformly stabilized in PCC. • Cu NPs@PCC achieved 99.09% metronidazole removal within 15 min. • PMS activation involved synergistic radical and nonradical oxidation pathways. • The catalyst showed good stability, recyclability, and broad pollutant applicability. Developing PMS-based heterogeneous catalysts with high activity and durability is limited by the aggregation and deactivation of active metal species. Herein, a cobalt-based thiacalix[4]arene polyhedral coordination cage (PCC, compound 1) was constructed as a confined nanoreactor for stabilizing ultrasmall Cu nanoparticles, yielding a Cu NPs@1 catalyst for PMS activation. The abundant exposed nitrogen-donor sites within the PCC enabled uniform confinement of ∼1 nm Cu nanoparticles and effectively suppressed their aggregation. Benefiting from the confined catalytic environment and highly dispersed active sites, Cu NPs@1 exhibited excellent activity toward metronidazole (MTZ) degradation, achieving 99.09% removal within 15 min ( k obs = 0.27 min -1 ). The catalyst maintained high performance under various pollutant concentrations, coexisting ions, and repeated cycles, and also efficiently degraded rhodamine B and tetracycline. Mechanistic studies revealed that PMS activation involved both radical and nonradical pathways, with 1 O 2 , ·OH, ·SO 4 - , and ·O 2 - contributing to pollutant oxidation. LC-MS analysis revealed that MTZ underwent hydroxylation, bond cleavage, and ring-opening reactions, leading to progressive degradation and mineralization. This work provides a coordination cage confinement strategy for constructing highly dispersed metal nanoparticle catalysts toward advanced oxidation processes. A cobalt-based thiacalix[4]arene polyhedral coordination cage (PCC) was employed as a confined nanoreactor to stabilize ultrasmall Cu nanoparticles for efficient PMS activation. The resulting Cu NPs@PCC catalyst enabled rapid metronidazole degradation through synergistic radical and nonradical pathways involving 1 O 2 , ·OH, ·SO 4 ⁻, and ·O 2 ⁻. The coordination-cage confinement effectively suppressed nanoparticle aggregation, enhanced catalytic stability, and provided a versatile strategy for advanced oxidation catalysis. Download: Download high-res image (355KB) Download: Download full-size image

Interspecific differences in key quality attributes and potential factors associated with fried flavor formation in wild Termitomyces albuminosus

Hairong Wu,Xuanbei Liu,Xuejiao Wang,Xiaoyu Yin,Jianxin Cao,Xingwei Wang

Five wild Termitomyces species showed distinct flavor precursor profiles. • C8 alcohols dominated fresh Termitomyces mushrooms and shaped typical mushroom notes. • TH exhibited high amino acids and the strongest umami potential. • Free amino acids and sugars were linked to frying-derived aldehydes and heterocycles. Termitomyces albuminosus are important wild edible fungi. In this study, five representative wild Termitomyces species were investigated to characterize interspecific differences in proximate composition and flavor attributes and to examine differences in frying flavor quality and potential associations between precursor composition and frying-induced volatile profiles. The results showed that all species had high moisture and low fat content. TH contained the highest level of total free amino acids and exhibited an EUC value of 120.76 g MSG equivalents/100 g. Soluble sugar content ranged from 153.28 to 303.77 mg/g. Glucose levels were relatively high in TB and TC, whereas sucrose dominated in TM. Reducing sugar content ranged from 2.94% to 23.27%, with the highest level in TB. TC showed the highest total nucleotide level (524.67 mg/100 g), while TB contained relatively high levels of IMP and AMP. The volatile profiles of the fresh samples were predominantly composed by C8 alcohols. Frying increased identified volatile compounds from 55 to 82 and markedly promoted the accumulation of aldehydes, ketones, and heterocyclic compounds. TH accumulated the highest level of aldehydes, whereas heterocyclic compounds were more abundant in TB. These variations were closely associated with free amino acids, sugars, and low-molecular-weight peptides. The observed fried-flavor patterns were consistent with the possible involvement of Maillard reactions, Strecker degradation, and lipid oxidation. These findings provided a theoretical basis for understanding interspecific differences among Termitomyces and guidance for the targeted development of Termitomyces -based flavor products. Download: Download high-res image (339KB) Download: Download full-size image

The Role of Amh in Gonadal Development and Its Response to Exogenous Hormones in Blotched Snakehead (Channa maculata)

Junqi Qin,Yueying Deng,Yuntao Lu,Yang Zhang,Luping Liu,Qing Luo,Haiyang Liu,Shuzhan Fei,Yuandong Sun,Mi Ou

Anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh) is a key regulator of sex determination and differentiation in fish. In this study, we identified and characterized a single-copyAmhortholog, designatedCmAmh, in blotched snakehead (Channa maculata), an economically important species in China. The cDNA spans 2340 bp and encodes a 545-amino-acid protein with conserved AMH-N and TGF-β domains.CmAmhexhibited pronounced male-biased gonadal expression, with transcript levels in testes markedly exceeding those in ovaries across all developmental stages (45~365 days post-hatching (dph)). Cellular localization revealedCmAmhtranscripts in the Sertoli cells and spermatogonia of the testis and, more weakly, in the oogonia and primary oocytes of the ovary, suggesting a primary role in spermatogenesis and a potential modulatory function in early oogenesis. A strong inverse correlation between promoter CpG methylation and transcriptional activity, hypermethylation in ovaries (82.5~89.7%) versus hypomethylation (15.8~19.1%) in testes, indicated epigenetic regulation, which functionally integrates with hormonal signaling: 17β-estradiol (E2) suppressed, whereas methyltestosterone (MT) upregulatedCmAmhexpression. Long-term E2exposure induced male-to-female secondary sex reversal (SSR) in 26.7% of XY individuals, whereas MT failed to reverse XX fish, indicating thatCmAmhmodulation alone is insufficient to override ovarian fate. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis achieved 40~45% editing efficiency, predominantly generating frameshift alleles, providing a platform for future functional studies. Collectively, these findings positionCmAmhas a hormone-responsive nodal point within a broader sex-differentiation network. This work provides a theoretical foundation for sex-control strategies inC. maculataaquaculture, while future studies should focus on homozygous mutant generation to definitively establish its loss-of-function phenotype and regulatory networks.

Mechanistic study of cortex mori radices on alleviating inflammatory response in fibroblasts and enhancing lung function in COPD

Liqun Liu,Minhong Peng,Yuanfeng Lai,Weibin Chen,Yiwen Du,Xingyu Chen,Tian Zhang

CMR ameliorates lung histopathological injury, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in COPD rats. • CMR suppresses EMT and ERS in a rat model of COPD. • CMR suppresses TGF-β1-induced fibroblast migration and invasion through the inhibition of ERS. • CMR alleviates TGF-β1-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis in fibroblasts via ERS inhibition. • CMR inhibits TGF-β1-induced fibroblast activation by suppressing the ERS pathway. Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous condition defined by persistent airway inflammation. While traditional Chinese medicine offers distinct advantages in its management, the pharmacological effects and mechanisms of cortex mori radices (CMR) in COPD remain largely unexplored. Methods A cigarette smoke-induced COPD rat model and a transforming growth factor‑β1 (TGF‑β1)‑stimulated MRC‑5 fibroblast model were established. To evaluate the therapeutic effects, multiple endpoint indicators were assessed, including histopathology by hematoxylin‑eosin (HE) staining; oxidative stress markers including malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‑Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD); inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), interleukin‑6 (IL‑6), interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein‑1 (MCP‑1); and fibrosis and fibroblast activation by Transwell assay, wound healing assay, quantitative real‑time PCR (qRT‑PCR), and Western blot. Results Animal experiments confirmed that CMR alleviated lung injury in COPD rats, inhibited oxidative stress (reduced MDA levels and increased GSH-Px and SOD activities) and inflammatory factor levels (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1) ( P  < 0.001), upregulated E-cadherin expression, and downregulated N-cadherin, COL-1, ATF6, GRP78, and XBP1 ( P  < 0.05, P  < 0.01, P  < 0.001). Furthermore, in vitro rescue experiments using tunicamycin (TM) confirmed that endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) was successfully reactivated. Upon ERS activation, the CMR‑mediated inhibitory effects on TGF‑β1‑induced fibroblast activation, migration, invasion, oxidative stress, and inflammation were significantly reversed ( P  < 0.05, P  < 0.01, P  < 0.001). Conclusion This study elucidates the mechanism by which CMR inhibits fibroblast inflammation and enhances lung function in COPD, highlighting its clinical potential as a promising candidate drug for combating COPD. Download: Download high-res image (205KB) Download: Download full-size image

Ce-induced built-in electric field engineering in Bi7O9I3/TiO2 S-scheme heterojunction for enhanced photocatalytic nitrogen fixation

Ao Sun,Mingliang Sun,Sen Yang,Tianyi Yang,Hongwei Zhu,Erhan Qin,Cong Wang,Xin Li,Yan Xing

Ce-doped Bi 7 O 9 I 3 /TiO 2 S-scheme heterojunction was constructed for PNRR. • Ce doping modulates the Fermi level and strengthens the built-in electric field. • The enhanced BIEF promotes directional charge transfer across the heterojunction. • Strengthened charge separation improves photocatalytic N 2 fixation performance. • N 2 reduction proceeds via an associative distal reaction pathway. Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation offers a sustainable route for ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions, but its practical application is severely limited by inefficient charge separation and sluggish interfacial charge-transfer kinetics. Herein, we develop a Ce-doped Bi 7 O 9 I 3 /TiO 2 S-scheme heterojunction through dopant-mediated Fermi level engineering to strengthen the interfacial built-in electric field (BIEF) and enhance photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. The charge transfer behavior and N 2 reduction mechanism was investigated using photoelectrochemical measurements, Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), theoretical calculations, and in situ FT-IR spectroscopy. Ce doping shifts the Fermi level of Bi 7 O 9 I 3 upward, thereby enlarging the Fermi level difference between Bi 7 O 9 I 3 and TiO 2 and strengthening the interfacial BIEF. The enhanced BIEF promotes directional interfacial charge transfer and suppresses photogenerated carrier recombination, leading to improved charge separation. Consequently, the optimized photocatalyst achieves an NH 3 production rate of 53.70 μmol g −1  h −1 in pure water, which is 8.21- and 3.76-fold higher than those of pristine Bi 7 O 9 I 3 and the undoped Bi 7 O 9 I 3 /TiO 2 heterojunction, respectively. In situ FT-IR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations indicate that the photocatalytic nitrogen reduction proceeds through an associative distal pathway. This work demonstrates that dopant-induced Fermi level engineering can effectively regulate interfacial electric fields and charge transfer behavior in S-scheme heterojunctions, providing a rational strategy for BIEF engineering in efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation. Download: Download high-res image (166KB) Download: Download full-size image

Continuous-Flow Vapor-Phase Methanolysis in a Fixed-Bed Enables PET Recycling with In Situ Decolorization and Purification

Feng Boyang,Wang Saidi,Wang Liwen,Yu Lingzhi,Zheng Qiwen,Yan Dongxia,Zhou Qing,Li Yi,Xu Junli,Lu Xingmei,Zhang Qinqin,Xin Jiayu

Traditional PET methanolysis often suffers from high solvent consumption and complicated downstream purification, particularly when processing colored or contaminated polyester waste. Herein, we report a continuous-flow vapor-phase methanolysis approach using a fixed-bed reactor combined with catalyst-pretreated PET for the depolymerization of waste polyester materials. In this process, methanol vapor continuously passes through the reactor and transports volatile depolymerization products out of the reaction zone during the reaction. Under optimized conditions, the system achieved up to 90% dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) yield, while the condensed products exhibited a combined DMT/MHET purity of approximately 99%. In addition, colored PET feedstocks underwent effective in-situ decolorization during vapor-phase methanolysis, with decolorization efficiencies exceeding 90%. ICP analysis further demonstrated substantially reduced metal contamination in the recovered products compared to conventional liquid-phase methanolysis. These results suggest that continuous vapor-phase methanolysis enables simultaneous PET depolymerization and partial purification within a single-process configuration, providing experimental insights into the treatment and upgrading of colored and contaminated polyester wastes.

Age-Driven Olfactory Plasticity Regulates Oviposition Behavior in Mated Grapholita molesta Females in Response to Pear Fruit Volatiles

Weina Kong,Hang Chen,Xiaoxue Wei,Changnian Liu,Yi Wang,Xuefeng Hu,Jie Li,Ruiyan Ma,Longlong Liu

Grapholita molesta is a major fruit tree pest. Host plant volatiles act as chemical cues to mediate female oviposition. This study investigated the recognition of ovipositing G. molesta females for pear volatile blends based on age-dependent olfactory plasticity. Results showed that mated females exhibited a distinct reproduction–flight coordination window optimized at 2 days of age. Olfactory gene expression in female antennae depended on the postmating age. Nine odorant receptor (OR) genes were upregulated at 3 vs. 9 days postmating (DPM), with stronger antennal responses to trace-level odorants. RNA interference targeting ORs, especially GmolOR46, reduced antennal responses and oviposition preference at 3 DPM. Mature pears emitted more volatiles than apples, especially after mechanical injury. Females at 3 DPM were attracted to volatiles from intact or injured mature pears, particularly at high concentrations. They increased field moth catches. Our findings reveal that pear volatiles have potential as attractants for G. molesta.

A Resilient In Situ Raman-Based Framework for Identifying Thermally Aged Microplastics: Validation in Waste-to-Energy Incineration

Ting Su,Xiangyu Gu,Shuang Deng,Huasheng Wang,Wenjie Zhu,Zhuoqing Li,Songgeng Li,Fengchang Wu

Waste-to-energy (WtE) incineration is increasingly recognized as a non-negligible source of environmental microplastics (MPs). However, reliable identification of incineration-derived MPs remains challenging, because high-temperature conditions alter polymer chemistry and distort spectral signatures, rendering conventional reference libraries and matching criteria inadequate. Here, we employed in situ Raman spectroscopy to capture real-time spectral evolution of eight representative plastics during thermal transformation and established the first comprehensive spectral library for thermally aged MPs. On this basis, we further developed an open-access identification framework and introduced the novel concept of “MP derivative” to refine polymer classification. This identification scheme elevated the median spectral matching degree from 47 to 91% and reduced unassigned spectra by 76%, improving spectral classification confidence for thermally aged MPs. Application to flue gas samples from an industrial grate furnace WtE incinerator showed that over 89% of emitted MPs exhibited spectral signatures consistent with thermally transformed derivatives, predominantly derived from polypropylene. This incinerator was estimated to emit 3.7 × 1012 atmospheric MPs annually, with a median particle length of 9.0 μm, highlighting potential environmental and inhalation risks. Our study provides a robust framework for identifying aged MPs and underscores the need to address incineration-derived MP pollution.