ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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2017
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IF 5.951
Youping Zhou,Xijie Yin,Hubiao Yang,Jing Su,Huimin Yu,Yan Wang,Shuixiu Zhou,Saša Zavadlav
The chemical linkage between α-cellulose and lignin in plant cell walls has long been a controversial topic and crucial to devising effective strategies for sustainable biomass and bioenergy utilization. In this new contribution, we surveyed 80 Poaceae (Gramineae) species grown in tropical Hainan Island (China) to test the hypothesis that the presence of oxygen-containing chemical linkage in Poaceae species is widespread. Our innovative natural abundance oxygen isotopic analysis allowed us to infer that more than 1/3 of the species investigated has chemical (ether) linkages between α-cellulose and lignin in their leaf cell walls, with a species-specific 2–89 oxygen-containing bonds for every 1000 glucose units. However, the presence of such linkage appears to be phylogeny-dependent. On average, species of C3 photosynthetic mode are found to have more extensive oxygen-containing linkages than those of C4 photosynthetic mode. Our finding challenges the conventional view that no chemical bonds between α-cellulose and lignin are present in higher plant cell walls and calls for new strategies for further understanding of the chemical linkage between the two major constituents of cell walls. This is especially important in the context of renewed and growing interests in biomass, bioenergy, and plant cell wall structure studies.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Zhenrui Li,Haifeng Zuo,Minglei Su,Zhenbing Sun,Jianfeng Ma,Xing’e Liu,Pengyi Zhang
Continuous adsorption removal of trace VOCs under humid conditions, especially when the relative humidity (RH) is ≥50 %, faces great challenges in indoor air purification. Herein, we synthesized super-activated carbons (LSACs) using alkali lignin extracted from black liquor via potassium hydroxide (KOH)-assisted chemical activation. The LSAC-3 with ultra-high specific surface area ( S BET : 2535 m 2 /g) and microporosity (92.4 %) was then covalently grafted with the CF 2 groups onto its surface through a [2 + 1] cycloaddition reaction to significantly enhance humidity resistance. After modification, the LSAC-3-CF 2 preserved adsorption sites to the greatest extent, with a minimal loss of S BET , at only 4.9 %. Moreover, LSAC-3-CF 2 , which contained a trace fluorine element (0.55 %), exhibited excellent hydrophobic performance, with a water contact angle (WCA) of 153.7°. The dynamic adsorption experiments further demonstrated that LSAC-3-CF 2 exhibited superior trace toluene adsorption capacity, with 145.9 mg/g at 50 RH% and 46.0 mg/g at 80 RH%, respectively, superior to many reported adsorbents. In addition, LSAC-3-CF 2 displayed excellent regeneration performance after three dynamic adsorption cycles. The adsorption mechanism of toluene on LSAC-3-CF 2 could be attributed to (1) the improved π-π stacking interaction between toluene molecules and the adsorbent surface, and (2) the reduced hydrogen bond interaction between water molecules and oxygen-containing groups onto the adsorbent surface due to the covalent grafting of CF 2 group. This study provides valuable insights and design references for developing adsorbents that can effectively adsorb trace VOCs under high humidity conditions, offering potential solutions for improving indoor air quality.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2024
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IF 4.9
Yihao Zhang,Yingnan Sun,Haiming Li,Meihong Niu,Xing Wang,Zhiwei Wang,Yanzhu Guo
Herein, a type of amphoteric lignin-based hydrogel adsorbent (ALH) was synthesized via free radical polymerization of lignosulfonate with methylacrylloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and acrylic acid through a simple one-pot approach. The ALH exhibited excellent adsorption capacity in removing ammonium (NH 4 + ) and phosphate (H 2 PO 4 - ) ions, with a maximum theoretical adsorption capacity (q e ) of 200.49 and 257.22 mg·g −1 , respectively. Meanwhile, the effects of ALH dosage, pH values of solution, and interfering ionic ions on the q e of ALH were also investigated. The adsorption process of ALH for ammonium and phosphate ions obeyed the pseudo-first-order kinetic and Freundlich isotherm model. The possible mechanism of the adsorption processes were the physical and chemical adsorption. The reusability results indicated that ALH exhibited outstanding recyclability and stability, and the adsorption capacity was maintained more than 91.04 % and 91.00 % after five cycles of regeneration. The ALH prepared in this manuscript exhibited relatively higher adsorption capacity to ammonium and phosphate ions than the majority of non-metallic adsorbents. The adsorbed ALH could be reused as a slow-release fertilizer for the culture of rice hydroponics. In addition, the recycled ALH displayed excellent slow-release capacities and 71.5 % of ammonium and phosphate ions were released from ALH-N&P within 30 days. The products in this manuscript would not only open ways on the high-value application of lignin and recirculation of the adsorbent, but also give highlights on developing cost-effective and eco-friendly slow-release fertilizers in agriculture or substrates for oilless culture.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2025
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IF 8.5
Junyao Wang,Jianlang Shu,Huan Liu,Dingyi Ren,Jiafu Song,Tinggang Zhang,Zhida Li,Yuhan Huang,Yuyang Huang
Recently, the application of flexible sensors for wearable devices has attracted much attention from researchers. This study reports a capacitive pressure sensor with a solvent-exchanged porous lignin-cellulose hydrogel as the dielectric layer (SPLCH). The detection range and sensitivity of the sensor were modulated by adjusting the ratio of alkaline lignin(AL) and sodium lignosulfonate(SL). The existence of the porous structure and the ester bonds generated by cross-linking were demonstrated by material characterization experiments. The compression modulus of SPLCH is in the range of 310–320 kPa. The capacitive pressure sensing prepared in this way has a sensitivity of 5.18kPa -1 and 2.87kPa -1 , a wide detection range (0–185.22 kPa), a short response-recovery time (25-50 ms), a low detection limit (1.875 Pa), and a good stability of repetitive loading (20,000 cycles) within two phases, respectively, which is finally applied practically in the detection of breathing, swallowing, human motion signals, speech recognition, pedometers, and Morse code information transmission scenarios. It provides a new idea for future porous structure fabrication processes and utilization of lignin to prepare flexible capacitive pressure sensors with high detection range and high sensitivity.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2024
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IF 7.7
Manjia Lu,Shirong Sun,Xiaoya Li,Qiyu Liu,Wenli Zhang,Xueqing Qiu
Two distinctive aromatic units, p − coumarate and ferulate, exist in corncob lignin, which have the potential to yield p − coumaric acid ( p CA) and ferulic acid (FA). Although p CA and FA are primarily extracted from corncob lignin utilizing strong acids and bases, extremely acidic or alkaline conditions result in the disruption of the aromatic unit structure of the residual lignin. Herein, lactic acid coupled with choline chloride was utilized as acidic deep eutectic solvent (DES), while K 2 CO 3 with glycerin was used as alkaline DES, thereby facilitating the extraction of p CA, FA and lignin from corncob in a mild environment. Furthermore, the differences in monophenol yields from pyrolysis of lignin were investigated. The alkaline DES exhibited a stronger extraction capacity for these acids. The yields of p CA and FA were 15.47 mg/g and 7.44 mg/g (based on the weight of corncob). Contrastively, the subsequent pyrolysis process yielded a higher amount of monophenol from the lignin extracted using acidic DES, with notably greater quantities of low methoxy phenolic monomers. This renders it a preferred option for subsequent processing into high−calorific biofuels. This work presents a straightforward and efficient strategy for the deconstruction of the lignin from corncob to enhance the utilization value of agricultural wastes.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2025
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IF 8.5
Xiaobing Liang,Jiaxin Li,Zhihui Li,Yibin Lin,Hailiang Li,Duoqu Chen,Yonghui Xiao,Wenjing Lin,Chufen Yang,Guobin Yi
Photo redox atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) represents an excellent technique for forming multifunctional polymers. However, there was little report on photo redox ATRP of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). Herein, we reported that introduced GQDs to ATRP in DMF solvent for the first time, significantly reducing the amount of copper catalyst (<500 ppm) required for the synthesis of alkali lignin-poly( N -isopropylacrylamide)-poly( N , N -dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)-poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) (AL-(PNIPAM-PDMAEMA-PPEGMA) 2 ). The copolymer had molecular weight of 46,884 and polydispersity index (PDI) of 1.07. The micelles self-assembled from AL-(PNIPAM-PDMAEMA-PPEGMA) 2 in aqueous solution served as an excellent template for the simultaneous in situ preparation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and the encapsulation of the hydrophobic anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT). By adjusting the mole ratio of [DMAEMA]:[AgNO 3 ], a series of AgNPs with controllable sizes (2.5–20.6 nm) could be obtained. AL-(PNIPAM-PDMAEMA-PPEGMA) 2 @Ag@CPT exhibited temperature and pH-sensitive release properties, releasing 80 % of the drug in an acidic and 37 °C tumor environment within 120 h. Furthermore, 150 μg/mL AL-(PNIPAM-PDMAEMA-PPEGMA) 2 @Ag@CPT effectively killed 75 % of cells within 48 h. 800 μg/mL AL-(PNIPAM-PDMAEMA-PPEGMA) 2 @Ag@CPT demonstrated highly efficient antibacterial effects. All these results suggest its potential application value in synergistic antitumor and antibacterial treatment system.
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Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
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2024
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IF 3.5
Wang Shuainan,Sheng Hongliang,Zhao Xiaoben,He Tao,Huang Yajun,He Song
The present investigation involved the preparation of N-doped high-specific surface porous activated carbon from lignin through hydrothermal carbonization, polymer premixing, and KOH activation. We looked at how the characteristics of lignin-based activated carbon were affected by the addition of polypyrrole and the alkali ratio. The addition of polymer polypyrrole as an N dopant during the activation process with KOH resulted in the N-doped biomass-based activated carbon with a greater pore size range, specific surface area, and pore volume, while also further encouraging the pore creation. Under the optimal preparation conditions, specifically hydrothermal treatment at 473 K and activation at 1073 K for 1 h, with a mass ratio of activator to carbon precursor of 4:1, the resulting activated carbon exhibited the highest BET surface area of 3415 m 2 /g and a total pore volume of 2.81 cm 3 /g. The various characteristics of activated carbon are examined using N 2 adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental analysis (EA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Comparing this sample to other adsorbents, it was found that the material had a greater capacity for adsorbing gaseous benzene and NO. In static adsorption tests, the saturated adsorption of gaseous benzene reached 3338.75 and 2297.69 mg/g at 273 and 298 K, respectively, while the adsorption of NO reached 560.76 and 226.99 mg/g. Adsorption isotherms were used to analyze the experimental results, which were then fitted, examined, and assessed to look into the adsorption mechanism. The outcomes demonstrated the good adsorption performance of this sample as well as its promising and useful application potential in the removal of gaseous benzene and NO. Graphical
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BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
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2024
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IF 9.7
Jianli Zhang,Yutong Peng,Taoze Liu,Zhanghong Wang
In this study, papermaking black liquor lignin (ULG) was directly used to produce biochar through pyrolysis. It was found that ULG has a high ash content (15.38 %), primarily consisting of Na-related minerals. During pyrolysis, the ash can reduce the activation energy of ULG (by over 6 kJ/mol), promote the development of pore structures, and enhance the graphitization of the resulting biochar through self-catalyzation. Additionally, the Na-related minerals form abundant nanowhiskers on the surface of biochar during pyrolysis, mainly composed of Na 2 CO 3 and Na 3 PO 3 , achieving self-functionalization, particularly in biochar produced at 700 °C (ULG-700). In the adsorption process, these nanowhiskers on the surface of ULG-700 act as efficient active adsorption sites. The theoretical maximum adsorption capacity for Cd(II) and Zn(II) by ULG-700 at room temperature is 639.71 and 161.27 mg/g, respectively. This study suggests that ULG can be developed as a low-cost and high-efficient heavy metal adsorbent.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
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2024
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IF 5.8
Huiming Li,Yao Gui,Jianfa Li,Junhuan Zhang,Jinhong Lü
Hierarchically porous carbon (HPC) has shown to be advantageous over microporous carbon when applied as adsorbent of pollutants, but its preparation often involves sophisticated procedures. In this work, a lignin-derived HPC was produced simply by one-step pyrolysis in a mixed air/N 2 gas flow. The influence of treatment temperature and air ratio in gas flow on the porosity of HPC was investigated, and its hierarchical porosity was validated by analyses of pore size distribution, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The outperformance of HPC as adsorbent of organic pollutants was manifested by comparison with microporous carbon. Results showed that the most developed mesoporosity of HPC (mesopore surface area = 257 m 2 ∙g −1 ) was obtained at 700 °C and an air ratio of 30% (by volume) in gas flow. The adsorption experiment showed that the mesopores of HPC dominated adsorption to two antibiotic pollutants (sulfamethazine and ciprofloxacin) of relatively large molecular size, while micropores of HPC also contributed to adsorption of 4-chlorophenol, a smaller molecular organic. The developed mesoporosity of HPC was also favorable for fast adsorption rate according to the adsorption kinetics study. Overall, this research provides a novel and green method for development of efficient carbon adsorbent by a simple pyrolysis process.
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BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
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2024
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IF 5.8
Shiyun Xiao,Zhouxin Peng,Yuchen Wu,Baojia Li,Hualan Zhou,Xuesong Wang,Shengkang Wang
In this work, a novel RuCo bimetallic supported on N-doped carbon support containing alumina was prepared by in-situ pyrolysis using MOF-303 as the support precursor (Ru 3 Co 1 @CN-Al 2 O 3 ), and it was applied to the efficient hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol under mild conditions (0.01 MPa H 2 , 200 °C, 3h), the yield of cyclohexanol reaches an impressive 83.12 %. In the absence of external hydrogen (2 MPa N 2 , 220 °C, 2 h), complete conversion of guaiacol was achieved, along with a remarkable 97.81 % selectivity towards cyclohexanol. The HDO of guaiacol under different atmospheres was further studied, and the possible mechanism was proposed. Characterization results indicated that the supported metals (Ru and Co) not only interacted with the N in the MOF-303 to enhance catalyst stability but also that the synergistic effect between Ru and Co was key to promoting the high yield of cyclohexanol through catalytic transfer hydrodeoxygenation (CTHDO) in isopropanol. Additionally, Ru 3 Co 1 @CN-Al 2 O 3 was also effective in achieving the HDO of macromolecular lignin. This study provides a feasible approach for the high value-added green transformation of lignin and its derivatives under mild conditions, highlighting the significant potential of MOFs for lignin valorization.
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INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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2024
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IF 5.6
Zhen Huang,Penghao Sun,He Liu,Chunyu Ren,Xiangyu Lin,Minggui Shen,Zhaoshuang Li,Xu Xu
To obtain high-valued aromatic products, it is paramount to cleave the C α −C β bonds in lignin under mild conditions selectively. Nevertheless, this task remains daunting due to the formidable dissociation energies and steric hindrance associated with these bonds. Herein, a facile, efficient and cost-effective strategy for selectively breaking the C α −C β bond in lignin with visible-light irradiation and room temperature is proposed, facilitated by the utilization of the ferric-doped mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (Fe/mpg-CN) photocatalyst. Collective contributed by the reduced band gap and photoluminescence, combined with intensified visible-light absorption and enhanced photocurrent, the effectiveness in photocatalytic activity of Fe/mpg-CN is offered. Specifically, a high conversion rate (98 %) of the lignin model compound (2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol), coupled with an excellent selectivity of 98 % in cleaving the C α −C β bonds is achieved by Fe/mpg-CN. Photogenerated holes are indicated as the main active species through comprehensive mechanistic investigations. Additionally, the successful photocatalytic depolymerization of the complex dimer model compound (conversion rate ∼ 96 %) and pine kraft lignin further corroborate the satisfying photocatalytic activity and selectivity of Fe/mpg-CN. This study introduces a promising and viable strategy for the selective breaking of lignin through photocatalysis, offering significant implications for the sustainable production of valuable aromatic compounds.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2025
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IF 8.5
Chao Duan,Qiang Ma,Ruoteng Ma,Xiaoshuang Liu,Kang Yang,Xiaoran Nie,Yuan Chen
Janus hydrogels for human motion monitoring are thriving due to their conductivity, flexibility, anisotropy and self-adhesion, etc. However, most of them face challenges such as complex processes, interlayer detachment, and surface contamination, which degrade their sensing accuracy and sensitivity. Hence, this study proposes a facile strategy using the cellulose and lignin as building blocks to construct a Janus hydrogel for accurate and sensitive sensing. The proposed process involves sequential pouring and in-situ thermal-induced polymerization. Initially, the cellulose dissolved in ZnCl 2 solution, along with acrylic acid (Cel/ZnCl 2 -AA), forms the antifouling and conductive precursors in the top layer, while lignosulfonate and acrylamide (LS-AM) function as the adhesive precursor in the bottom layer. The viscosity difference of the two precursors allows local diffusion and polymerization at the interlayer interface, thereby developing a bilayer structure with strong interface bonds. Consequently, the Janus hydrogel exhibits high conductivity (1.2 S/m), excellent asymmetric adhesion, good stretchability (520 %) and compressive strain (∼70 %). These properties enable the hydrogel to accurately monitor both large (elbow and wrist bending) and small (swallowing and frowning) human movements with accurate sensitivity (gauge factor up to 2). This work offers new insight and synthesis strategy to design the bilayer hydrogels for practical applications in electronic skin and flexible sensing.
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