Processes
·
2025
·Vol. 13
·期 7
·2133
·
IF 2.8
Heng Yuan,Simin Zhang,Yuee Sun,Hao Gong,Shuai Wang,Jun Wang
Black garlic is a thermally processed product derived from fresh garlic through controlled high-temperature and -humidity conditions. During this process, the formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), a potentially harmful byproduct, is a major quality and safety concern in food processing. This study systematically investigated the distributions of 5-HMF and key process-related biochemical components in black garlic samples from three major production regions in China—Jiangsu, Yunnan, and Shandong. Additionally, correlations between 5-HMF and biochemical components—reducing sugars, amino acids, and organic acids—were analyzed to inform process optimization strategies. Results showed significant regional variation in 5-HMF content, with Jiangsu black garlic exhibiting the highest levels, followed by Yunnan and Shandong (p< 0.05). Partial least squares regression analysis (PLSR) indicated that the key biochemical factors regulating 5-HMF accumulation are primarily organic acids. Among them, citric acid was identified as the most important negative regulator (VIP = 3.11). Although acetic acid (VIP = 1.38) and malic acid (VIP = 1.03) showed positive correlations with 5-HMF, aspartic acid (VIP = 0.41) and fructose (VIP = 0.43) exhibited a weak positive correlation, and arginine (VIP = 0.89) showed weak negative correlations, their effects were far less significant than that of citric acid. Based on these findings, we propose a potential strategy for reducing 5-HMF content in black garlic—selecting raw material cultivars with higher endogenous citric acid levels or exploring the exogenous addition and regulation of citric acid during processing. This study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the accumulation mechanism of 5-HMF in black garlic and suggests new potential regulatory directions for controlling its content.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9
Yilei Fang,Mengyu Tang,Xu Wu,Jiajie Zhang,Qian Guan,Yinzhou Luo,Xin Yu,Ranwen Ou
Trace amount of Cr(VI) in water still threatens human health and ecology. Several reported amine-based adsorbents can remove trace Cr(VI) in acidic solutions of pH 2–5, but perform badly at neutral and alkaline conditions, which is insufficient for treating natural waters. Also, the chemical eluate leads to secondary pollution. Here, the amine-rich thermo-responsive poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (pDMAEMA) was selected based on its high pK a value and introduced into MOFs to produce pDMAEMA-DUT-5 for effective removal of trace Cr(VI) from natural waters. The composite with a polymer loading of 23.4 wt% achieved the highest adsorption capacity of 182.2 mg g −1 under an optimized condition, that is, at pH 3 and 25 °C. Besides, this material effectively reduced trace Cr(VI) content in natural waters from 100 to 1 μg L −1 by one filtration in a column. Its high selectivity was verified and further confirmed by the strong adsorption energy of Cr(VI) and −N(CH 3 ) 2 . Furthermore, the composite could be fully regenerated in 45 °C water within 10 min, concentrating Cr(VI) for 270 folds in one adsorption–desorption cycle and maintaining over 99 % performance after five cycles. It demonstrated excellent removal efficiency, high selectivity, and thermal regeneration stability. This work presents a simple strategy to design highly selective and reusable ion adsorbents for effective and sustainable removal or recovery of toxic and precious ions, while its thermal regeneration function largely simplifies further treatments.
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MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Jingce Bi,Qingfeng Zhan,Yujing Chen,Zhiqiang Liang,Ningning Liu,Xia Zhang,Zhuopeng Wang,Yide Han
At present, the construction of hierarchically porous ZSM-5 molecular sieves using only cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the template represents a major challenge in the field of molecular sieve synthesis. In this work, hierarchically porous ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized via a straightforward conventional static hydrothermal method, employing CTAB as the sole template agent derived from CTAB-encapsulated silica sphere precursors. By controlling the dissolution rate of silica spheres, the release rate of CTAB is regulated, enabling the synthesis of pure-phase hierarchical porous ZSM-5 zeolite. The influences of alkalinity, aging time, Si/Al ratio, CTAB content and addition method, and crystallization time on the construction of hierarchically porous ZSM-5 molecular sieves were examined. The experimental results indicate that the crystallization process in this system proceeds in the order: MFI → MFI + kenyaite → MFI + quartz. Additionally, by managing the crystallization process, we systematically examined the formation process of impurities and established the optimal conditions for synthesizing pure-phase hierarchically porous ZSM-5 molecular sieves in this system. Moreover, the as-prepared hierarchically porous ZSM-5 molecular sieves demonstrated enhanced selectivity towards light olefins in the MTP reaction.
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JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Ke Yang,Gang Wu,Bo Zhang,Liangyuan Jia,Huiyan Zhang
Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) is one of the most efficient methods for directly converting biomass into green aromatics. Although ZSM-5 catalyst is efficient at producing aromatics, the catalyst deactivation brings challenge to industrial applications. Constructing additional mesoporous structure in ZSM-5 catalyst can overcome this drawback. In this study, two solid wastes are used as raw materials to synthesize hierarchically porous ZSM-5 catalyst based on solvent-free method, aligning with the target of “green chemistry”. Comparing with the commercial ZSM-5 catalyst, the synthesized catalyst achieves a higher BTX yield (benzene, toluene, and xylene), with increases of approximately 44 %, 7 %, and 12 %, respectively. The mesopore-to-micropore volume ratio is a key factor in determining catalytic efficiency. Moreover, PI-MS is used to monitor the deactivation behavior of catalyst online during the CFP process, showing that the synthesized catalyst has a slower deactivation rate. The hierarchically porous structure plays a crucial role in slowing the transformation of oxygenated coke into graphite-like coke, which is a major contributor to catalyst deactivation. This work can provide a green and convenient method for producing hierarchically porous ZSM-5 catalyst and be useful for improving the selectivity of aromatic compounds, offering a promising alternative to conventional ZSM-5 catalyst in industrial applications.
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JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
·
2024
·
IF 5.6
Shu-Ting Hu,Yue-Lun Wang,Qing-Gang Wang,Han-Bing Gao,Wen-Jie Gu,Wei-Hua Zhao,Yun-Peng Zhao,Jing-Pei Cao,Lin-Jun Zhu
The introduction of in situ hydrogen donors to obtain a high H/C eff ratio is an effective way to upgrade coal pyrolysis volatiles to light aromatics. In this study, the influence of different in-situ hydrogen suppliers in catalytic reforming of coal pyrolysis vapors was explored. The abilities of active hydrogen donation were greatly corresponded to structures of hydrogen donors. Isopropanol showed the best catalytic performance due to the release of a large amount of active α-H as a result of negative inductive effect of hydroxyl. Whereas tertbutanol showed the poorest catalytic performance owing to the lack of α-H. Meanwhile, the effect of in-situ hydrogen production via steam reforming with different alcohols on light aromatic yields was investigated. The highest BTEXN yield was obtained under in-situ hydrogen production from isopropanol steam reforming. Two circumstances of hydrogen supply were further compared. Relatively higher BTEXN yield was presented in the reaction of methanol steam reforming than that of using methanol solely. However, higher BTEXN yield was contrarily obtained from sole isopropanol as a hydrogen donor despite lower H 2 production was gained compared to the case of isopropanol steam reforming. The fact was probably ascribed that high electron-withdrawing effect of hydroxyl for isopropanol promoted the cleavage of α-C-H bond and favored the transfer of active hydrogen to reactants over acid sites.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 9.7
Nengcui Zhang,Yimin Zhang,Feng Wu,Ziyan Liu,Xinyu Xu,Qiang Li,Yi Mei,Yun Zu
Phosphorus (P)-doping H-ZSM-5 zeolites, which is crucial for industrial applications, aim to adjust both acidity and framework stability while optimizing product distribution in heterogeneous catalysis. Nonetheless, current phosphating methods often suffer from inadequate phosphorus dispersion and unclear interfacial interactions with framework aluminum (Al). In this work, P-doping ZSM-5 zeolites were successfully one-step prepared by using tributylphosphine served as an organophosphorus precursor, assisting by density functional theory calculations. On account of this, a stable interface of tetracoordinated-phosphorus and framework Al was fabricated uniformly. Such an interfacial structure not only made more framework Al sit in the straight/sinusoidal channels, but also remodeled Brønsted acid sites and reinforced its acidity. Under comparable conditions, methanol-to-propylene (MTP) evaluations indicated that the high-silica PZ-75 zeolite catalyst displayed an appreciable catalytic lifetime (30 h) and a higher C 3 H 6 selectivity (52.4 %). Additionally, in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy further revealed that this exceptional MTP performance was attributable to the predominant olefinic pathway and lower hydrogen transfer ability. These results provide valuable information for cognizing phosphorus-zeolite chemistry and creating high-performance MTP catalytic materials.
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PubMed
高影响因子
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 4.952
Yu-Xi Liu,Yu-Ying Zhang,Jie Zheng,Jia-Nan Chen,Xu-Hui Huang,Xiu-Ping Dong,Bei-Wei Zhu,Lei Qin
Scallop is popular for its delicious taste and rich nutrition value. This study investigated the metabolomic changes in free amino acid (FAA), 5′-nucleotide, and lipid composition of scallops collected in different seasons. Results showed that the content of the FAA and 5′-nucleotide in summer was significantly higher than in other seasons. Adenosine 5′-monophosphate, glycine, and alanine were dominant from June to August. A total of 176 lipids, including 50 triacylglycerols (TAG), 60 phosphatidylcholines (PC), and 30 phosphatidylethanolamines (PE), were identified in the scallop adductor muscle. PC and PE were dominant from February to June, and TAG was dominant in November. The unsaturation degree of TAG was increased from July to November, and the highest proportion of polyunsaturated phospholipids appeared in August and September. Overall, scallops have high nutritional value in summer. This study is helpful for the development of scallop products with high nutrition and high value.
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Heliyon
·
2022
·
IF 3.776
Onyinyechi Lydia Ugorji,Ogochukwu Ngozi Chidimma Umeh,Chukwuma Obumneme Agubata,Dickson Adah,Nicholas Chinedu Obitte,Amarauche Chukwu
The formulation of niosomes is influenced by a number of variables, and these variables may eventually affect the formulation’s outcome. One of the elements that can influence the physico-chemical properties of niosomes is the method used in preparation of the formulation. In this study, we established if various methods of preparation have any impact on the prepared vesicles when loaded with 5-fluorouracil. Thereafter, a real-time cell assay (an in vitro cytotoxicity test) against HCT-116 colon cancer cell lines was done on an optimised batch. 5-fluorouracil loaded niosomes were prepared with either Tween 60 or Span 60 by four different methods - namely thin film hydration (TFH), reverse phase evaporation (RPE), evaporation/sonication (EVP/SON), and the ethanol injection method (EIM). In vitro evaluations were done on the formulations, and these included particle size analysis, entrapment efficiency, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photomicrography, drug release, polydispersity index, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of the preparation method and type of non-ionic surfactants on encapsulation efficiency, particle size, and in vitro drug release of the niosomes at pH 7.4 were evaluated. An in vitro cytotoxicity test (real time cell assay (RTCA)) against HCT-116 cells was carried out using the optimised formulation. Results showed physically stable formulations. The TFH method produced the smallest particle sizes (187 nm and 482 nm), while the EVP/SON method produced the largest particle sizes (4476 nm and 9111 nm). The Tween-based niosomes prepared by TFH or RPE had higher drug entrapment. The FTIR studies of niosomal formulations showed broad peaks at wavenumbers above 3000 cm −1 , indicating strong hydrogen bonds. The RTCA showed 5-fluorouracil-loaded niosomes caused more sustained cell death compared to the pure drug and blank niosomes. The methods of preparation affected the particle size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and the physical stability of the vesicles. The thin film hydration method was more robust in the entrapped 5-fluorouracil and showed lower particle sizes when compared to all the other methods. RTCA showed sustained cell death in real time.
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高影响因子
Royal Society Open Science
·
2018
·Vol. 5
·期 4
·
IF 2.504
Donglin He,Huiping Zhang,Ying Yan
Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts were prepared by chemical vapour deposition for catalytic wet peroxide oxidation (CWPO) of phenol in a fixed bed reactor. Firstly, Cu-ZSM-5 catalysts with Cu loading of 0.5, 2, and 6 wt% were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS). The characterization results demonstrated that CuO was uniformly dispersed on ZSM-5 with slight effect on the structure properties of the support. Then, several variables, such as the copper loading, reaction temperature, catalyst bed height and feed flow rate were investigated in the CWPO of phenol in aqueous solution at high concentration (1000 ppm). Compared with the catalyst prepared by the impregnation method, the Cu-ZSM-5 prepared by chemical vapour deposition has a better capacity of further oxidizing the intermediate organic products into carbon dioxide and water with less metal loading. Based on the Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst with Cu loading of 6 wt%, complete removal of phenol and a high TOC reduction (around 70%) have been achieved at the temperature of 80°C feed flow rate of 2 ml min−1 and catalyst bed height of 3 cm. Moreover, this catalyst maintained high catalytic activity after three runs with high phenol conversion (94%) under this optimum operating condition. Finally, the reaction mechanism was studied based on the intermediates detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2022
·
IF 3.119
Mengyang Guo,Ye Jiang,Yonghong Li,Yanyu Wei,Hanxi Li
The isobaric vapor–liquid equilibria (VLE) of two binary mixtures (adiponitrile + 2-methylglutaronitrile and adiponitrile + trans-3-pentenenitrile) at 5 and 10 kPa were measured using a modified Rose–Williams still. The thermodynamic consistency of the VLE data was tested by the Wisniak method and the Fredenslund method. The isobaric VLE data were correlated with four activity coefficient models of Margules, van Laar, Wilson, and NRTL, and the parameters of the models were obtained by the ordinary least-squares method. The isobaric VLE data were compared with the original UNIFAC predictive model. Furthermore, the excess Gibbs free energy of studied mixtures was determined. The RMST and RMSy1 were determined to evaluate the regression results. The results show that the Wilson model has a better correlation effect than other models.
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JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
·
2018
·
IF 3.146
Xueli Wang,Zhongneng Zhou,Yuankai Tang,Jinquan Chen,Dongping Zhong,Jianhua Xu
Methylated
cytosine is proved to have an important role as an epigenetic
signal in gene regulation and is often referred to “the fifth
base of DNA”. A comprehensive understanding of the electronic
excited state relaxation in cytosine and its methylated derivatives
is crucial for revealing UV-induced photodamage to the biological
genome. Because of the existence of multiple closely lying “bright”
and “dark” excited states, the decay pathways in these
DNA nucleosides are the most complex and the least understood so far.
In this study, femtosecond transient absorption with different excitation
wavelengths (240–296 nm) was used to study the relaxation of
excited electronic states of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 2′-deoxy-5-methylcytidine
(5mdCyd) in phosphate buffered aqueous solution and in acetonitrile
solution. Two distinct nonradiative decay channels were directly observed.
The first one is a several picosecond internal conversion channel
that involves two bright ππ* states (ππ*2 and ππ*1) when ππ*2 state is initially populated. The second channel contains
the lower energy ππ*1 state and a so far experimental
unidentified long-lived state which exhibits a several nanosecond
lifetime. The long-lived state can only be accessed by the initially
excited ππ*1 state. Inspired by this new discovery
in 5mC and 5mdCyd, we revisited the decay of excited state of 2′-deoxycytidine
(dCyd), revealing very similar decay pathways. Additionally, a well-known
dark nOπ* state (carbonyl lone pair) with ∼30
ps lifetime is present in both decay channels in dCyd. With our detailed
experimental results, we successfully reconcile the long history debate
of cytosine excited state relaxation mechanism by pointing out that
the reason for the complex dynamics under traditional 266 nm excitation
is mixed signals from the above-mentioned two distinct decay pathways.
Our findings lead to a dramatically different and new picture of electronic
energy relaxation in 5mdCyd/dCyd and could help to understand photostability
as well as UV-induced photodamage of these nucleotides and related
DNAs.
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2022
·
IF 4.326
Jun Xiao,Mengmeng Wang,Yaru Wang,Xunxun Li,Jiaqin He,Yunchong Liu,Qingfeng Xu,Hua Li,Najun Li,Dongyun Chen,Jianmei Lu
Catalytic oxidation is one of the most promising methods to remove toluene; manganese-cerium catalysts have high activity in the catalytic oxidation of toluene. Herein, nano-sized ZSM-5 was synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method, and catalysts with different Mn and Ce contents were prepared via alcohol-induced redox precipitation at room temperature. In addition, zeolite provides sufficient surface area for the dispersion of manganese cerium catalysts and plays a role in concentration and enrichment in the catalytic conversion of toluene. Based on the experimental characterization results, the 20Ce/M1Z1 catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity, achieving 90% toluene conversion at 215 °C. Moreover, the catalyst still has excellent catalytic activity in humid environments. This work provides a new strategy to expose more active sites and enhance toluene adsorption, which provides a reference for the development of more efficient catalysts in the future.
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