COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY C-TOXICOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 4.4
Ya Liu,Jingjing Miao,Hui Fu,Yuxin Wen,Luqing Pan
Chlorothalonil is a widely used organochlorine fungicide frequently detected in aquatic ecosystems, yet its mechanisms of developmental toxicity in fish remain incompletely understood. This study employed an integrated phenotype-to-mechanism approach in zebrafish embryos to assess the acute and developmental toxicity of chlorothalonil and elucidate potential molecular pathways. The 96-hour median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) was determined to be 89.5 μg/L. Exposure to concentrations below the acute lethal threshold (20–80 μg/L) resulted in significant developmental impairments, including reduced heart rate and body length, along with increased incidences of pericardial edema, tail malformation, and scoliosis. Transcriptomic analysis of embryos exposed to 50 μg/L chlorothalonil at 24 h post-fertilization revealed coordinated upregulation of xenobiotic metabolism genes and dysregulation of genes essential for cardiac and skeletal development, notably the thyroid hormone receptor gene thrab . Subsequent functional analysis using a zebrafish-specific thyroid hormone receptor (TR) yeast two-hybrid assay demonstrated that chlorothalonil acts as a direct antagonist of both TRα and TRβ, dose-dependently inhibiting triiodothyronine (T3)-induced receptor activation. These findings establish disruption of thyroid hormone signaling as a key mechanistic pathway for chlorothalonil-induced developmental malformations, enhancing the mechanistic understanding of its risk to early-stage development of teleosts.
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JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL
·
2026
·
IF 1.7
Hao Huihui,Wu Mengke,Zhao Xiaolei,Li Jianjun,He Jinxing
BackgroundAflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is widespread in various kinds of food and poses a serious threat to health when it enters the human body via the food chain.ObjectiveThis study aimed to establish a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of AFB1 and then combine it with HPLC for the quantitative analysis of AFB1 content.MethodsIn this work, hydrothermal and sol–gel methods were employed to prepare aminated magnetic nanoparticles featuring strong magnetism and excellent dispersion. Magnetic nanoparticles bound with antibodies can specifically capture AFB1 and then be combined with HPLC for the quantitative analysis of AFB1 content. Moreover, the key factors influencing the extraction efficiency, such as buffer type, adsorption time, elution time and volume, were optimized.ResultsThe samples were spiked with AFB1 at low, medium, and high concentration levels of 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 μg/kg, respectively. The established method exhibits good linearity within the range of 0.1–100 µg/kg, and the detection limit is as low as 0.09 µg/kg (S/N = 3). The recoveries in real samples ranged from 79.33 to 111.51%, with all RSDs being less than 11.16% (n = 3 for each level).ConclusionIn conclusion, a rapid and efficient analytical method for detecting AFB1 in corn, peanut, and oat based on functionalized immunomagnetic beads (IMBs) coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC–FLD) have been successfully developed. The method exhibited excellent sensitivity, featuring a low method detection limit of 0.09 μg/kg, high accuracy, and remarkable precision. In comparison to traditional sample preparation techniques, this IMB-based approach presents substantial advantages in terms of simplicity, rapidity (completing sample processing within approximately 30 min), and cost-effectiveness.HighlightsThe IMBs possess excellent magnetic separation capabilities, which effectively streamlines the pre-processing steps.
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WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION
·
2026
·Vol. 237
·期 12
·730
·
IF 3.5
Feng Xiao-qiang,Hou Jing-wen,Dong Xiao-ning,Li Xiao-fang
The present work constructs a novel Ag₂S/CN composite photocatalyst via in-situ hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic performance of the obtained Ag₂S/CN composite was meticulously evaluated through the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiation. Compared to pure CN and Ag₂S, the Ag₂S/CN composite exhibited significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance. Specifically, the optimal Ag₂S/CN (0.4) sample achieved activities that were 70 and 5 times higher than those of Ag₂S and CN, respectively. This remarkable enhancement can be attributed to the reduced band gap and expanded light absorption range of CN when combined with Ag₂S. Additionally, the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of Ag 0 nanoparticles generated during photodegradation further improves photocatalytic performance by facilitating the separation of photogenerated carriers. Based on photoelectrochemical properties and active species trapping experiments, a plausible mechanism involving hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and superoxide radicals (·O₂⁻) is proposed. The combination of wide-bandgap and narrow-bandgap semiconductors offers a promising strategy for developing efficient photocatalysts for wastewater treatment.
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ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY
·
2026
·Vol. 208
·期 6
·286
·
IF 3.4
Bi Yinli,Wang Kun,Ma Shaopeng,Zhou Yang,He Yong
Agricultural crop yields are limited by soil nutrient status and crop nutrient utilization efficiency. Both intercropping and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization can increase plant nutrient utilization and crop yields. However, although common mycorrhizal networks have been widely studied, the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in mediating nutrient transfer within networks formed between intercropped plants, and the consequences for the component crops, remain insufficiently resolved. We hypothesized that CMN-mediated P redistribution between intercropped maize ( Zea mays L.) and soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is governed by plant P demand (sink strength), and that the direction and magnitude of P transfer shift under contrasting soil P supply. Here, we combined a five-chamber root device with multi-wavelength quantum-dot P labeling to directly trace CMN-mediated P transfer in a maize–soybean intercropping system. A maize–soybean intercropping system was established in a greenhouse under two phosphorus supply levels (low P, 20 mg kg⁻¹ Olsen-P; high P, 100 mg kg⁻¹ Olsen-P) to investigate P allocation within plant–mycorrhiza associations and mycorrhizal networks. Plant physiological traits (photosynthetic parameters and biomass), root traits, and rhizosphere enzyme activities were simultaneously quantified to link CMN-mediated P transfer with plant performance and soil P cycling. In low-phosphorus conditions, inoculation with Diversispora epigaea significantly improved maize physiological in-dices but had no significant effect on soybean, and facilitated net phosphorus (P) transfer from soybean to maize through the common mycorrhizal network (CMN). Under high-phosphorus conditions, inoculation markedly enhanced soybean physiological indices, inhibited maize growth, and redirected P transfer from maize to soybean via the CMN. Overall, mycorrhizal inoculation increased the total P flux within the maize–soybean intercropping system, and the direction of inter-plant P exchange was regulated by the fungal mycelial network in response to contrasting soil P supply, which altered host P demand.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 12.5
Liya Yang,Na Yin,Tongge Wang,Ruilin Chao,Qiang Yang,Yifei Gao,Shenyao Jin,Yiman Chen,Jian Li,Ling Guo,Min Feng
Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome caused by dysregulated host responses to bacterial infection. Persistence of intracellular bacteria within macrophages sustains excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, disrupts redox homeostasis and amplifies inflammatory cascades that accelerate disease progression. Here, we developed an in situ arming strategy that generated potent antibacterial effectors by programming neutrophil extracellular traps with redox-modulating liposomes (SUPER-NETs) for targeted sepsis treatment. SUPER-NETs are formed in vivo through neutrophil hijacking and co-migration to infection sites, and subsequent functionalization of expelled NETs. Notably, SUPER-NETs established a neutrophil–macrophage bridging interaction that enabled precise and efficient elimination of intracellular bacteria. In parallel, SUPER-NETs alleviated macrophage oxidative stress and dampened cytokine storm by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. In a severe murine sepsis model, systemic administration of SUPER-NETs conferred superior antibacterial efficacy, attenuated multi-organ injury, and significantly improved survival. Therefore, this in situ arming strategy of SUPER-NETs offers a promising therapeutic paradigm for sepsis by precisely eliminating intracellular bacteria and orchestrating macrophage redox homeostasis, with potential implications for the treatment of sepsis and other severe infectious diseases.
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JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS
·
2026
·
IF 6
Tiehuai Li,Hongming Xu,Ernest P. Delmo,Juhee Jang,Fei Sun,Cunpu Li,Zidong Wei,Minhua Shao
Copper-based electrocatalysts have garnered significant attention for their unique ability produce C 2+ products at industrial-level current densities in the electrochemical conversion of the CO 2 process. Maintaining a sufficient amount of Cu + species on the catalyst surface during the reaction is crucial for the efficient and stable reaction. Here, we develop Cu 2 O hollow networks that could maintain the morphology and surface Cu + sites during the reaction, showing excellent selectivity (81.7% at a partial current density of 266 mA cm −2 ) and stability toward C 2+ product generation in a flow cell. The strategies presented in this work provide valuable guidance for designing high-performance cuprous oxide electrocatalysts targeting C 2+ products.
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IMMUNOBIOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 3.1
Yingying Yang,Yuanqiu Zhong,Fanghua Liu,Shougang Liu,Yongfeng Chen
Here, we investigated the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2) in psoriasis pathogenesis, focusing on its regulation of the stimulator of interferon genes–signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STING–STAT3)-autophagy axis. Using cellular and imiquimod-induced mouse models, we assessed PTPN2 expression and function using multiple techniques, including immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, and Western blotting. A significant downregulation of PTPN2 expression was observed in psoriatic tissues. We established that PTPN2 directly interacts with STING and regulates its phosphorylation, with direct evidence from catalytic-dead PTPN2 mutant experiments showing that PTPN2's dephosphorylation of STING is activity-dependent. PTPN2 overexpression curbed keratinocyte proliferation, stimulated apoptosis and autophagy, and reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL) 23 subunit alpha (A), and IL-17A. The application of a STING agonist mitigated these effects, whereas STAT3 inhibition restored them. PTPN2 overexpression attenuated psoriatic pathology, and this therapeutic benefit was further enhanced by co-administering the autophagy inducer rapamycin. Collectively, our results delineate a novel mechanism by which PTPN2 alleviates psoriasis-like pathology in keratinocytes by targeting the STING–STAT3 pathway and promoting autophagy and apoptosis. These findings indicate that PTPN2 is a potential therapeutic target, with in vivo validation supporting its translational relevance.
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Li Fan,Guo Jinke,Hasan Sakib,Chen Qiang,Chen Zhuoming,Xin Binjie,Wu Yu
Developing wearable textiles that integrate efficient
thermal insulation,
active heating, and directional moisture-wicking remains a significant
challenge for protection in extreme environments. Herein, we develop
a facile, scalable monolithic Janus carbon nanofiber aerogel (PPy@CNFA)
via a one-step single-sided in situ polymerization of polypyrrole
(PPy) on a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected carbon nanofiber
aerogel skeleton. Unlike conventional bilayer Janus materials that
are plagued by interfacial delamination, pore clogging, and inherent
performance trade-offs, this strategy enables selective deposition
of PPy particles on the fiber surface, establishing a continuous wettability
gradient along the material thickness direction without disrupting
its inherently high-porosity interconnected network. The optimized
aerogel carbonized at 1000 ° C exhibits an ultralow thermal conductivity
of 28.41 mW m –1 K –1 , serving as
a reliable passive thermal barrier against extreme cold/heat environments.
Meanwhile, the synergistic light-harvesting capacity and continuous
conductive pathways from the graphitized carbon network and PPy particles
endow the material with efficient dual-mode active heating performance,
reaching steady-state temperatures of 89 ° C under 1 sun illumination
and 71 ° C at a safe 5 V driving voltage. Furthermore, the monolithic
aerogel simultaneously achieves efficient unidirectional moisture
transport for sweat management, excellent compressive resilience,
high air permeability, and short-term flame resistance under direct
flame exposure without molten dripping. This work provides a facile,
scalable platform for the design of multifunctional integrated Janus
materials, showing great application potential for next-generation
smart protective clothing in extreme environments.
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ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
·
2026
·
IF 10.4
Rao Fang,Tang Ming-xin,Yang Hang,Wang Tian-hai,Zhou Chun-yi,Xiao Cheng
Chronic neuropathic pain is sustained by nerve injury-induced central sensitization and is characterized by both sensory and affective manifestations. However, its underlying neural circuit mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Here, we revealed that CaMKII-expressing neurons in the parasubthalamic nucleus (PSTN) were recruited and exhibited hyperactivity in a neuropathic pain mouse model, established via spared nerve injury of the sciatic nerve (SNI). Optogenetic and chemogenetic inhibition of PSTN CaMKII neurons alleviated hyperalgesia and induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in SNI mice, without altering pain thresholds in sham mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that PSTN neurons received monosynaptic glutamatergic inputs from tachykinin precursor 1 (Tac1)-expressing neurons in the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB), and were excited by glutamate and substance P (SP) co-released from this projection. Inhibition of the LPB–PSTN projection recapitulated the analgesic and CPP-inducing effects of direct inhibition of PSTN neurons in SNI mice. Notably, these therapeutic effects were mimicked by local administration of a neurokinin receptor 1 (NK1R) antagonist, but were reversed by intra-PSTN injection of SP. Together, this study not only establishes the involvement of the LPB–PSTN circuit and local NK1R in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain but also demonstrates their promise as therapeutic targets.
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Insect Science
·
2026
·
IF 3.7
Honglei He,Feng Lan,Bei Zhang,Tianzi Gu,Jianyang Bai,Qing-He Zhang,Jacob D. Wickham,Longwa Zhang
The olfactory system is pivotal for insects to detect external chemical signals and regulate essential life processes. Dendroctonus valens , an invasive forest pest, displays strong chemotaxis toward the plant kairomone (+)-3-carene. To unravel the molecular mechanism underlying olfactory recognition, we identified 28 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) from D. valens via transcriptome sequencing and identified DvalOBP6 and DvalOBP18 as potential key candidates for this host kairomone component using qRT-PCR. Tissue expression analysis revealed that these two Minus-C OBPs are predominantly expressed in olfactory-related tissues (antennae, legs, and wings) with distinct sexual dimorphism. Homology modeling and molecular docking showed that both proteins adopt a typical six- α -helix fold, and bind (+)-3-carene primarily via hydrophobic interactions with binding energies of −5.53 kcal/mol and −4.96 kcal/mol, respectively. RNA interference of DvalOBP6 or DvalOBP18 significantly abolished the olfactory preference of D. valens adults for (+)-3-carene. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that DvalOBP6 and DvalOBP18 play critical roles in (+)-3-carene perception, providing a theoretical basis for the development of green pest control technologies targeting insect olfactory communication.
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ACS ES&T Water
·
2026
·Vol. 6
·期 8
·5314-5323
·
IF 4.5
Yang Peizeng,Chen Jie,Ruan Jingqi,Wu Kai,Lu Junhe,Kong Deyang
Nitrite
(NO 2 – ) is a key intermediate
in nitrogen cycling, yet its abiotic fate in frozen environments remains
insufficiently understood, particularly its conversion to organic
nitrogen. Here, we demonstrate that freezing dramatically accelerates
NO 2 – oxidation and promotes its incorporation
into natural organic matter (NOM), forming hazardous nitroaromatic
compounds. At −20 ° C and pH 4.0, nitrite removal exceeded
85% within 24 h, compared to negligible loss in liquid water. Confocal
Raman and fluorescence imaging revealed strong enrichment of NO 2 – and NOM within quasi-liquid grain boundaries,
accompanied by a localized pH drop from 4.0 to ∼1.2. These
microenvironments favor the formation of reactive nitrogen species
(HNO 2 and NO + ), which nitrate electro-rich moieties
in NOM and initiate oxidative coupling reactions. Fourier transform
ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) identified a
marked increase in nitrogen-containing formulas (from 1290 to 1440)
and higher average molecular weight ( M n ) of NOM (from 369.191 to 382.594 Da). Phenol served
as a model substrate, confirming nitration and oligomerization pathways.
These findings demonstrate that freeze-concentration effect induced
acidification and nitrite speciation change act as significant drivers
for the molecular-level transformation of NOM in ice, providing new
insights into nitrogen geochemical cycling, nitroaromatic pollutants
formation, and ecological risk in cryosphere and seasonally frozen
waters under climate change.
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Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy
·
2026
·
IF 6.7
Zheng-Feng Zhang,Jia-Yi Shao,Hui-Ting Li,Xiao-Hui Yao,Wei-Guo Zhao,Xin Chen,Dong-Yang Zhang
Mass transfer limitations severely constrain the catalytic efficiency of immobilized enzymes. This study presents a bubble-enhanced micromixing strategy utilizing a covalent organic framework (COF) co-encapsulating β-glucosidase and MnO 2 nanozymes. MnO 2 catalyzes H 2 O 2 decomposition to generate oxygen microbubbles, inducing localized microconvection that disrupts diffusion boundary layers without external energy input. The E-MnO 2 @COF system with 5% H 2 O 2 achieved 98.31% of the free enzyme activity, markedly surpassing the catalytic activities of static E@COF (17.97%) and magnetically stirred controls (90.28%). Kinetic analysis revealed substantially reduced apparent K m and elevated V max , confirming enhanced substrate affinity and active site accessibility. The composite retained 76.25% of its initial activity after 10 cycles and exhibited notable solvent tolerance. This approach offers an efficient, sustainable solution for overcoming diffusion constraints in heterogeneous biocatalysis.
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