ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2014
·
IF 5.9
Wangen Zhao,Gang Wang,Qingwen Tian,Yanchun Yang,Lijian Huang,Daocheng Pan
Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 semiconductor is a promising absorber layer material in thin film solar cells due to its own virtues. In this work, high quality Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin films have been successfully fabricated by an ethanol-based sol–gel approach. Different from those conventional sol–gel approaches, SnS2 was used as the tin source to replace the most commonly used SnCl2 in order to avoid the possible chlorine contamination. In addition, sodium was found to improve the short-circuit current and fill factor rather than the open-circuit voltage due to the decrease of the thickness of small-grained layer. The selenized Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin films showed large densely packed grains and smooth surface morphology, and a power conversion efficiency of 6.52% has been realized for Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 thin film solar cell without antireflective coating.
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ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY
·
2014
·
IF 2.966
Chuan-Yang Shang,Wei-Xun Li,Rui-Feng Zhang
ZnO nanowires were successfully introduced into a macroporous SiO 2 by in situ hydrothermal growth in 3D pores. The obtained composites were characterized by SEM and XRD, and used as supports to immobilize Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) through adsorption. The high specific surface area (233 m 2 /g) and strong electrostatic interaction resulted that the average loading amount of the composite supports (196.8 mg/g) was 3–4 times of that of macroporous SiO 2 and approximate to that of a silica-based mesoporous material. Both adsorption capacity and the activity of the CALB immobilized on the composite supports almost kept unchanged as the samples were soaked in buffer solution for 48 h. The chiral resolution of 2-octanol was catalyzed by immobilized CALB. A maximum molar conversion of 49.1% was achieved with 99% enantiomeric excess of ( R )-2-octanol acetate under the optimal condition: a reaction using 1.0 mol/L ( R , S )-2-octanol, 2.0 mol/L vinyl acetate and 4.0 wt.% water content at 60 °C for 8 h. After fifteen recycles the immobilized lipase could retain 96.9% of relative activity and 93.8% of relative enantioselectivity .
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Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2015
·Vol. 3
·期 39
·10114-10120
·
IF 4.696
Zhenyang Liu,Aiwei Tang,Miao Wang,Chunhe Yang,Feng Teng
A simple heating-up colloidal approach has been developed to synthesize quaternary Cu–In–Zn–S (CIZS) nanocystals with different emission colors, which can be tuned by varying the Cu : In : Zn precursor ratios. The as-obtained products have a quasi-triangular shape with a small size distribution, and their crystal phase can be varied from cubic zinc-blende to hexagonal wurtzite structure with an increase of Cu stoichiometry. The inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) results reveal that the as-obtained CIZS nanocrystals are Cu-deficient, and the Cu-vacancies have a significant effect on their optical properties. Moreover, the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the CIZS nanocrystals recorded at different growth periods indicate that the partial cation exchange of Cu+ and In3+ with Zn2+ takes charge of the growth process. After coating a ZnS shell over the CIZS nanocrystals, the PL quantum yield (PLQY) is improved greatly and a blue-shift of the PL peak is observed as compared to that of plain CIZS nanocrystals. More interestingly, the highly luminescent CIZS/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals with different colors have been incorporated into poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) to be fabricated on an engraved “BJTU” glass substrate, and the as-obtained PDMS membranes exhibit a bright emission under UV light, which also show good stability when they are bent arbitrarily or immersed in water. This heating-up method has also been extended to the preparation of five-component Cu–Ag–In–Zn–S and Cu–Mn–In–Zn–S nanocrystals, which possess a cubic zinc-blende crystal structure and have bright luminescence. Our work may shed light on the synthesis of multi-component semiconductor nanocrystals.
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Energies
·
2013
·Vol. 6
·期 7
·3466-3480
·
IF 1.844
Haibo Tan,Shengping Wang,Du Tao,Zhigao Yang
A novel technique to prepare carbon/sulfur composites as cathode materials for Li/S batteries is proposed, which we call the ‘solution evaporation concentration crystallization’ method. Three composites with different S loadings were prepared, subject to two different solvent evaporation rates from acetylene black (AB)/sulfur in carbon disulfide solutions. X-ray diffraction, environmental scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements all show that the porous AB structure is well-filled with S. Composites prepared at a lower solvent evaporation rate with 50 wt % S content, had good electrochemical properties, with 1609.67 mAh g−1in the initial cycle and 1115.69 mAh g−1after 100 cycles. Composites with better dispersibility at a low solvent evaporation rate can effectively prevent polysulfide from dissolving in the electrolyte, and serve to stabilize the structure of the S cathode during the charge-discharge process.Keywords:sulfur/carbon composites;solution evaporation concentration crystallization method;lithium sulfur batteries
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HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
·
2014
·
IF 1.09
Yuxuan Zhang,Qing Zhang,Songhao Pei,Yongpeng Wang,Haibo Zhang,Zhenhua Jiang
To improve the stability of photoinduced birefringence, a series of azobenzene-functionalized poly(ether sulfone)s (azo-PES) with high glass transition temperature (Tg) were successfully synthesized via Ullmann coupling between PES with bromine side groups and azo compound 4-((4-methoxyphenyl)diazenyl)phenol. Their chemical structures and properties were characterized by means of ultraviolet–visible and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. The results of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis suggested that the polymers had high Tgs and good thermal stability. Upon irradiation with a 532 nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser beam, these azo polymers presented large photoinduced birefringence with a remnant value up to 94%, indicating good stability of the photoinduced orientation. Furthermore, multiple writing/erasing experiments indicate that the azo polymers have potential applications in reversible optical storage.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2017
·
IF 3.582
Xiu Qin Wang,Chen Xiao Lin,Qiu Gen Zhang,Ai Mei Zhu,Qing Lin Liu
Facile synthesis of poly (ether sulfone)-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) bearing flexible pendent quaternary ammonium (QA) groups for fuel cells is reported. (2,3-Epoxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (EPTMAC) is directly grafted onto the hydroxyl-bearing poly (ether sulfone) (PES) backbone via one-step ring-opening reaction to introduce ion conductive moieties. This scheme is more straightforward than the conventional two-step functionalization approach via chloromethylation or radical-initiated bromination and Menshutkin reactions . This method can be used to control the degree of functionalization of QA-containing PES easily. 2D nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) shows that QA groups aggregate and self-assemble in the functionalized-PES solutions which are in favor of fabricating a membrane with phase separation morphology, as well as confirmed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). These resulting AEMs exhibit reasonable hydroxide conductivity, low water uptake, high power density, and desirable durability in a single fuel cell. This suggests that they are good candidates for fuel cells.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2016
·
IF 3.014
Sizhao Zhang,Feng Ding,Xuegang Luo,Xiaoyan Lin
Hierarchical Mo-doped S/BiOCl (MSB) heterostructures were successfully prepared by a facile one-step reflux method. The resulting samples were evaluated by XRD , SEM, TEM , DRS and XPS . The results obtained showed that MSB possessed an outstanding photo and/or thermocatalytic performance under near room-temperature for removal of methylene blue (MB), reaching up to 99.9 and 96.5% for photo/thermocatalytic degradation (PTD) and thermocatalytic degradation (TD), respectively. The hole/radical scavenger tests indicated holes and free radial were both participated in PTD and TD reactions, but the holes formed from degradation reactions were strongly considered as the most influential impact on conducting PTD and TD patterns rather than free radicals. Furthermore, the kinetics regarding PTD and TD routes were also monitored, preferentially fitting to Langmuir–Hinshelwood behavior. Briefly, this study may provide new insights into fabricating hierarchical heterostructures by in-suit one-step approach for decontamination of organic pollutants separately using PTD or TD.
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LUMINESCENCE
·
2016
·Vol. 32
·期 3
·277-284
·
IF 1.452
Jianqiu Chen,Juan Shu,Jiao Chen,Zhiran Cao,An Xiao,Zhengyu Yan
S,N co-doped carbon quantum dots (N,S-CQDs) with super high quantum yield (79%) were prepared by the hydrothermal method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence, UV–Vis spectroscopy and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. N,S-CQDs can enhance the chemiluminescence intensity of a luminol–H 2 O 2 system. The possible mechanism of the luminol–H 2 O 2 –(N,S-CQDs) was illustrated by using chemiluminescence, photoluminescence and ultraviolet analysis. Ranitidine can quench the chemiluminescence intensity of a luminol–H 2 O 2 –N,S-CQDs system. So, a novel flow-injection chemiluminescence method was designed to determine ranitidine within a linear range of 0.5–50 μg ml −1 and a detection limit of 0.12 μg ml −1 . The method shows promising application prospects.
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HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
·
2016
·
IF 1.045
Bei Liu,Zheng Chen,Liming Lin,Yuntao Han,Jinhui Pang,Zhenhua Jiang
3,6-Diphenyl-9H-carbazole pendants are grafted herein to poly(arylene ether ketone)s (PAEKs) via the Ullmann C–N coupling reaction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that PAEKs containing a carbazole pendant (Cz) have been synthesized through the Ullmann C–N coupling reaction. The high molecular weights of PAEK-Cz (PAEKs with 3,6-diphenyl-9H-carbazole pendants) are inherited from their precursors, owing to the high reactivity of their monomers. The obtained PAEK-Cz-x polymers exhibit good solubility in most common organic solvents and excellent thermal stabilities, with the 5% weight loss temperatures for all products being above 598°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The glass transition temperatures are all above 199°C and can be controlled by adjusting the feed ratio of monomers. The polymer membranes obtained by the casting method are tough and thus have strong potential for practical applications.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2016
·Vol. 28
·期 1
·949-957
·
IF 1.798
Qiu Qingchao,Yang Weihua,Zhan Yangfan,Wang Hao
The development of non-noble metal catalysts is of great interest due to their significant potential application in both fuel cell system and metal-air batteries, particularly when considering long term commercial deployment. Fe/N/C is a promising non-Pt electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), but its catalytic activity is considerably inferior to that of Pt in acidic medium. In this paper, an improved Fe/N/S/C catalyst (denoted as Fe–N–S/C) is presented. Nitrogen-sulfur-iron-doped porous carbon material is synthesized by the pyrolysis of dicyandiamide, a kind of abundant and inexpensive compound, with thiourea as additional sulfur source in argon atmosphere. The Fe–N–S/C shows excellent performance for the ORR with the onset and half-wave potential at 0.89 and 0.78 V (vs.RHE) in 0.1 M H 2 SO 4 solution, respectively, which are significantly higher compared to those of the catalysts derived from only dicyandiamide (0.85 and 0.75 V). Our results indicate that as compared to the commercial 20 % Pt/C catalyst, the synthesized catalyst exhibits not only higher current density and long-term durability but also higher tolerance to methanol poisoning. More importantly, the synthetic method is simple and inexpensive.
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SOLAR ENERGY
·
2017
·
IF 4.018
Yingli Pei,Jing Guo,Dongxing Kou,Wenhui Zhou,Zhengji Zhou,Qingwen Tian,Yuena Meng,Sixin Wu
The doping of indium into absorber layer has been proven to be beneficial for hybrid buffer structured Cu 2 ZnSn(S, Se) 4 (CZTSSe) solar cells, but it is difficult to precisely control the doping content only relying on In diffusion from In 2 S 3 emitter. Herein, we use the solution method to prepare In-substituted CZTSSe layer by directly doping In 2 Se 3 into metal chalcogenides precursor solution. The doping content can be precisely controlled and the influences of indium doping on cell performance are systematically discussed. Mott-Schottky and resistivity measurements indicate that the carrier concentration and charge transport process are monotonically enhanced with increasing In/(In + Sn) content (0 at.%, 3 at.%, 6 at.% and 12 at.%). The improvements of series resistance also lead to a monotonic increase of fill factor ( FF ) from 52.1% to 64.8%. Due to the larger recombination at high doping content, the 6 at.% In content device finally contributes the highest power conversion efficiency of 8.47%. It is expected that a precisely controlled indium doping could further improve cell performance for efficient hybrid buffer structured devices.
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MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
·
2017
·Vol. 38
·期 5
·1600745
·
IF 4.265
Wei Yuan,Weiwen Chi,Ruimin Liu,Hongkun Li,Yongfang Li,Ben Zhong Tang
Two soluble poly(phenyltriazolylcarboxylate)s (PPTCs) with high molecular weights ( M w up to 26 800) are synthesized by the metal-free 1,3-dipolar polycycloadditions of 4,4′-isopropylidenediphenyl diphenylpropiolate ( 1 ) and tetraphenylethene-containing diazides ( 2 ) in dimethylformamide at 150 °C for 12 h in high yields (up to 93%). The resultant polymers are soluble in common organic solvents and are thermally stable with 5% weight loss temperatures higher than 375 °C. The PPTCs are nonemissive in solutions, but become highly luminescent upon aggregation, showing a phenomenon of aggregation-induced emission. Their aggregates can be used as fluorescent chemosensors for high-sensitivity detection of explosives.
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