ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2026
·
IF 7.3
Lei Dai,Muyang Li,Minghui Chang,Yu Yin,Shi Li,Ke Tian,Pengfei Wang,Yichun Liu
This work presents a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) fiber-optic sensor functionalized with a glutaraldehyde (GA) cross-linked polyethylenimine (PEI) film for the ultrasensitive detection of copper ions (Cu2+) in aqueous environments. The sensing structure, based on a single-mode─graded-index multimode─tapered no-core─single-mode (SGTS) fiber configuration, leverages enhanced intermodal interference and evanescent field coupling to amplify the refractive index response induced by Cu2+-PEI coordination. Cross-linking PEI with GA not only stabilizes the polymeric layer but also improves its selectivity and adsorption affinity for Cu2+. Experimental results show a linear sensitivity of 0.0517 nm/nM in the low-concentration regime (0–100 nM), with a detection limit of 0.696 nM and a maximum detection concentration of 50 μM. The sensing mechanism is further validated by an extended Langmuir adsorption model, providing quantitative insight into the binding dynamics between Cu2+ and the functionalized surface. The sensor exhibits rapid response (20–110 s), excellent reproducibility (<5% variation across 10 devices), long-term stability, and strong specificity against interfering ions. Real wastewater analysis demonstrates close agreement with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), underscoring its practical utility. Owing to its simple fabrication, compact design, and high sensitivity, the proposed GA-PEI functionalized SGTS sensor offers a promising platform for real-time heavy-metal monitoring in environmental and biomedical applications.
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
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2026
·
IF 3.9
Yuang Ma,Yihui Zhang,Huixia Ma,Yaolan Yang,Wenhua Zhou,Wentao Jin,Chao Chen,Jianghao Wang,Bolong Li,Huiping Ji,Feng Zhou,Kai Qiao,Zhenyu Zhang,Haoan Fan,Jie Fu
The high production cost and inherent instability of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) present major bottlenecks for the scalable synthesis of 5-methoxymethylfurfural (MMF), a promising biobased fuel additive and platform chemical. To address this, we propose a novel and cost-effective one-pot strategy that incorporates quaternary ammonium salts as stabilizers within a dimethyl carbonate (DMC)−methanol solvent system catalyzed by Amberlyst-15. This approach effectively suppresses the degradation of the HMF intermediate during the tandem conversion of fructose, achieving an MMF yield of 77.2% under the optimized conditions. Mechanistic investigations by Fourier transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirm that the quaternary ammonium stabilizers coordinate with the hydroxyl and aldehyde groups of HMF through electrostatic interactions, thereby shielding it from hydration and enhancing etherification selectivity. Thus, it achieves the necessary intermediate stabilization without the economic and separation penalties of conventional DMSO or ionic liquid systems, providing a practical foundation for developing an economically viable route to MMF production.
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Chen Xu,Jianjun He,Ye Cao,Xiang Wang,Yijie Yang,Huie Zhu
The performance of electron beam lithography (EBL) is highly dependent on the resist material, and the behavior of main-chain scission (MCS) resists such as PMMA is strongly influenced by the molecular weight and polydispersity index (PDI). To systematically investigate these factors, a series of PMMA resists with precisely controlled molecular weight and PDI were synthesized via RAFT polymerization, and broad-distribution samples were obtained through blending. Results show that soft-bake temperature significantly affects pattern fidelity and line-edge roughness (LER), with PMMA-200 k exhibiting optimal performance at 140 °C soft-bake, achieving L/S patterns with line critical dimensions (CDs) of 25 nm and an LER of 2.24 nm. Low number-average molar mass (Mn) PMMA (13 k, PDI <1.1) displayed high roughness or line breakage at 25–40 nm feature sizes, whereas high-Mn samples (68 k, 133 k, 200 k, PDI <1.1; 128 k, PDI = 1.35) all showed LER <3 nm, indicating that increasing Mn and reducing PDI can improve performance; however, for high-Mn samples without low-Mn chains, this enhancement is relatively limited. In contrast, commercial PMMA with higher Mn but broader distributions exhibited lower resolution and higher LER, suggesting that low-Mn chains (∼12,670 g/mol) in broad-distribution samples are the main limiting factor. PMMA-200 k also achieved L/3S EBL patterns with a line CD of 22 nm, complex EBL patterns, and L/S patterns with a line CD of 30 nm and LER of 2.51 nm under EUV exposure. Importantly, low-Mn components existing in the samples greatly limit the lithographic performance greatly. These findings provide guidance for the optimization and development of MCS-type resists.
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INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2026
·
IF 3.9
Yanfu Tong,Weilong Xie,Huixian Sun,Jiachang Xu,Chenghua Yin,Xuejiao Chen,Hao Wu,Zhenxiang Zhao,Pingping Wu,Chunzheng Wang,Peng Bai,Wei Xing,Zifeng Yan
The construction of advanced catalysts with well-defined structural properties is crucial for the selective hydrogenation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in modern fossil fuel upgrading. In this work, a PtPd alloy catalyst supported on Si-modified Al2O3 nanosheet (Pt-Pd/A-Si-12) is synthesized, which exhibits three key structural advantages: a high specific surface area (422 m2 g–1), a large pore volume (0.8 cm3 g–1), and a surface enriched with finely modulated weak acid sites. Systematic characterization reveals that the hierarchical porous structure not only promotes uniform dispersion of active metal species but also facilitates mass transfer of macromolecular reactants, leading to a diffusion rate 1.47 times that of the unmodified Pt-Pd/A-Si-0 catalyst. Moreover, the tailored weak acid sites play a dual role: enhancing the metal–support interaction through electronic effects while concurrently creating a highly selective hydrogenation environment. As a result, the Pt-Pd/A-Si-12 catalyst achieves nearly complete conversion (∼100%) and a selectivity up to 93% under 250 °C and 5 MPa H2, along with significantly improved stability and high sulfur resistance. This study provides fundamental insights into the structure–performance relationship in selective hydrogenation and offers an effective strategy for the design of efficient industrial catalysts.
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CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN
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2026
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IF 3.6
Weitao Fang,Huizhen Sun,Baimin Niu,Shuo Li,Huangliang Zhang,Jiaxin Chen,Jue Wang,Xiaoqian Liu,Jiawei Han
Sulindac (SUL) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, but its low water solubility limits its oral absorption and therapeutic application. With the in-depth study of an amorphization strategy, in situ amorphization has gained attention due to its advantages of good solubilization effect, green process, and no stability issue. In this study, an integration of theory-model-experimental techniques was used to design the in situ coamorphization combination of SUL by introducing small molecule ligands (i.e., l-lysine, l-arginine, and meglumine), and such an in situ coamorphization mechanism was investigated under a humidity-mediated environment. The study found that SUL-ligand combinations gradually underwent in situ coamorphization upon contact with aqueous media, which was influenced by molar ratios of the components, environmental temperatures, and pH values of the aqueous media. Meanwhile, compared with crystalline SUL, three combinations showed a 288.3–308.5 times increase in apparent solubility as well as a 4222.2–4944.4 times improvement in dissolution rate. Furthermore, the phase solubility test and nucleation inhibition experiment confirmed that the ionic interaction of SUL with ligands enabled long-term supersaturation of SUL during dissolution. Therefore, this study clarified the formation mechanism of in situ coamorphization mediated by water molecules and verified the in situ coamorphous strategy as a promising solubilization approach to optimize the druggability of poorly soluble ingredients.
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Pharmaceutics
·
2026
·Vol. 18
·期 3
·393
·
IF 6.9
Zhongcheng Tang,Wenting Chen,Ting Zhang,Yu He,Haitong Wan
Objective: The objective is to investigate and optimize the β-cyclodextrin inclusion process for volatile oils in Ligusticum Chuanxiong–Vinegar cyperus rotundus based on Quality by Design (QbD) principles.Methods: First, ligustilide and α-cyperone were selected as inclusion process indicator components using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Single-factor experiments were conducted to preselect the inclusion speed based on ligustilide and α-cyperone content as evaluation criteria. Subsequently, using the inclusion rates of ligustilide and α-cyperone as evaluation criteria, a factorial design was employed to investigate the inclusion temperature, inclusion time, and the volume ratio of β-cyclodextrin solution to essential oil, thereby optimizing the inclusion process parameters. Finally, the inclusion process parameters were validated, and the inclusion rates were determined. The obtained inclusion complexes were characterized by microscopic analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, phase dissolution studies and molecular docking were employed for confirmation.Results: The optimal process parameters were determined as follows: encapsulation speed of 300 rpm, β-cyclodextrin solution excess of 6, encapsulation time of 2.5~3 h, and encapsulation temperature of 30~35 °C. The encapsulation rates for ligustilide and α-cyperone in the resulting inclusion complex were 63.15~64.74% and 71.33~76.89%, respectively. Structural characterization confirmed the formation of the inclusion complex.Conclusions: This inclusion process is reliable and provides a reference for preparing β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes of volatile oils in formulations containing the Chuanxiong–Vinegar cyperus rotundus drug pair.
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LIQUID CRYSTALS
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2026
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IF 1.6
Yuxin Wang,Jiaze Gao,Qin Liu,Di Ke,Jifeng Gao,Shuaiyin Ma,Xiaozhi He,Guiyang Yan,Jianshe Hu
In order to synthesise a fluorescent liquid crystal polymer (PL) with thermochromic effect at lower temperatures, allyl glycidyl ether (ME) was graft copolymerised with a fluorescent monomer (FM), a cholesteric monomer (M1), and a nematic monomer (M2) onto a polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) backbone. This PL polymer was subsequently crosslinked with 4,4’-oxydianiline (MF), yielding a fluorescent liquid crystal elastomer (CPL) which exhibits a more ordered arrangement of the liquid-crystal molecules. The molecular structures and mesophase behaviours of the monomers and polymers were characterised by conventional methods, and all polymers were confirmed to meet the design requirements. The liquid-crystalline properties of the polymers before and after crosslinking were established as cholesteric phase by polarised optical microscopy (POM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which also revealed excellent thermal stability, mesophase behaviour and thermal properties. Fluorescence spectroscopic analysis and imaging revealed that the polymer’s emission intensity is highly temperature-dependent. The cholesteric liquid crystal polymers exhibit different fluorescence intensities under UV irradiation at different temperatures, and the fluorescence is temperature-reversible. The two series polymer shows the expected dual effects of fluorescence and selective reflection at low temperatures, which have been fully verified experimentally.
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Foods
·
2026
·Vol. 15
·期 6
·1054
·
IF 6
Rongping Fu,Xianghui Yan,Zheling Zeng,Yujing Yang,Pinpin Zhang,Yuling Lin,Deming Gong,Ping Yu
TheCinnamomum camphoraseed kernel (CCSK) shows great promise as a natural source of bioactive alkaloids. However, there is little data about recovering alkaloids from CCSK by-products after oil extraction using an aqueous method. This study aimed to establish an efficient technology for enriching CCSK alkaloids (including magnoflorine, lindoldhamine and N,N-methyldomesticinium) using macroporous resin technology. The results showed that XR918C resin was the most suitable adsorbent due to its high adsorption/desorption capacity for CCSK alkaloids. The adsorption process was best described by Langmuir isotherm models and pseudo-second-order kinetics; it was spontaneous and physical in nature. The optimum procedure for CCSK alkaloids enrichment using XR918C resin was as follows: for adsorption, the injection flow rate and sample volume were 2.0 BV/h and 7.0 BV, respectively; for desorption, the eluent type, elution flow rate and volume were 80% ethanol, 2.0 BV/h and 6.0 BV, respectively. Furthermore, the scale-up of the CCSK alkaloid enrichment process was performed under optimal conditions. Following the 10-fold scale-up enrichment, the content of CCSK alkaloids was raised 4.41-fold, with a recovery rate of 89.19 ± 0.01%. After nine regeneration cycles, the efficiency of the XR918C resin remained stable, indicating its good reusability. In addition, CCSK alkaloids exhibited strong in vitro antioxidant activity. This study provides a useful reference for the industrial-scale enrichment of CCSK alkaloids.
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Catalysts
·
2026
·Vol. 16
·期 3
·250
·
IF 4.5
Benqun Yang,Rui Yang,Lisha Dong,Haimei Xu,Shiming Qiu,Huimin Yang,Zhifeng Li,Guofang Zuo
Traditional oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butene has typically required relatively high operating temperatures (400–500 °C), which has driven increasing interest in the development of catalysts capable of delivering high activity at lower temperatures. In this study, zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4-ST) was successfully synthesized via hydrothermal hydrolysis of Zn–Fe oleate and demonstrated remarkable catalytic performance for the oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butene under mild conditions. At 300 °C, ZnFe2O4-ST achieved a conversion of 72.9% with 92.1% selectivity toward 1,3-butadiene, a result that, to the best of our knowledge, ranks among the best reported in the literature. By contrast, ZnFe2O4prepared by conventional coprecipitation (17.2% conversion with 91.3% selectivity) and sol-gel (10.1% conversion with 86.4% selectivity) methods showed much lower activities, highlighting the critical influence of synthesis strategy on catalytic performance. To better understand the origin of these differences, a detailed structural and physicochemical characterization was undertaken using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N2adsorption–desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), H2-temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), temperature-programmed re-oxidation (TPRO), and NH3-temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD). These analyses revealed that the as-synthesized ZnFe2O4-ST possessed a significantly smaller average particle size, a larger specific surface area, and superior reducibility compared with the other samples. These properties are believed to be the key factors underpinning its outstanding catalytic behavior and provide important insights into the design of efficient low-temperature catalysts for selective oxidative dehydrogenation.
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Wenjie Huang,Pengju Han,Qiaomei Zhang,Hangran Pei,Jingyu Ma,Chenxing Wang,Ningbo Zhao,Weili Shao,Jianxin He
Nanofiber membrane separation technology is crucial in the field of oily wastewater treatment. However, conventional separation membranes typically focus solely on oil–water separation or the removal of a single pollutant, making it difficult to achieve efficient oil–water separation while simultaneously and effectively removing coexisting heavy metal ions. This limitation constrains their application potential for purifying complex industrial wastewater. To address the key bottlenecks of conventional membranes, namely low flux and poor antifouling performance, this study proposes a PVDF@MOF-303/PVDF@ZIF-67 (PMPZ) Janus composite membrane with dual-functionality for switchable oil/water separation and heavy metal adsorption. The membrane is constructed by forming a lipophilic/hydrophobic nanofibrous base layer of ZIF-67-modified PVDF@ZIF-67 (PZ) via electrospinning and seed-assisted growth, and subsequently creating a fluffy, superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic layer of MOF-303-loaded PVDF@MOF-303 (PM) via air-spray spinning and an in situ growth technique. These two distinct layers are then integrated through ultrasonic bonding to form the final bilayer Janus structure. The resulting PMPZ Janus membrane achieves mode switching by flipping its orientation, enabling gravity-driven separation of various oil/water mixtures and emulsions with high flux (oil flux up to 9500 ± 200 L m–2 h–1 , water flux up to 7400 ± 300 L m–2 h–1) and excellent separation efficiency (>99.3 ± 0.1%). More importantly, the PM layer of the composite membrane exhibits outstanding heavy metal adsorption capacity (e.g., for Cu2+ and Ni2+), achieving an adsorption efficiency reached 82.7 ± 0.5% when removing heavy metal ions from simulated oily wastewater. This composite membrane, which integrates efficient separation, switchable operation, and synchronous heavy metal removal, provides a highly promising solution for treating oily wastewater with complex compositions.
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Small
·
2026
·
IF 11.8
Lingxin Kong,Hui Luo,Weiliang Xiong,Sihai Lv,Qifan Li,Yongzhi Cheng,Fu Chen,Xiangcheng Li
Magnetic porous carbon foams, with low density, strong attenuation, and improved impedance matching, have been introduced as effective microwave absorbers to combat electromagnetic interference. In this study, morphology regulation of CoMn-MOF derived composites anchored on carbon foam were prepared by in situ growth and high-temperature pyrolysis. The pyrolysis temperature significantly influences the structural and chemical properties of the magnetic carbon foams. At a matching thickness of 1.45 mm, the material yielded a wide absorption bandwidth of 4.46 GHz, along with a minimum reflection loss of −51.54 dB at 1.55 mm. The excellent microwave absorption properties were contributed to the conductive loss, dipole polarization, interfacial polarization, natural resonance, exchange resonance, and impedance matching. The prepared magnetic porous carbon foams also integrate thermal insulation property. This work established a promising design strategy for advanced microwave absorbers that combine low density with high absorption efficiency, broadband absorption capabilities, and thermal insulation properties.
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Small
·
2026
·
IF 11.8
Shengze Ban,Yueqi Shen,Jianyi Huang,Yuxiang Xu,Wanxin Chen,Yu Tong,Weihua Ning
0D metal halides are promising light emitters owing to strong quantum confinement and efficient self-trapped exciton (STE) emission, yet achieving both broadband tunability and near-unity PLQY in lead-free systems remains challenging. This study reports the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of Sb 3+ -doped 0D perovskite single crystals, (BYA) 4 InCl 7 : xSb 3+ . Structural analysis confirms the successful substitution of Sb 3+ into the isolated [InCl 6 ] 3− octahedra, which are spatially separated by bulky BYA + organic cations, thereby preserving the intrinsic 0D framework. Sb 3+ incorporation induces a substantial bandgap narrowing from 4.08 to 2.85 eV, accompanied by a pronounced enhancement of broadband STE emission. At an optimal doping level (x = 4.87%), the material achieves an ultrahigh PLQY of 97.53%. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements, together with density functional theory calculations, reveal that the exceptional emission efficiency arises from strong electron phonon coupling and a low activation energy for thermal quenching. Furthermore, a prototype white light-emitting diode fabricated using the (BYA) 4 InCl 7 : Sb 3+ phosphor exhibits excellent color rendition (CRI = 89.3) and robust operational stability. This study elucidates the structure property interplay governing Sb 3+ -doped 0D indium halides and highlights their promise as high-performance emitters for advanced optoelectronic devices.
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