International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
·
2019
·Vol. 17
·期 2
·778-789
·
IF 1.074
Weihua Chen,Jiancheng Tang,Xingwang Shi,Nan Ye,Zhihao Yue,Xinghao Lin
High-purity titanium aluminum carbide (Ti 3 AlC 2 ) powders were synthesized by a microwave sintering method using different titanium sources as raw materials. The prepared products were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results indicated that the synthesized Ti 3 AlC 2 powders have high purity (97.5%) and even distribution of the grain size when using a 3TiH 2 /1.2Al/2C mixture as raw materials when the microwave sintering temperature and time were 1300°C and 30 minutes, respectively. The formation mechanism of the Ti 3 AlC 2 is described as proceeding via four stages. The solid-phase reaction between titanium and aluminum occurs below the melting point of aluminum and the main product is a Ti 3 Al phase, which is an observed intermediate compound for the formation of Ti 2 AlC and Ti 3 AlC 2 . Thus, this study provides a beneficial approach to low-temperature synthesis of high-purity Ti 3 AlC 2 materials.
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Environmental Science-Nano
·
2019
·Vol. 6
·期 11
·3431-3441
·
IF 7.704
Bowen Xiao,Yinqing Zhang,Xiaolei Wang,Meng Chen,Binbin Sun,Tong Zhang,Lingyan Zhu
The wide production and utilization of nanoparticulate Ag and Ti inevitably result in their release into the environment. Thus far, limited information is available regarding to what extent the nanoparticulate Ag and Ti could accumulate in biota and magnify along the food chain in real natural aquatic environments. With the application of single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, we quantitatively demonstrated that both nanoparticulate Ag (18.8–41.0 nm) and Ti (46.6–116 nm) occurred in the water, sediment and aquatic organisms in Taihu Lake, China. Nanoparticulate Ag exhibited greater bioaccumulation potential compared to its other chemical counterparts, and also a greater bioaccumulation factor than nanoparticulate Ti. Sediment served as a main reservoir for nanoparticulate Ag and Ti, and acted as one important exposure source for invertebrates. According to the concentrations of nanoparticulate Ag and Ti in aquatic organisms at different trophic levels, including a variety of invertebrates and fish species, the total and nanoparticulate Ti appeared to be biodiluted in the food web with trophic magnification factors (TMFs) < 1. Conversely, biomagnification of nanoparticulate Ag was found in the fish food web with a TMF of 1.21, while the total Ag was biodiluted. These findings serve as the first line of evidence on the transfer behaviors of nanoparticulate Ag and Ti along the natural aquatic food chain and underline the distinctive bioaccumulation and biomagnification behaviors of nanoparticles as opposed to their other chemical counterparts.
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JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
·
2020
·
IF 8.247
Yangyang Luo,Chenhui Yang,Yapeng Tian,Yi Tang,Xingtian Yin,Wenxiu Que
To enhance rate and cycle performances of nickel sulfide, the two-dimensional (2D) titanium carbide (Ti 3 C 2 , MXene) with good electrical conductivity and electrochemical stability is chosen as 2D supporting matrix for synthesizing nickel sulfide/delaminated Ti 3 C 2 (Ni–S/d-Ti 3 C 2 ) nanohybrids by a solvothermal method . The Ni–S/d-Ti 3 C 2 nanohybrids show a coexistence of Ni 3 S 2 and NiS with the characteristic peak of d-Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets , and have electroactive species-on-sheet structures. The optimal Ni–S/1d-Ti 3 C 2 nanohybrid delivers a high specific capacity of 840.4 C g −1 at 1 A g −1 with enhanced capacity retention of 64.3% at 30 A g −1 and an outstanding cycle performance, which are ascribed to an integration of d-Ti 3 C 2 nanosheets that can act as electric channels to accelerate electrons transport at interface of the nanohybrid during charge-discharge processes. An increased Ni 2+ content and BET surface area also contribute to redox reactions of Ni–S/1d-Ti 3 C 2 nanohybrid electrode. An asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) fabricated by using the Ni–S/1d-Ti 3 C 2 nanohybrid as positive electrode and d-Ti 3 C 2 film as negative electrode exhibits an energy density of 20.0 Wh kg −1 at 0.5 kW kg −1 and a good cycling stability. Our work provides a favorable ingenuity for synthesizing advanced nickel sulfide-based nanohybrids and an alternative strategy of using 2D MXene as capacitive electrode for high-performance supercapacitors .
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Materials
·
2019
·Vol. 12
·期 7
·1163
·
IF 2.972
Jiali Xue,Kuibao Zhang,Zongsheng He,Wenwen Zhao,Weiwei Li,Dayan Xie,Baozhu Luo,Kai Xu,Haibin Zhang
A rapid and effective method is necessary in the disposal of severely radioactive contaminated soil waste. Simulated Ce-bearing radioactive soil waste was immobilized by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) within 5 min in this study. The main work includes the rapid synthesis of soil waste forms, the analysis of phase composition, microstructure and chemical durability. These results show that the simulated nuclide Ce was successfully immobilized into the pyrochlore-rich waste matrice, whose main phases are SiO2, pyrochlore (Gd2Ti2O7) and Cu. The normalized leaching rates of Si and Na on the 42nd day are 1.86 × 10−3and 1.63 × 10−2g·m−2·d−1, respectively. And the normalized leaching rate of Ce also remains at low level (10−5–10−6g·m−2·d−1) within 42 days.Keywords:Radioactive soil waste;Gd2Ti2O7pyrochlore;SHS;CeO2;Immobilization
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Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2019
·Vol. 7
·期 10
·5635-5642
·
IF 10.733
Lin Yang,Yohan Dall'Agnese,Kanit Hantanasirisakul,Christopher E. Shuck,Kathleen Maleski,Mohamed Alhabeb,Gang Chen,Yu Gao,Yoshitaka Sanehira,Ajay Kumar Jena,Liang Shen,Chunxiang Dall'Agnese,Xiao-Feng Wang,Yury Gogotsi,Tsutomu Miyasaka
MXenes, a class of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides, have a wide range of potential applications due to their unique electronic, optical, plasmonic, and other properties. Herein, we explore the use of the Ti3C2 MXene in organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). SnO2–Ti3C2 MXene nanocomposites with different contents of Ti3C2 (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 2.5 wt‰) were used as electron transport layers (ETLs) in low-temperature processed planar-structured PSCs. Mixing SnO2 with 1.0 wt‰ Ti3C2 effectively increases the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 17.23% to 18.34%, whereas the device prepared with pristine Ti3C2 as the ETL achieves a PCE of 5.28%. Photoluminescence and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results reveal that metallic Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets provide superior charge transfer paths, enhancing electron extraction, electron mobility, and decreasing the electron transfer resistance at the ETL/perovskite interface, and thus leading to higher photocurrents. This work proposes a new field of application for MXenes and a promising method to increase the efficiency of solar cells.
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
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2019
·
IF 14.229
Zizheng Ai,Yongliang Shao,Bin Chang,Lei Zhang,Jianxing Shen,Yongzhong Wu,Baibiao Huang,Xiaopeng Hao
As a metal-free polymeric semiconductor, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) is a promising candidate for photocatalytic water splitting but suffers from the insufficient optical absorption and sluggish utilization of photocarriers. Herein, based on the energy band engineering theory, a new design philosophy of tunable p-n homojunction is proposed and realized in a novel P-doped g-C 3 N 4 (PCN) material. Through regulating the tendency of transformation in p-n homojunction, a strong internal electric field is built and integrated with two secondary internal electric fields by further decorating with Ti 3 C 2 , leading to the formation of a triple-internal electric field system. Thus the spatial separation efficiency of photocarriers is improved and their lifetime is prolonged. The specific photocatalyst exhibits excellent overall water splitting performance in pure water with a notable quantum yield. This work presents a peculiar concept of adjustable p-n homojunction and holds great significance for the rational design of advanced photocatalyst in water splitting.
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PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
·
2019
·Vol. 21
·期 32
·17801-17810
·
IF 3.567
Qiushi Song,Zheng Zhang,Hongwei Xie,Huayi Yin,Zhiqiang Ning
The carbonization of transition metals in molten salts was performed to study the effect of electrochemical polarization and molten salt medium on the carbonization process. The carbonization of niobium (Nb) has been systemically investigated in Ar atmosphere and molten salts. The effect of particle size and structure of the starting materials, molten salt medium, and electric field on the formation of NbC was studied to reveal the dynamic barriers in the carbonization process. A native oxide layer and/or niobate derivatives generated on the Nb particles are the main barriers for the mass transfer of carbon and Nb towards each other. The results showed that molten salts can accelerate the formation of NbC by enhancing the diffusion of carbon, and the kinetic barrier can be effectively eliminated by supplying negative polarization to the cathode in molten salts to remove the oxide barriers, thereby enhancing carbonization. Besides Nb, tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), titanium (Ti), and tantalum (Ta) can also be carbonized in molten salts with the assistance of an applied electric field.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2019
·
IF 4.084
Yuan Yao,Mingxuan Sun,Zihan Zhang,Xiaojing Lin,Bowen Gao,Sambandam Anandan,Wei Liu
A ternary composites of MoO 3 /Ag/TiO 2 nanotube arrays were synthesized by in-situ annealing of TiO 2 nanotube arrays impregnated with AgNO 3 over MoO 3 powders. During the annealing process , the crystallization of the TiO 2 nanotubes, the thermo-decomposition of AgNO 3 to Ag nanoparticles , and the sublimation of MoO 3 occur jointly. The photoelectrochemical measurements of the resultants indicate that MoO 3 /Ag/TiO 2 nanotube arrays present better photoelectrochemical properties compared with Ag/TiO 2 nanotube arrays and pristine TiO 2 nanotube arrays. Especially, the highest photocurrent and open circuit voltage are up to 21.29 μA/cm 2 and 0.058 V under visible light irradiation , whereas 1.77 and 3.87 times larger than those of TiO 2 nanotube arrays, respectively. Superior photoelectrochemical stability and larger photo-conversion efficiency of the ternary composites are also demonstrated. The improved photoelectrochemical properties are related to the close interfacial contact among MoO 3 , Ag, and TiO 2 as well as the surface plasma resonance of Ag in the ternary composites, which broaden the range of light response and enhance the efficiency of charge separation. This study provides a skillful solution to construct TiO 2 -based composite materials and demonstrates it is an unique architecture to promote the visible light driven photocatalytic application of TiO 2 .
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Advanced Energy Materials
·
2019
·Vol. 9
·期 18
·1900364
·
IF 24.884
Chenyan Guo,Peng He,Rongrong Cui,Qi Shen,Nianjun Yang,Guohua Zhao
Electrochemical CO 2 reduction (ECCO 2 R) requires electrons, for example, from oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, such a multiple-electron-involved reaction is complicated and kinetically slow, leading to high overpotential. Herein, OER is replaced with photoelectrocatalytic phenol oxidation reaction (PECPOR) that provides electrons for ECCO 2 R. In an integrated cell, ECCO 2 R is conducted on the cathode of Cu nanowires and PECPOR is performed on the anode of SnO 2 and Sb coated TiO 2 nanotubes. Significant improvement of ECCO 2 R into CO and hydrocarbons is realized when PECPOR is conducted at a high current density. The use of this integrated system results in the reduction of the specific energy consumption by a factor of 51.33%, compared with the utilization of two half-cells for individual ECCO 2 R and PECPOR. This study thus proposes a novel strategy to couple ECCO 2 R with PECPOR and eventually to tackle the problems of environmental pollution and energy crisis.
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Materials Express
·
2019
·Vol. 9
·期 4
·319-327
·
IF 1.465
Zhen Deshuai,Zhong Fenfen,Yang De,Cai Qingyun,Liu Yu
A novel photoelectrode of ternary CdS/Au/TiO2 nanotube array, fabricated by electrodeposition technique and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method, shows strong photon absorption capacity and active charge transfer efficiency. A photoelectrochemical
aptasensor was developed to detect cytochrome c (cyt c) by decorating a HS-aptamer on the CdS/Au/TiO2 photoelectrode. Due to the specific binding between the cyt c and aptamer, the cyt c-aptamer complex formed and enhanced the steric hindrances and reduced the e/h
+
lifetimes, which result in a decrease in the photoelectrical current intensity. Cyt c is, therefore, also quantified based on the decrease in photoelectrical current. The developed aptasensor shows a high specificity and a high sensitivity towards to the cyt c, giving a linear range from 5
pM to 100 nM, and a limit of detection of 3.45 pM.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2018
·
IF 3.779
X.Q. Liu,C.J. Li,J.H. Yi,K.G. Prashanth,N. Chawake,J.M. Tao,X. You,Y.C. Liu,J. Eckert
Achieving effective load transfer at the interface between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and aluminum (Al) is a crucial issue for fabricating high-performance CNTs reinforced Al matrix (CNT/Al) composites. In this work, CNT/Al composites with different Ti additions and the compared materials were prepared by powder metallurgy . Micro-sized Ti particles in which CNTs are well-dispersed firstly circumvent the difficulty of CNT dispersion, and subsequently act as nucleation site for sandwiched TiAl 3 layers that lock the dispersed CNTs in place and improve the CNT-Al interface bonding. Additionally, Ti addition not only allows modification of the dispersed CNTs but also enhances the strength of the composites by enhancing the load-bearing capacity of the CNTs through in situ formation of nano-sized titanium carbide (TiC). This work provides a new approach to improve the load transfer efficiency of CNTs by strengthening the interface bonding for fabricating high strength CNT/Al composites.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2018
·
IF 3.057
Jiali Xue,Kuibao Zhang,Zongsheng He,Wenwen Zhao,Weiwei Li,Dayan Xie,Haibin Zhang
Simulated radioactive soil waste has been immobilized rapidly by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) using CuO as the oxidant. CeO 2 was incorporated into the soil waste as the surrogate of radioactive actinide nuclides. The phase composition, microstructure, elemental distribution, density and chemical durability of obtained waste forms have been characterized. These results show that the radioactive soil waste forms were successfully prepared with zirconolite (2M-CaZrTi 2 O 7 ), soil (SiO 2 ) and Cu as the main phases. Simulated nuclide Ce was successfully immobilized in the solidified zirconolite-rich ceramic body. Moreover, the radioactive soil waste solidified body exhibits excellent chemical durability. The normalized leaching rates (42 d) of Si and Ca are in low values of 4.1 × 10 −3 and 2.5 × 10 −3 g m −2 d −1 , while that of Ce is kept as 10 −4 − 10 −6 g m −2 d −1 within 42 days. This result indicates a potential application of SHS for the safety disposal of radioactive contaminated soil waste.
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