Gels
·
2026
·Vol. 12
·期 2
·109
·
IF 5.3
Yiduo Li,Gen Chen,Shidong Fang,Wenxue Duan,Jie Shen,Zou Wu,Kaixin Xiang,Jingwei Tao
The development of high-performance solid-state energy storage devices is constrained by the limited ionic conductivity of gel electrolytes. To address this challenge, an inductively coupled nitrogen plasma (ICP) surface modification strategy was applied to poly(vinyl alcohol)–potassium hydroxide (PVA–KOH) gel electrolytes. The optimal plasma treatment parameters (150 W, 20 s) were identified based on ionic conductivity measurements. Comprehensive characterization confirmed that plasma treatment effectively introduced nitrogen-containing polar functional groups on the gel surface, induced surface nitrogen doping, increased surface roughness, and disrupted the hydrogen bond network. These synergistic microstructural modifications and chemical modifications increased interfacial polarity and facilitated ion transport, resulting in a 26% enhancement in the ionic conductivity compared with the pristine gel. Solid-state supercapacitors fabricated with the optimized gel electrolyte exhibits improved energy density, enhanced rate capability, and reduced interfacial impedance. These findings demonstrate that nitrogen-induced ICP treatment is an effective surface engineering strategy for improving gel electrolyte performance and advancing solid-state supercapacitor technologies.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2026
·
IF 7.6
Yusi Huang,Han Wang,Sining Huang,Zhiguo Li,Chengyu Wang,Siqi Huan
Achieving a balance between high strength and toughness in biodegradable polymer fibers such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) remains a major challenge in sustainable materials design. Notably, TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNF), featuring high aspect ratio, abundant surface hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, and excellent sustainability, serve as efficient reinforcing elements by constructing dense hydrogen-bonding networks and facilitating effective stress transfer. Here, we fabricated PVA/TOCNF composite fibers via wet spinning using a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)–water mixed coagulation bath, which optimizes solubility and spinning viscosity. The synergistic combination of TOCNF–PVA hydrogen bonding and chain alignment during spinning significantly enhanced the mechanical properties. The resulting fibers exhibit remarkable ductility (elongation at break of 442.5%) and high tensile strength (131.4 MPa in the dry state and 3.12 MPa in the wet state) within an ultrashort coagulation bath residence time (∼4.57 s in total). Compared with pure PVA fibers, their dry and wet tensile strengths increased by 406% and 165%, respectively, effectively mitigating the drastic loss of strength under wet conditions. These biocompatible and biodegradable composite fibers provide a materials-design strategy for developing next-generation sustainable and flexible fibrous systems, with potential relevance to wearable and biomedical applications.
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Gels
·
2026
·Vol. 12
·期 5
·442
·
IF 6.4
Guofan Zeng,Jiaqi Zhu,Zehong Wu,Yihan Qiu,Mingcen Weng
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogels suffer from insufficient mechanical strength, while aramid nanofibers (ANF) have intrinsic insulation that limits their sensing applications, and the synergistic effect of composite fillers remains underexplored. This study aims to develop a multifunctional PVA/ANF/NaCl composite organohydrogel for high-performance flexible sensors. The gel was fabricated via freeze–thaw crosslinking, solvent exchange and NaCl impregnation, with systematic investigations of its microstructure, mechanical, electrical and multifunctional sensing properties, and a corresponding triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and self-powered handwriting recognition system were constructed. Results show that 2% ANF significantly enhances the gel’s mechanical performance, 0.5 M NaCl achieves optimal mechanical-electrical balance, the gel-based sensor exhibits excellent distance, pressure and strain sensing with high cyclic stability, the TENG delivers stable electrical output, and the recognition system achieves 95% accuracy on the test set. This work provides a new material and design strategy for advanced flexible electronic devices.
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LANGMUIR
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Haohao Wang,Yunpeng Hu,Tiancheng Xiong,Dazhi Sun
This study develops a new type of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite film by incorporating hydrophilic fumed silica and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) as reinforcing agents through a low-cost synthesis method. The addition of these materials significantly enhanced the film’s mechanical properties and hydrophobicity. A three-dimensional network structure formed by hydrogen bonding interactions between PVA, MFC, and silica led to notable improvements in tensile strength (71.1%) and Young’s modulus (146%) in the optimal formulation with 5% MFC and 3% hydrophilic fumed silica. Additionally, the composite films exhibited a maximum water contact angle of 90.3°, indicating a significant reduction in the hydrophilicity and the development of a more hydrophobic surface. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the incorporation of MFC and fumed silica enhanced the crystallinity of the PVA films, improving their structural stability. This work demonstrates the synergistic effect of MFC and hydrophilic fumed silica in PVA composite films, offering a promising solution for the development of sustainable packaging materials with improved mechanical and hydrophobic properties.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
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Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
·
2025
·
IF 3.5
Jun Li,Chuang Zhang,Weiwei Lan,Weiyi Chen,Di Huang
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels have garnered increasing interest in the field of biomedical materials due to their excellent biocompatibility and controllable mechanical properties. Although various preparation strategies such as freeze-thaw cycles, solvent-exchange, salting-out and annealing treatments have been extensively employed in the preparation of PVA hydrogels, the current literature lacks systematic comparisons under the same PVA molecular weight and mass fraction conditions. It limited the in-depth understanding of the mechanism of optimizing the properties of PVA hydrogels and could not provide guidance for the construction of high strength pure PVA hydrogels. In this study, PVA with a molecular weight of 145,000 was utilized to prepare hydrogels with mass fraction of 10 wt%, 15 wt%, and 20 wt% using the aforementioned four preparation strategies. We thoroughly investigated the effects of preparation strategies and mass fraction on the mechanical properties of PVA hydrogels by employing the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGboost) machine learning model for precise data analysis and predictions. Additionally, we also investigated the effects of different preparation strategies and mass fraction on the microstructure and surface properties of PVA hydrogels. The results indicated that the choice of preparation strategies significantly influenced the mechanical properties of PVA hydrogels, surpassing the effects of PVA mass fraction. Notably, under the same preparation conditions, the 20 wt% annealing-PVA hydrogels exhibited the best tensile strength (3.96 ± 0.511 MPa), tensile modulus (4.36 ± 0.160 MPa), and compressive modulus (3.17 ± 0.644 MPa), representing increases of 10 times, 62 times, and 26 times, respectively, compared to freeze-thaw cycles-PVA, while also demonstrating the lowest friction coefficient (0.05). According to the XGboost machine learning model, it showed that the PVA mass fraction had 26.21 % of the effect on the variation of mechanical properties, while the preparation strategy accounted for the remaining 73.79 %. In summary, we successfully established the correlation between the mechanical properties of PVA hydrogels and preparation parameters, providing a solid technical foundation for the development of high strength pure PVA hydrogels.
研究领域:
材料科学
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生物医学工程
·
人工智能
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Qingyuan Zhang,Kai Chen,Qin Chen,Wenlu Hang,Haiyan Feng,Xinyue Zhang,Cunao Feng,Xiaowei Li,Dekun Zhang,Shirong Ge
Flexible sensing materials have emerged as pivotal tools for human health monitoring and motion detection. However, single-functional flexible sensors currently suffer from insufficient versatility to address complex detection demands, particularly in multifaceted application scenarios such as real-time physiological signal monitoring and environmental gas sensing. Herein, a strategy of using PVA and CS as matrix materials is reported to fabricate strain/gas multifunctional flexible hydrogels, which are endowed with ionic conductivity and mechanical robustness via immersion in LiCl electrolyte solution. The as-prepared PVA 7 /CS 3 -LiCl 1.5 hydrogel exhibited remarkable strain sensitivity with response values of 6.5 % (tensile) and − 24 % (compressive) at 8 % strain. After 200 cycles of stretching, the relative resistance remained stable, demonstrating superior mechanical stability and cyclic durability. And relative resistance change (ΔR/R₀) showed linear dependence on strain, with gauge factors (GFs) of 0.45 (1–7 % strain), 2.66 (7–10 % strain), and 0.93 (10–90 % strain), respectively. Optimal performance was achieved at 3 wt% CS and 1.5 mol/L LiCl, where the hydrogel exhibited a 2.5 % response to 20 ppm acetone with 5-fold higher selectivity than benzene, ethanol, and ammonia. These multifunctional hydrogels enable versatile room-temperature applications, particularly for human physiological signal monitoring, offering promising strategies for sensing materials in complex environments.
研究领域:
材料科学
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柔性电子学
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传感器与执行器
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可穿戴设备
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健康监测技术
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Laser & Photonics Reviews
·
2025
·
IF 10
Yuqi Li,Yikai Chen,Ziting Zhong,Zhun Ran,Shihuan Luo,Zhenzhen Li,Yong Shao,Jianle Zhuang,Xuejie Zhang,Zhouyi Guo,Yingliang Liu,Zhiming Liu,Chaofan Hu
As a kind of light-responsive material, carbon dots (CDs) have important application values in the fields of anti-counterfeiting, information encryption, and biological imaging. However, currently, there are few reports on the photochromic luminescence phenomenon of CDs, and there is a lack of in-depth research on the structural design and luminescence mechanism of CDs with photochromic luminescence. In this study, CDs with the structure of naphthalimide derivatives are synthesized by a one-step method through a reasonable selection of precursors. Under continuous ultraviolet light irradiation, CDs achieved photochromic luminescence from 425 to 640 nm within 0 to 30 s, and this property is enhanced after being compounded with a polyvinyl alcohol film. Research analysis shows that the structure of the naphthalimide derivative on the surface state of the CDs undergoes structural changes during the ultraviolet light irradiation process, activating the surface state luminescence center. The surface state luminescence center and the core state luminescence center constitute the dual emission centers of CDs. Based on the excellent full-color photochromic properties of CDs in polyvinyl alcohol, we have designed applications in portable UV detection and advanced dynamic information encryption, demonstrating promising application prospects. This study provides new insights into the photochromic luminescence of CDs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
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光学材料
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光物理
·
信息安全
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JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 2.8
Wang Zhiqin,Li Wei,Xiao Ningyu,Wang Chenxing
Conductive hydrogels show great potential for flexible sensors, yet their applications are limited by low strength, poor freeze resistance, and easy dehydration. To address these issues, this paper developed a multifunctional PVA (polyvinyl alcohol)/CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose sodium)/PANI (polyaniline)/PA (phytic acid)/BA (boric acid)/Fe 3+ hydrogel (denoted as PMNF) with a double-network structure formed via the Hofmeister effect and in situ polymerization. The hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength: 236 kPa; elongation: 541%), high conductivity (2 S/m), and improved antifreezing behavior. At −12°C, it retains a conductivity of 0.86 S/m and over 300% elongation. It also demonstrates strong water retention after 15 days and stability in acidic/alkaline salt environments. Based on these properties, PMNF-based sensors reliably detect both subtle and large human motions under various conditions. This work offers a practical strategy for developing robust wearable electronics suited for real-world use.
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ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·Vol. 2025
·期 1
·9396134
·
IF 2.5
Ye Fan,Ming Lu,Junyi Huang,Ling Huang,Huade Zheng
Drug-eluting embolic microspheres are receiving increasing attention in transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), which is one of the most important approaches for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, currently most commercial microspheres are radiolucent and their position in vivo needs to be indirectly monitored by X-ray angiography. In addition, microspheres reflux may cause nontargeted embolism. The aim of this study is to develop an inherently radiopaque embolic agent capable of delivering drugs and enhancing the embolic effect. In this study, using emulsification (S/W/O) and photocrosslinking, the mixture of methacrylated polyvinyl alcohol (PVAMA), 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), and barium sulfate was prepared into BaSO 4 /PVA/AMPS beads. Barium sulfate act as computed tomography (CT) contrast agent, while sulfonic acid groups give the hydrogel beads drug loading and sustained release properties. The embolic performance of beads is enhanced by loading etamsylate. The results indicate that the prepared beads are radiopaque, biocompatible, with good drug sustained release performance. In vivo embolization and imaging properties were demonstrated by a rabbit ear central artery embolization model.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
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肿瘤学
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介入放射学
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药物递送系统
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生物材料
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Functional Materials Letters
·
2025
·
IF 1.1
Lejuan Cao,Jing Li,Jie Huang,Jiachen Lei,Siqi Zheng
Inorganic aerogels have promising applications in thermal insulation of buildings or industries due to their low thermal conductivity and good thermal stability. In this paper, magnesium borate whiskers (MBOWs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are used to prepare PVA/MBOWs aerogels by self-assembly combined with freeze-drying technique. The PVA/MBOWs aerogels develop a new synthesis route and composite aerogels system for a wide range of short fibre scaffolds. The well-developed laminar-like pore structure is obtained with the average pore size of about 100-200 nm. The aerogels show good thermal insulation properties with a low thermal conductivity of about 0.03 W/(m·K). Thermal insulation better than commercial thermal insulation, layer clay aerogels, the average temperature difference can reach 5.7 ° C. In addition, through the formation of thermal insulation coke layer in the combustion/non-combustible gases/cooling flame retardant synergistic mechanism, to achieve a good fire retardant effect. Moreover, the maximum stress at 0.6 mm/mm strain is 1.8 MPa, which indicates that the aerogels have better mechanical properties. The combination of these properties makes PVA/MBOWs aerogels an effective and practical candidate for building insulation.
研究领域:
材料科学
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高分子科学
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热绝缘
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阻燃材料
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纳米材料
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POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2025
·
IF 7.4
Bailin Dai,Fang Liu,Yixin Wang,Yingxia He,Jiaxin Tan,Jianxin Tang,Li Tang
Hydrogel flexible sensors have demonstrated significant potential in human motion and health monitoring applications; however, their practical implementation is constrained by poor anti-swelling performance and limited recyclability. In this study, a gradient assembly strategy combining freeze-thaw, salting-out, and swelling (FSS) was developed to fabricate an anti-swelling PVA/AgNWs hydrogel with closed-loop recyclability. This synergistic phase separation approach enables simultaneous optimization of mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and anti-swelling performance. Relative to control hydrogels undergoing solely freeze-thaw cycles, the FSS-processed PVA/AgNWs hydrogel exhibited a 61-fold increase in bulk toughness (from 0.031 MJ/m 3 to 1.9 MJ/m 3 ) and a 6-fold enhancement in conductivity (from 0.041 S/m to 0.25 S/m). Moreover, after 15 days of water immersion, the hydrogel maintained exceptional stability: mass change remained below 5%, while tensile strain, bulk toughness, and electrical conductivity exhibited over 95% retention after both 7 and 15 days. Leveraging the physical nature of cross‑links (hydrogen bonds and crystals), we established a complete closed-loop recycling system. After three cycles of recycling, the hydrogel retained 95% tensile strain, preserved 91.52% of the original tensile stress, and maintained 97.71% of the initial conductivity. Additionally, the hydrogel exhibited excellent biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. Sensors based on this hydrogel achieved underwater biomimetic motion monitoring, while biological electrodes performed comparably to commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes in human physiological signal acquisition. The green, low-cost, sustainable gradient assembly strategy provides a universal methodology for balancing mechanical robustness, electrical conductivity, and environmental adaptability in next-generation wearable electronics, thereby advancing technological breakthroughs and industrial upgrades in sustainable flexible electronics.
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Materials
·
2017
·Vol. 10
·期 6
·667
·
IF 2.654
Gang Tao,Rui Cai,Yejing Wang,Kai Song,Pengchao Guo,Ping Zhao,Hua Zuo,Huawei He
Bionanocomposite packaging materials have a bright future for a broad range of applications in the food and biomedical industries. Antimicrobial packaging is one of the bionanocomposite packaging materials. Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) is one of the most attractive antimicrobial agents for its broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against microorganisms. However, the traditional method of preparing AgNPs-functionalized packaging material is cumbersome and not environmentally friendly. To develop an efficient and convenient biosynthesis method to prepare AgNPs-modified bionanocomposite material for packaging applications, we synthesized AgNPs in situ in a silk fibroin solution via the reduction of Ag+by the tyrosine residue of fibroin, and then prepared AgNPs–silk/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite film by blending with PVA. AgNPs were synthesized evenly on the surface or embedded in the interior of silk/PVA film. The prepared AgNPs–silk/PVA film exhibited excellent mechanical performance and stability, as well as good antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. AgNPs–silk/PVA film offers more choices to be potentially applied in the active packaging field.Keywords:biosynthesis;AgNPs;silk;PVA;packaging application
研究领域:
材料科学
·
生物学
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）