Nature Communications
·
2026
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IF 18.1
Zhu Sheng,Dong Chen,Shen Yu,Gong Shuai-Qi,Qu Ming-Rong,Zhang Xiao-Long,Liu Rui-Qi,Yan Wen-Sheng,Li He-Xing,Min Yu-Lin,Gao Min-Rui,Yu Shu-Hong
High-valence Ru n + ( n > 4) sites possess high catalytic activity to negotiate the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis, but undergo thermodynamic instability. The synthesis of Ru-based catalysts with stable high-valence Ru sites remains challenging. Here, we present an interstitial nitrogen doping strategy to trigger a charge symmetry breaking for the stabilization of high-valence Ru sites in ruthenium dioxide. The resultant catalyst requires a low overpotential of 195 mV at 10 mA cm -2 and operates stably with negligible activity drop over 1000 hours. In-depth electrochemical characterizations combined with in-situ spectroscopic studies reveal that the presence of high-valence Ru sites accelerates the charge accumulation for the chemical bond making/breaking and water dissociation at the reaction interface, leading to enhanced kinetics. Additionally, the strong Ru-N electronic coupling and weak Ru-O covalency suppress the Ru oxidative dissolution and lattice oxygen oxidation, accounting for the long-term stability. A realistic water electrolysis cell assembled with this catalyst at the anode achieves 1000 mA cm -2 at 1.79 volts and can run steadily for at least 300 hours.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Hang Yao,Jian Sheng,Jie Fan,Hong-Mei Jiang
The selective hydrogenation of CO 2 to either CH 4 or CO is a pivotal reaction for sustainable chemical synthesis, yet controlling product selectivity remains challenging. Although Ru-based catalysts are highly active for CO 2 methanation, their selectivity to CO is typically low. Herein, we demonstrate that gallium oxide (GaO x ) serves as an efficient promoter for Ru/Al 2 O 3 catalysts, switching the dominant product in ambient-pressure CO 2 hydrogenation from ∼98% CH 4 to ∼92% CO. Comprehensive characterization reveals that GaO x engages in a strong electronic metal-support interaction with Ru, which facilitates electron transfer from Ru to Ga, generating electron-deficient Ru sites that weaken CO adsorption. In situ DRIFTS further demonstrates that Ga redirects the reaction pathway from a dual mechanism favoring CH 4 formation on Ru/Al 2 O 3 to a selective route producing CO via formate intermediate decomposition. This work provides fundamental insights into how oxide promoters can steer reaction pathways through electronic effects and offers a rational strategy for designing selective CO 2 hydrogenation catalysts.
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ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2026
·
IF 5.8
Chuang Tian,Yanping Mo,Xiaofeng Gao,Chao Wang,Jinzhi Wu,Jinqi Wu,Chengfei Li,Fuzhi Huang,Qi Li
Ru nanoparticles supported on amorphous/crystalline MoO 2 were developed for alkaline HER. • The catalyst exhibits low overpotential and small Tafel slope, indicating fast reaction kinetics. • Interfacial interaction between Ru and MoO 2 promotes water dissociation and hydrogen evolution. • Excellent activity and durability are achieved, outperforming commercial Pt/C. Developing low-cost, readily accessible, and superior-performance electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is essential for realizing a green and low-carbon energy future. Herein, we report a straightforward synthesis of Ru nanoparticles anchored on an oxygen-vacancy-rich amorphous/crystalline MoO 2 heterostructure support (Ru/ac-MoO 2 @NC). Theoretical calculations in conjunction with experimental investigations reveal that, in Ru/MoO 2 , heterointerfacial electronic structure modulation arising from the amorphization of MoO 2 can effectively promote H 2 O adsorption, reduce the kinetic barrier of water dissociation, and regulate hydrogen adsorption/desorption behavior, thereby significantly enhancing the intrinsic kinetics of the HER. The as-fabricated catalyst demonstrates outstanding HER activity in 1 M KOH, requiring an ultralow overpotential of merely 13 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm –2 , along with a low Tafel slope of 12 mV dec –1 , thereby surpassing the performance of the Pt/C. Furthermore, an integrated green hydrogen production device powered by solar energy and dry-cell batteries is demonstrated, highlighting the practical applicability of the developed catalyst. This research establishes a promising paradigm for the rational engineering of robust HER electrocatalysts, paving the way for scalable and sustainable hydrogen generation. The heterointerfacial interaction between Ru nanoparticles and crystalline/amorphous MoO 2 optimizes interfacial electronic redistribution, accelerating water dissociation and hydrogen adsorption/desorption kinetics, thereby enabling outstanding alkaline HER performance. Download: Download high-res image (325KB) Download: Download full-size image
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Journal of Energy Chemistry
·
2026
·
IF 15.6
Mingqiang Fan,Jie Ren,Runhan Niu,Bo Yang,Cheng Ye,Pengfei Zhou,Bin Li,Chuanliang Wei,Renbing Wu,Maofeng Zhang
Atomic-level control in crystal facet engineering offers a systematic approach to enhance catalytic performance by modulating microscopic properties such as electronic structure, surface energy, and coordination environment. Herein, we propose a phase-junction engineering strategy for ZnCdS (ZCS) solid solutions with atomic Ru loading to construct a high-performance catalyst (Ru/ZCS). The choice of sulfur source, thioacetamide (TA) versus thiourea (TR), plays a pivotal role in determining the crystal phase structure and photocatalytic performance. Microstructural characterizations reveal that ZCS-TA features intersecting (111) facets of ZnS and CdS, whereas ZCS-TR forms a homogeneous ZnCdS crystal phase. This structural distinction leads to the preferential anchoring of Ru single atoms at the phase junction of ZCS-TA, while Ru clusters form on ZCS-TR. Remarkably, Ru/ZCS-TA achieves an exceptional H 2 evolution rate of 30.3 mmol g −1 h −1 under visible light ( λ >420 nm), surpassing bare ZCS-TA by 12-fold and nearly doubling the performance of Ru/ZCS-TR. In-situ experiments and mechanistic studies attribute the superior performance of Ru/ZCS-TA to the optimized facet structure enabled by phase-junction engineering, which significantly enhances reaction kinetics. This work establishes phase-junction engineering as an innovative strategy for designing high-efficiency single-atom photocatalysts under mild conditions, providing promising potential for water splitting applications. The phase-junction engineering of ZnCdS (ZCS) crystal facets for atomic Ru dispersion enhances both activity and stability of photocatalytic H 2 evolution (PHE) via accelerating surface reaction kinetics and optimizing the reaction barrier. Download: Download high-res image (238KB) Download: Download full-size image
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2026
·
IF 12.5
Jiayi Shen,Yichun Xue,Cailin Xu,Fangqi Xiao,Qin Lu,Hui He,Hongxiang Zhu,Lei Wang
High-entropy alloys hold immense promise for electrocatalytic water splitting, while they may be accompanied by irreversible dissolution of noble metals during operation, limiting their practical application. In this study, a stable grain boundary face-centered cubic FeCoNiPtRu high-entropy alloy was fabricated by ultrafast carbon thermal shock to synchronously reduce multi-metal precursors. The ultra-fast reversion to high temperature of 1000 °C within 55 ms endowed the high-entropy alloy with a uniform distribution of metal elements, while the stable grain boundaries were formed at the alloy edges during the rapid cooling process at a rate of 10 °C/ms. Notably, the high-entropy alloy possessed a unique nano-confined atomic structure, with EXAFS revealing elongated Pt Pt bonds (2.88 Å) and shortened Ru Ru bonds (2.42 Å), indicative of partial Ru oxidation. DFT calculations suggest that a configuration with Pt at face-centered sites and Ru at corner sites is consistent with these bond length trends and yields a narrowed pseudo-gap and downshifted d-band center. This specific atomic arrangement could enable Pt corner sites to electronically stabilize neighboring Ru atoms, thereby enhancing charge transfer kinetics and oxidation resistance. This enhanced both charge transfer kinetics and oxidation resistance, enabling the catalyst to retain 87% of its initial current density after 25 h of high-current operation at 350 mA cm −2 . The optimized catalyst delivered low overpotentials of 48 mV (hydrogen evolution reaction) and 222 mV (oxygen evolution reaction) at 10 mA cm −2 in 1.0 M KOH, outperforming commercial Pt/C (94 mV) and RuO₂ (547 mV). This research highlighted lattice site engineering as a notable paradigm for designing anti-dissolution multi-metal electrocatalysts for water electrolysis.
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JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2026
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IF 6.7
Yang Qin,Xinyu Xie,Ning Sun,Yufeng Wu,Ruyue Wang,Haodong Zhong,Ming Lei,Kai Huang,Peng Du
Tellurization has emerged as a promising strategy for developing high-performance electrocatalysts for hydrogen production, yet achieving controlled modification over Ru-based systems remains challenging in precise modification of phase composition and electronic structures. Herein, a rapid annealing-driven tellurization strategy was demonstrated to construct hetero-structured Ru/RuTe 2 nanoparticles from commercial RuO 2 and Te powder. The resulting Ru/RuTe 2 catalyst exhibits exceptional electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity with an overpotential of 29 mV at 10 mA cm −2 and remarkable stability after 10k cycles of ADT test and 30 h of chronoamperometry (CA) test. Within an alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) system, the electrodes exhibit an ultralow cell voltage of 1.62 V to achieve 0.5 A cm −2 with outstanding durability for 1000 h, demonstrating the mixed-valence Ru heterostructure optimizes interfacial charge transfer kinetics and intrinsic activity. This study paves a new pathway toward high-efficiency and durable Ru-based heterostructures for water electrolysis through controlled surface engineering.
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Journal of Energy Chemistry
·
2026
·
IF 15.6
Jia Sun,Chunyu Zhang,Hang Song,Yu Kang,Zhenqing Zhang,Yujia Han,Lu Shang,Lixue Zhang,Xiaoli Yang,Yi Cui
The sluggish water dissociation kinetics and suboptimal hydrogen adsorption on Ru-based catalysts remain major challenges for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Constructing spatially coupled yet functionally distinct active sites through metal-support interaction (MSI) offers a promising route to overcome these intrinsic kinetic limitations. Herein, a pathway-controlled defect engineering strategy is developed, in which carbon is introduced in situ during oxide reduction to generate oxygen-vacancy-rich MoO 2− x supports and thereby establish strong MSI with Ru. Structural and spectroscopic analyses reveal that oxygen vacancies in MoO 2− x preferentially adsorb and activate interfacial water, while defect-mediated MSI electronically modulates Ru to optimize *H binding. In situ attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) and density functional theory calculations collectively demonstrate that this interfacial synergy induces strong water-support interactions, effectively lowering the Volmer-step energy barrier under alkaline conditions. As a result, Ru/C-MoO 2− x -800 delivers outstanding alkaline HER performance, achieving an overpotential of 23 mV at 10 mA cm −2 with a Tafel slope of 35 mV dec −1 . The catalyst sustains stable operation for 1000 h at an application-relevant current density of 250 mA cm −2 in an anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer (AEMWE). This work establishes defect-regulated MSI as an effective design principle for decoupling water activation and hydrogen adsorption in alkaline HER. Tailored oxygen vacancy engineering strengthens Ru-MoO 2− x metal-support interactions and regulates interfacial water activation and hydrogen adsorption energetics, enabling efficient and durable alkaline hydrogen evolution. Download: Download high-res image (210KB) Download: Download full-size image
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2025
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IF 7.3
Xiangyang Cao,Xiaohu Sun,Ganghua Zhou,Yuqi Gao,Yubo Zhou,Xiaozhi Wang,Jianjian Yi
Crystal phase engineering provides a promising strategy for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance, yet the precise impact of phase structure on activity requires further exploration. In this study, hcp- and fcc-phase Ru nanoparticles were synthesized via precursor and solvent-controlled reduction processes and integrated with TiO2. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution tests reveal that hcp-Ru/TiO2 achieves the highest H2 production rate of 23.52 μmol/h, surpassing fcc-Ru/TiO2 (11.18 μmol/h) and bare TiO2 (4.72 μmol/h). Electrochemical and photophysical analyses demonstrate that hcp-Ru/TiO2 exhibits superior charge separation and transfer efficiency, as evidenced by the lowest charge transfer resistance, highest photocurrent response, and prolonged fluorescence lifetime. Theoretical calculations further confirm that hcp-Ru offers optimal hydrogen adsorption energy (ΔGH* = −0.14 eV), contributing to reduced overpotential and enhanced catalytic activity. This work underscores the critical role of Ru crystal phases in driving photocatalytic performance and provides new insights into phase engineering for sustainable energy applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源化学
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催化科学
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Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2025
·
IF 9.5
Su Le,Xiaokang Chen,Yi Tan,Wei-Qiao Deng,Hao Wu,Xiangyang Miao
Ru-based catalysts are recognized as one of the most advanced materials for acidic oxygen evolution reactions (OER). Nonetheless, their vulnerability to over-oxidation into soluble RuO4 during catalytic processes presents considerable challenges for their long-term stability. To address the issue of Ru atom leaching within the lattice, a Ru-based high entropy alloy electrocatalyst (HEA/PANI-CP) has been synthesized on polyaniline-modified carbon paper utilizing an innovative "thermal shock" technique. This method employs compositional engineering to amplify the high entropy effects, thereby effectively suppressing element diffusion and controlling the migration energies of active Ru sites. Consequently, the catalyst demonstrates a significant decrease in elemental dissolution, which contributes to enhanced stability during the OER. Importantly, the HEA catalyst exhibits remarkable performance, achieving an overpotential of 258 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 while exhibiting extraordinary stability with minimal degradation over 300 hours of operation. These results position the HEA/PANI-CP as a leading candidate for acid-stable OER catalysts, offering a promising avenue for the advancement of durable Ru-based electrocatalysts.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
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2022
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IF 24.319
Lixia Ge,Minghuang Qiu,Yanfeng Zhu,Shuai Yang,Wenqian Li,Wanting Li,Zheng Jiang,Xinqing Chen
Liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) are promising hydrogen carriers that play an important role in the hydrogen economy. However, designing an efficient catalyst for realizing hydrogen storage with cost-effective and low-temperature is still a great challenge. Herein, we report a Ru single-atoms supported on *BEA zeolite catalyst (Ru(Na)/Beta), with the assistance of hydrogen spillover, which can remarkably enhance the hydrogenation of N-ethylcarbazole(NEC), N-propylcarbazole(NPC) and 2-methylindole (2-MID) at lower temperatures with lower Ru content (0.5 wt%). Notably, the obtained Ru(Na)/Beta catalyst exhibits excellent activity in the hydrogenation of NEC with the hydrogen uptake of 5.69 wt% and a conversion rate of > 99% within 1.5 h for the 6 MPa H 2 at 100 °C, whereas the hydrogen uptake on traditional Ru/Al 2 O 3 is only 2.97 wt% with the conversion rate of 67 % under the same conditions. It is found that highly dispersed Ru single-atoms boost hydrogen activation and the strong acid sites (Brønsted and Lewis) of zeolites promote the hydrogen spillover on the hydrogenation with N-heterocycles. Moreover, the synergistic effect of Ru single atoms and *BEA zeolite is crucial for accelerating the hydrogenation rate and lowering the activation energy (45.7 vs. 88.3 kJ/mol) compared with traditional Ru-based catalysts.
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COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
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2025
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IF 5.6
Wenjie Ma,Ru Jia,Huixing Li,Lanlan Dong,Wurikaixi Aiyiti,Cijun Shuai,Chongxian He
Transplantation-related bacterial infections often slow new tissue regeneration and even cause transplant failure. Sonodynamic therapy is a promising antibacterial method, which kills bacteria by triggering sonosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Nevertheless, the generation efficiency of ROS is hindered by the fast electron-hole pair recombination in sonosensitizers and the hypoxic of bacteria microenvironment. Herein, ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru NPs) are grown in-situ on the oxygen vacancies-rich barium titanate nanoparticles (BTOv NPs) to form a Schottky heterojunction. The resulting BTOv-Ru NPs as sonosensitizers is uniformly distributed with poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) powders to fabricate ultrasound-responsive scaffolds via selective laser sintering. On the one hand, the Schottky heterojunction facilitates electron injection from BTOv to Ru, while the resultant charge separation significantly suppresses electron-hole recombination. On the other hand, the catalase-like activity of Ru catalyzes the overexpressed hydrogen peroxide to generate O 2 to achieve O 2 self-supply. This not only alleviates hypoxia but also facilitates the oxygen vacancies of BTOv adsorb more O 2 to generate ROS. The results confirmed PLLA/BTOv-Ru scaffold generated numerous ROS and exhibited excellent antibacterial effects under ultrasonic irradiation, with inhibiting E. coli (89.3 %) and S. aureus (88.1 %). This O 2 self-supplying sonodynamic therapy shows great promise in antibacterial treatment.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
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纳米医学
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感染控制
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组织工程
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声动力治疗
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抗菌材料
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POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2025
·Vol. 36
·期 2
·e70110
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IF 3.4
Bingqian Wang,Ting Huo,Wan Xu,Xiaojian Ou,Yuanjun Sun,Yanjun Cui,Yongsheng Xiang,Zhenbin Chen
The porous thermosensitive imprinted polymer of MW-Ru(IV)-TIIP was prepared in a short time with the aid of a microwave. The structure and morphology of MW-Ru(IV)-TIIP were characterized by ATR-FTIR, SEM-EDS, and BET. The thermosensitive block PDEA- b -P(DEA- co -AM) was introduced into the imprinted polymer preparation system. N-MAM and AA were selected as functional monomers, and stable HIPE Pickering emulsions were prepared under high-speed stirring, combined with multi-field coupling technology. The synthesis process of MW-Ru(IV)-TIIP was studied, and the dosages of template ion, functional monomer, and cross-linking agent, as well as microwave power, polymerization temperature, and polymerization time, were optimized. Under optimal technological conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity of MW-Ru(IV)-TIIP reached 0.20 mmol L −1 at 33°C, and adsorption equilibrium was reached within 240 min. Theoretical studies showed that the adsorption of MW-Ru(IV)-TIIP conformed to the quasi-first-order kinetic model and the Langmuir model. When MW-Ru(IV)-TIIP was applied to a diluted platinum group catalyst leaching solution, its adsorption capacity for MW-Ru(IV)-TIIP to Ru was 0.23 mmol L −1 , and the purity of platinum group metals increased from 53.72% to 76.43% after one adsorption/desorption cycle. After 11 reuses, the adsorption capacity maintained 70.06% of the original capacity, indicating that MW-Ru(IV)-TIIP had good potential in industrial applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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