Chemistry-An Asian Journal
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2026
·Vol. 21
·期 4
·e00988
·
IF 3.2
Kiet Le Anh Cao,Oktaviardi Bityasmawan Abdillah,Tomoyuki Hirano,Eka Lutfi Septiani,Takashi Ogi
The accelerating rise of atmospheric CO 2 remains a central driver of global climate change, highlighting the urgent need for scalable and energy‐efficient carbon capture technologies. Porous carbons are among the most promising solid adsorbents due to their high surface area, chemical stability, and tunable pore structures, which facilitate efficient CO 2 adsorption and low regeneration energy. Lignin is a renewable aromatic by‐product of the pulp and paper industry, which offers exceptional promise as a sustainable carbon source due to its abundance (50–70 Mt/year), high carbon content (>60 wt%), and rich aromatic structure. Unlike previous reviews broadly covering biomass‐derived carbons, this review focuses on recent advances in lignin‐derived porous carbons for CO 2 capture, correlating preparation strategies with structural evolution and adsorption performance. Chemical activation, templating, and hybrid methods enable precise control of ultramicropores (<0.7 nm), mesoporous channels, and heteroatom functionalities, which synergistically determine adsorption capacity, selectivity, and regeneration energy. Emerging approaches such as amine functionalization introduce strong chemisorption sites for post‐combustion and direct‐air capture, while AI‐assisted design accelerates understanding of synthesis–property–performance relationships. Despite remarkable progress, remaining challenges in feedstock variability, scalability, and greener process development are discussed along with future prospects for sustainable CO 2 capture using lignin‐derived porous carbons. Lignin‐derived porous carbons offer a sustainable and scalable route for high‐performance CO 2 capture. By tailoring ultramicroporosity, hierarchical pore networks, and heteroatom functionalities through chemical activation, templating, and hybrid methods, adsorption capacity and selectivity can be optimized. This review correlates. synthesis–structure–performance relationships to enable the rational design of scalable, energy‐efficient carbon capture materials for circular carbon technologies.
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Food Packaging and Shelf Life
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2026
·
IF 10.8
Guitao Du,Xiaoqian Zhang,Jie Zou,Hao Hu,Yuqing Sun,Zepeng Lei,Xiaohui Wang
Achieving sustainable superhydrophobic surfaces remains a major challenge due to the pervasive use of fluorinated, silane, or nanoparticle-based modifiers that rely on toxic or non-degradable components and organic solvents. Here, we report an all-biomass, aqueous strategy for constructing multifunctional superhydrophobic coatings based on lignin-containing dissolution-regenerated nanocellulose (LDNC). LDNC, prepared via the co-dissolution and co-regeneration of cellulose and lignin, exhibits excellent water dispersibility and amphiphilicity. This unique structure enables stable emulsification of beeswax and facile spray fabrication of an all-biobased superhydrophobic coating. The resulting coated paper exhibits excellent water resistance and moisture barrier properties, effectively preventing food deterioration under high humidity and extending shelf life. Additional functionalities such as photothermal de-icing and antibacterial activity are imparted, making the coating highly suitable for food packaging. Together, this work introduces a solvent-free, fully bio-based pathway to superhydrophobic coatings, bridging functionality with sustainability and offering a scalable route toward next-generation green surface protection and packaging materials.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
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2026
·
IF 8.7
Jingzhi Wu,Yaobin Huang,Xinming An,Yaqing Yin,Youyan Liu
Lignin-based nanoparticles enable covalent immobilization of lipase. • Biocatalytic nanoparticles stabilize Pickering emulsion interfaces. • Pickering emulsion biocatalysis epoxidizes limonene with stoichiometric H₂O₂. • Pickering emulsion interfacial system offers sustained catalyst recyclability. Chemoenzymatic epoxidation is a green route for terpene conversion but suffers from a fundamental trade-off. The high hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) loads required to overcome mass transfer paradoxically leads to severe enzyme inactivation. Herein, a lignin-based Pickering interfacial biocatalytic (PIB) system was constructed by covalently immobilizing Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) onto functionalized lignin nanoparticles (CGPALPs). The resulting CGPALPs exhibit enhanced structural stability and oxidative resistance, retaining 71.4% of their activity after 12 h exposure to 1 M H₂O₂. Remarkably, this PIB system operates efficiently at a stoichiometric oxidant ratio (H₂O₂/limonene = 2:1). It achieves 92.97% limonene conversion and 92.23% total epoxide yield within 12 h. Most importantly, it delivers a 41.8% yield of limonene diepoxide without any excess H₂O₂, a result unattainable in chemoenzymatic biphasic systems. The system also demonstrates efficient H₂O₂ utilization (94.13%) and excellent reusability, maintaining over 80% activity after seven cycles. By integrating covalent enzyme immobilization with Pickering emulsion design, this work provides a sustainable and generalizable strategy to resolve the long-standing conflict between enzyme stability and mass transfer in chemoenzymatic epoxidation of hydrophobic substrates. Download: Download high-res image (138KB) Download: Download full-size image
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
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2026
·
IF 9.6
Yuehan Li,Yan Wang,Yue Qiao,Xian Liu,Hong Wang,Shichao Zhang,Xinru Yin,Xiaoxiong Wang,Ping Han,Zheng Gu
A lignin-based hydrogel sensor was developed, combining high mechanical strength, self-adhesion, and sensitivity. • Incorporation of tannic acid-modified lignin (TA@AL) to construct a triple dynamic cross-linking network. • The high-strain-sensing PTL x hydrogel can accurately monitor subtle physiological changes. Flexible strain sensors hold considerable potential for human-machine interaction and health monitoring, yet conventional single-network systems often suffer from brittleness, limited durability, and insufficient multifunctionality. Herein, a multifunctional polyacrylamide (PAAm)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite hydrogel incorporating tannic acid-modified lignin (TA@AL) is developed via a simple one-pot polymerization followed by Fe 3+ post-impregnation. A hierarchical triple-network structure is constructed, consisting of (i) a covalent PAAm backbone, (ii) a physically interpenetrated PVA network stabilized by hydrogen bonding, and (iii) a dynamic metal–phenol coordination network between TA@AL and Fe 3+ . Owing to this synergistic architecture, the hydrogel exhibits a high tensile strength of 115 kPa, a fracture strain of ∼900%, and a toughness of 0.45 MJ m −3 , together with robust adhesion and high ionic conductivity (0.75 S m −1 ). Density functional theory (DFT D3) calculations further reveal the coordination energetics between FeCl 3 and different polymer ligands, demonstrating that multidentate coordination in the PAAm/PVA/TA system provides strong yet dynamic binding, which underpins efficient energy dissipation and mechanical robustness. Benefiting from the coupled mechanical and electrical properties, the hydrogel functions as a high-performance strain sensor with high sensitivity, fast response, and excellent cycling stability, enabling accurate detection of both large-amplitude joint motions and subtle physiological signals such as swallowing and handwriting. This work not only offers an effective strategy for lignin valorization but also provides a molecular-to-macroscopic design framework for high-strength, conductive, and multifunctional hydrogels for wearable and biomedical applications. Download: Download high-res image (199KB) Download: Download full-size image
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APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
·
2026
·
IF 4.8
Xiaolu Wang,Yu Gao,Daqian Ding,Jianxiu Hao,Na Li,Yanpeng Ban,Keduan Zhi,Huacong Zhou,Xing Zhou,Weijie Zhao,Quansheng Liu
The W ₁ V ₃ Oₓ catalyst can catalyze the depolymerization of lignin into aromatic compounds in cyclohexane under H 2 atmosphere. • The W 1 V 3 Ox catalyst has weak and medium acidic sites that promote C O bond hydrogenation and deoxidation. • The Lewis acid sites played a critical role in the cleavage and hydrogenation of C–C bonds. • Raman indicated W and V interacted in the form of V-O-W. • DFT showed V-O-W can activate the C O and C-C bonds. Efficient utilization of lignin resources are critical for sustainable development of human, but the selective conversion of lignin to valuable aromatic chemicals still faces challenges. Herein, a novel W 1 V 3 O x catalyst was designed and prepared via one-pot hydrothermal strategy, which exhibited high catalytic activity towards the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of oxygen-containing lignin models and dealkaline lignin. For the model compound, diphenylethanone achieved a conversion of 99.9% and total yields of 98.2% with diphenylethane as the dominant product (yield 84.1%, selectivity 84.2%). Other major byproducts included toluene (yield 9.9%, selectivity 9.9%), diphenylethylene (yield 2.4%, selectivity 2.4%), and methylcyclohexane (yield 1.8%, selectivity 1.8%) at 250 °C. Common oxygen-containing lignin models can be converted into corresponding aromatic compounds. This active catalyst was also applicable to dealkaline lignin upgradation. Using lignin macromolecules as the substrate, the yield of phenolic compounds from lignin reached 71.2%, the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons reached 12.3%, and the yield of saturated hydrocarbons reached 5.2%, with total conversion of lignin. The W 1 V 3 O x catalyst exhibited good recyclability in the HDO process for both diphenylethanone and lignin, observed after five continuous runs. Characterization results revealed that the synergistic effect between W and V increased weak and moderate strength acidic sites, which proved beneficial for activating and cleaving C O and C-C bonds. DFT calculation results indicated that the W 1 V 3 O x catalyst possessed Lewis acidity, which facilitated the activation of C O and C-C bonds in diphenylethanone through adsorption. The synergistic effect of W and V could lower the C α -C β bond energy barrier, thereby promoting the conversion of diphenylethanone and the depolymerization of lignin. The research provided a novel and efficient W 1 V 3 O x catalyst for lignin valorization. Download: Download high-res image (123KB) Download: Download full-size image The W₁V₃Oₓ catalyst can catalyze the depolyerization of lignin into aromatic compounds in cyclohexane under H 2 atmosphere with depolymerization degree of 99.9% and the yield of phenolic compounds from lignin reached 71.2%, the yield of aromatic hydrocarbons reached 12.3%, and the yield of saturated hydrocarbons reached 5.2%.
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BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
·
2026
·
IF 7
Ziji Deng,Jun Xu,Shiyun Zhu,Maowang Zou,Bin Wang,Wei Zhang,Fengshan Zhang
Carbon-based solid acid catalysts via traditional sulfonation suffer from high energy consumption, severe equipment corrosion, and large acid dosage, which can be solved by proton exchange. In this study, a green macroporous lignin-based carbon solid acid catalyst LS a SS b H was developed. The catalyst's macroporous framework was co-constructed by sodium lignosulfonate (LS), sodium p-aminobenzenesulfonate, and ammonium sulfate via ice-templating, retained after 300 °C low-temperature carbonization. Incompletely decomposed -SO 3 Na groups in the precursor were converted to -SO 3 H active sites via proton exchange, replacing high-temperature sulfonation. This catalyst not only possesses a total acid density of 5.46 mmol/g and a sulfonic acid density of 0.36 mmol/g, but also features a macroporous structure ranging from 60 to 1000 nm. It exhibits excellent performance in catalyzing the conversion of high-concentration fructose (15.4 wt%) to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in DMSO system, achieving a maximum HMF yield of 86.9% under reaction conditions of 150 °C for 120 min, and maintaining a yield of over 70% even after six cycles. Combined with quantum mechanics calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, the formation mechanism of the macroporous carbon framework was clarified. Meanwhile, it was confirmed that the S and N heteroatom doping introduced by sodium p-aminobenzenesulfonate and ammonium sulfate had a positive regulatory effect on the catalytic reaction. Compared to the sulfonation method, solid acids obtained through proton exchange not only retain excellent catalytic activity but are also more environmentally friendly.
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AICHE JOURNAL
·
2026
·
IF 4.4
Suyu Zhang,Yongjian Zeng,Chen Zeng,Shuya Jia,Zhiwei Jiang,Peirong Chen,Hector F. Garces,Xiaolei Zhang,Ulrich Simon,Kai Yan
2-Methoxy-4-methylphenol (MMP), a biofuel and flavor, can be produced from lignin-derived vanillin via hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). Herein, CuPd nanoalloys were confined within SBA-15 for vanillin HDO. By tuning Cu/Pd mass ratio, a volcano-like trend in MMP yield and apparent turnover frequency (TOF) was observed. The optimized CuPd nanoalloy catalyst (Cu/Pd = 1) occupied the top position, achieving 96.3% MMP yield within 3 h, with the TOF of 323.5 h −1 , 3 times than that of monometallic Cu catalyst, while other CuPd nanoalloy catalysts, positioned either side, exhibited lower activities. Moreover, it maintained HDO activity over 20 runs, far beyond typical Cu catalysts (~5 runs). Fabricated via microwave-assisted strategy, the catalysts were confirmed by X-ray absorption fine structure and density functional theory calculations to form CuPd nanoalloys with Pd δ- and Cu δ+ pairs, enabling H 2 dissociation and C=O bond activation. This work demonstrates an efficient approach to robust and stable nanoalloy catalysts for biomass upgrading.
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ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2026
·
IF 7.6
Haibin Gou,Yu Liu,Shuaihao Sun,Haiyun Huang,Chenguang Wang,Haiyong Wang,Yuhe Liao
Production of jet fuels from renewable biomass is key to decarbonizing the aviation sector. In this work, valorization of the aromatic macromolecule lignin in plant biomass toward monocyclic and fused bicyclic alkanes was proposed. The lignin was first depolymerized toward prop-1-enyl-substituted monomers with high selectivity (>70%) using ethanol as the solvent in the absence of external H2. Alkylation of these monomers with hemicellulose-derived 2-methylfuran using solid acids such as Amberlyst 35 generated alkylation products (yield >80%) along with a small amount of dimers. The alkylation products can be hydrodeoxygenated toward monocyclic alkanes using Ru/C and zeolites, where the product distribution can be controlled by the microporosity of the zeolite. C14 is the major product using Ru/C and mordenite (MOR). The Friedel–Crafts dealkylation of the alkylation products can occur by using Beta and Y zeolites, leading to the formation of more C9. Using the same acid catalyst (i.e., Amberlyst 35) can almost quantitatively convert these monomers toward dimers, which can be hydrodeoxygenated toward fused bicyclic alkanes in the presence of hydrogenation catalysts and zeolites. However, the product distribution can be determined by the activity of the hydrogenation catalyst. C18 was obtained with high yield (>90%) using Pd/C and zeolites such as MOR and alkaline-treated Beta zeolite (Beta-AT). However, C12 was the dominant product (yield of 77.5%) using Raney Ni and alkaline-treated Beta-AT. This work paves a new way for the production of high-density cycloalkanes from recalcitrant lignin.
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JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
·
2026
·
IF 6.5
Chenyu Duan,Zihan Liu,Wuyu Wang,Yongtong Zhang,Xinghua Zhang,Longlong Ma
The development of efficient non-noble metal catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignin-derived phenolic compounds is critical for biomass valorisation. In this work, unsupported Fe-based nanocatalysts were systematically investigated to uncover the intrinsic active sites and eliminate support-induced complexities during the HDO of phenolic compounds. It was found that catalytic activity is positively correlated with the relative fraction of the metallic Fe 0 phase. Among the catalysts evaluated, zero-valent nano-Fe (50 nm) exhibited the highest performance, achieving complete phenol conversion with a 97% cyclohexane yield at 300 °C and 4 MPa H 2 after 20 h. Based on the characterisation results, this superior activity is not solely dependent on the geometric surface area, but is intrinsically driven by the synergy of an ultrathin surface passivation layer and a high density of exposed zero-valent iron (Fe 0 ) defect sites. Furthermore, surface interactions were elucidated via density functional theory (DFT) calculations, revealing robust parallel adsorption and effective activation of the aromatic ring on the Fe (110) surface. Additionally, catalyst stability, phase evolution, and broad applicability for various lignin-derived substrates were systematically examined. These findings establish a fundamental baseline for the intrinsic activity of pure Fe nanoparticles, providing theoretical guidance for the rational design of support-free non-precious metal catalysts.
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Polymers
·
2025
·Vol. 17
·期 12
·1658
·
IF 4.9
Chenkun Yu,Ze Liang,Ruoyao Zhou,Tingting Gao,Zhaojiang Wang,Xiaoxia Cai,Qian Lu,Cong Li,Jinshui Yao,Qinze Liu
Chromium (III) ions are essential for biological functions, whereas chromium (VI) ions (Cr (VI)) pose toxicity risks to both humans and animals. Therefore, it is crucial to remove these ions from industrial sources. In this work, to remove hazardous Cr (VI) from wastewater or convert it to Cr (III), catechol-modified alkali lignin (CAL) was prepared using catechol, acetone, and alkali lignin, which is a byproduct in the paper-pulping process. The sample was characterized using a combination of techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Various factors influencing the adsorption behavior of CAL were investigated. The adsorption behavior aligns with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and adheres to the Langmuir isotherm model. CAL simultaneously achieves Cr (VI) adsorption (498.4 mg/g) and reduction (54.6% to Cr (III)), surpassing single-function lignin adsorbents by integrating catechol’s redox capacity with lignin’s structural stability, which is another way to efficiently utilize Cr (VI) solutions. The mechanism of adsorption and reduction is discussed, which is influenced by its functional groups. In brief, this method paves a new path for the utilization of alkali lignin and provides novel opportunities for the removal of Cr (VI) contamination.
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Advanced Science
·
2025
·
IF 14.1
Zewei Ye,Haomeng Yu,Hongxia Xie,Wenwen Zhu,Shitao Shi,Chencong Liu,Yuanyuan Wang,Jiaqi Liao,Qingfeng Sun,Dawei Zhao,Xiaoping Shen
Ionogel intended for fire environments encounters considerable challenges stemming from intrinsic limitations, such as inadequate heat resistance and potential damage to their structural networks. Here, a glycol lignin ionogel (GLI) with integrated flame-retardant, waterproof, and sensing capabilities for smart firefighting auxiliary equipment is presented. The ionogel, synthesized from the molecular network construction of Gly-lignin, 1-butyl-3-vinylimidazole tetrafluoroborate (BVIMBF 4 ), and benzyl methacrylate (BZMA), forms a stable and elastic 3D conductive network through both chemical and physical crosslinking. This structure imparts remarkable mechanical properties, including considerable adhesion (30.4 kPa on flame-retardant gloves), tensile strength (5.8 MPa), and high ionic conductivity. Notably, through the formation of a protective carbonized/B₂O₃ layer and chemical barrier gases during combustion, the ionogel exhibits excellent flame retardancy, with a weight loss of 41.8% at 800 °C. Additionally, GLI achieves real-time thermal sensing via its negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior (TCR = −0.58% °C −1 ). Even after exposure to fire, GLI retains its temperature and motion-sensing capabilities. Moreover, GLI demonstrates favorable biocompatibility and environmental degradability, broadening its applicability in sustainable and wearable electronics. The work provides new insights for the preparation of the next generation of fireproof multifunctional intelligent sensors.
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Water Research X
·
2025
·
IF 8.2
Weihong Xu,Haibei Li,Zhongwei Yang,Tianjiao Chen,Shuqing Zhou,Yue Zhao,Danyang Shi,Dong Yang,Junwen Li,Min Jin
High turbidity, attributed to suspended solids and colloidal particles, can lead to microbiological control failure during water disinfection. Lignin, a naturally occurring particle suspended in water, may contribute to turbidity. However, its ability to adsorb bacteria and protect them from chlorination remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated Escherichia coli inactivation by NaClO in the presence and absence of natural particles. Among the five tested microparticles, lignin significantly enhanced E. coli survival under NaClO exposure, diminishing its bactericidal effect. Furthermore, surviving bacteria showed upregulation of gene expression related to energy metabolism and oxidative stress, as indicated by transcriptional analysis and qPCR measurements. These findings were further supported by increased ATP content, decreased ROS levels, and a prolonged lag phase in growth curves, enabling bacteria to rapidly restore their growth activity. Further analysis revealed that E. coli binds to the surface of lignin through hydrophobic interactions involving hydroxyl, methyl, aromatic rings, and ether groups. Lignin exhibited a strong bacterial adsorption capacity, as described by pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetics and the Freundlich model, leading to reduced membrane permeability to NaClO. Importantly, the protective effect of lignin on bacteria was positively correlated with its hydrophobicity, with greater hydrophobicity resulting in enhanced bacterial protection. These findings suggest that lignin significantly increases E. coli resistance to chlorination, potentially contributing to disinfection failure in water treatment. This study highlights the role of lignin as a potential hazard that compromises microbiological control, offering new insights into chlorination failure caused by turbidity.
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