INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
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2022
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IF 6.449
Bo Wang,Kai Li,Cheng-bo Zhang,Bin Hu,Yan-qin Huang,Ti-peng Wang,Qiang Lu
This study was dedicated to enhancing the generation of levoglucosenone (LGO) from catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose by optimizing its ultrastructure. Cellulose was pretreated by Na 2 CO 3 solutions with different concentrations and Amberlyst-15 (A-15) under different temperatures, respectively. The influences of pretreatment on the cellulose ultrastructure, especially its degree of polymerization (DP) and crystallinity index (CrI), were characterized. The catalytic pyrolysis experiments of pretreated cellulose were conducted with activated carbon as the catalyst to clarify the regulatory functions of ultrastructure on the LGO formation. Na 2 CO 3 pretreatment could decrease CrI of cellulose remarkably and DP slightly. At the low Na 2 CO 3 concentration, the decrease of CrI could promote the generation of LGO, but the high Na 2 CO 3 concentration was detrimental to LGO formation because of the almost full transformation of cellulose I β to II. With the raising of temperature, A-15 pretreatment could increase the CrI and decrease the DP significantly, and the corresponding LGO yield showed a trend of gradual decrease. Moreover, the low CrI could lower the pyrolysis temperature, while the low DP could decrease the catalyst dosage for maximal LGO formation. The cellulose pretreated with 1 % Na 2 CO 3 solution was most appropriate for producing LGO, and the maximum LGO yield was 19.76 wt. %, higher than that of 18.04 wt. % from raw cellulose, while the corresponding pyrolysis temperature of 285 °C and catalyst/sample of 1/5 were lower than those of 300 °C and 1/3 from raw cellulose.
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Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2023
·
IF 11.1
Yulin Zhang,Guozhao Ji,Fahim Ullah,Aimin Li
The properties of tire pyrolysis oil are similar to diesel oil, but the high sulfur content in the pyrolysis oil limits its use in diesel engines . In this work, taking the boiling point range of traditional diesel oil as the cutting temperature, a fraction in the temperature range of 190–350 °C was obtained by distillation of tire pyrolysis oil (TPO 190–350 °C ). The sulfides in TPO 190–350 °C are mainly benzothiophene derivatives. And a simple and effective POM-based catalyst ([C 16 H 33 N(CH 3 ) 3 ] 3 PW 4 O 24 ) has been used in the oxidation desulfurization process for the removal of sulfur compounds from the oil. The catalyst played the role of transferring reactive oxygen species atoms on H 2 O 2 to sulfur compounds . The benzothiophene , dibenzothiophene , and 4,6-dimethyl-dibenzothiophene (500 ppm S) in model oil could be converted to the corresponding sulfone within 1 h at 40 °C. Even if the sulfur content was increased to 2000 ppm, the catalyst exhibited well catalytic performance under the same conditions. The catalyst could be recycled and reused with no loss of desulfurization efficiency. Distillation could effectively reduce the presence of olefins in the oil leading to reduce oxidation performance during the oxidation desulfurization process (ODS). In the subsequent desulfurization experiments of TPO 190–350 °C , a high desulfurization efficiency (91.28%) was achieved for TPO 190–350 °C , with initial sulfur contents of 11033 ppm declining to 961 ppm.
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高影响因子
ENERGY
·
2022
·
IF 8.857
Chao Li,Yuannian Li,Yuchen Jiang,Lijun Zhang,Shu Zhang,Kuan Ding,Bin Li,Shuang Wang,Xun Hu
Bio-oil is a complex mixture of organics and each group of chemicals has a varied response to pyrolysis temperatures. This was investigated via the staged pyrolysis of poplar sawdust, cellulose , and lignin by consecutively increasing temperature to 250, 350, 450, and 550 °C, respectively. The results showed that 350 °C was the boundary temperature for formation of majority of organics from sawdust and cellulose and more than half of organics from lignin. The further increase of temperature to 550 °C mainly promoted the aromatization of reaction intermediates from aliphatic components. The staged pyrolysis also facilitated the charring reactions, generating the bio-oil with more light organics including anhydrate sugars, ketones, aldehydes, and phenolics . The enhanced charring reactions promoted the carbonization reactions via deoxygenation , making biochar carbon-rich and thermally more stable. Additionally, the staged pyrolysis also impacted the morphologies and evolution of the functionalities of biochar via influencing the volatile-char interactions.
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高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2022
·
IF 4.132
Yinchun Fang,Jianguo Wu,Weihao Sun,Xinhua Liu
Xuan paper with outstanding cultural and artistic values is one of the most precious Chinese handmade papers and is widely used in traditional calligraphy and painting. However, the highly combustible cellulosic raw materials of Xuan paper present potential fire hazards. Ammonium phytate (AP) originating from biosourced phytic acid has been used for the flame-retardant treatment of Chinese Xuan paper by facile spray coating. The limiting oxygen index value of the treated Xuan paper increased to higher than 40%, demonstrating that the flammability of Xuan paper was greatly reduced by this treatment. The excellent flame retardancy afforded by this treatment was confirmed by cone calorimetry. TGA was used to demonstrate that the presence of AP changed the thermal decomposition process to promote char formation during the degradation of Xuan paper. The flame-retardant mode of action of phytate-coated Xuan paper was investigated using TG-FTIR, SEM, and XPS spectra. A P–N cooperative effect was proposed to account for both the condensed phase and gas-phase flame-retardant actions. The phosphorus component promotes char formation in the condensed phase, while the nitrogen component releases inert species to dilute the fuel load in the gas phase. The ink-wetting property of the coated Xuan paper was influenced negligibly by the coating process. The development of fire-resistant Xuan paper using ecofriendly flame retardants through simple and convenient spray coating has been demonstrated.
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PubMed
高影响因子
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
·
2022
·
IF 5.767
Guanyi Chen,Weimeng Ding,Zhanjun Cheng,Jinglan Wang,Lili Xing,Wang Li,Yunrui He,Fawei Lin,Jiuzhong Yang,Long Zhao,Beibei Yan
Isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) is not only the main component in gasoline and a potential fuel additive, but also is considered an important precursor of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. To better understand the isoprene pyrolysis process , the pyrolysis experiments of isoprene in a flow reactor were performed at p = 30 Torr for T = 1056 – 1446 K, and p = 760 Torr for T = 850 – 1231 K. More than twenty pyrolysis species, especially radicals (methyl, propargyl, and but‑2‑yne-1-yl), isomers (allene/propyne, buta-1,2,3-triene/vinylacetylene, 1,3-butadiene/1-butyne), and aromatics (benzene, toluene, phenylacetylene, styrene , indene, and naphthalene), were identified and their mole fraction profiles were measured using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry . The potential energy surfaces of the unimolecular decomposition, H/CH 3 -abstraction, and H/CH 3 -addition reactions of isoprene were also calculated using quantum chemical calculations at the CBS-QB3 level. Based on the experimental and theoretical results, a detailed kinetic model was developed and validated against the pyrolysis experimental dataset of isoprene from this work and Grajales-González et al. H-addition reactions on the double bond and H-abstraction reactions by H/CH 3 radicals controlled the consumption of isoprene. The C–H bond dissociation reaction on the –CH 3 was the dominant unimolecular reaction in comparison with the isomerization reactions. Abundant aromatics were produced in isoprene pyrolysis, especially at atmospheric pressure, which is ascribed to the high-level concentration of C(2)–C(4) hydrocarbons formation, such as acetylene, ethylene, allene, propyne , 1,3-butadiene, etc.
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FUEL
·
2022
·
IF 8.035
Junjie Weng,Zhanjun Cheng,Yi Zhang,Chao Jiang,Lin Long,Jian Wang,Jianfeng Pan
The co-utilization of hydrogen-rich plastic and biomass can upgrade bio-oil. This process was further developed by adding catalysts to the co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic. In this work, thermal and catalytic co-pyrolysis of hemicellulose and polypropylene (PP) was investigated by TG combined with mass spectrometry, which is characterized by in-situ online detection for pyrolysis products. The intrinsic interaction as well as the reaction mechanism were revealed for the catalytic co-pyrolysis. The results show that CaO catalyst can enhance xylan decomposition and increase the production of small alkene from PP. The formation of olefins and furan compounds can be promoted significantly by CaO catalyst. Besides hydrocarbon pool mechanism, Diels-Alder reaction further contributes to additional aromatics formation. This work provides detailed reaction information, which can help to further understand the mechanism of catalytic co-pyrolysis of biomass and plastic.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2022
·
IF 9.965
Hao Zhang,Duxia Cao,Xiao Cheng,Ruifang Guan,Chuanjian Zhou
A novel and simple approach of using amide salt pyrolysis to produce photoluminescent (multi-excitation and single color emission) graphene nanosheets ( GNs ) with a thickness of <1 nm and a diameter of about 100–200 nm is described herein. It has characteristics of high water solubility, low toxicity, easy manufacturing, etc., and has potential application prospects in analytical chemistry and biomedicine.
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2022
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IF 6.437
Zijun Yi,Chao Li,Lijun Zhang,Shu Zhang,Wenran Gao,Shuang Wang,Bin Li,Xun Hu
CO 2 can be used to activate biomass for production of activated carbon at high temperatures (usually above 700 °C). At typical pyrolysis temperatures, CO 2 might also involve in biomass pyrolysis , which was investigated via pyrolysis of lignin at temperatures from 400 to 700 °C in N 2 and CO 2 atomsphere, respectively. The results suggested that CO 2 interfered with the pyrolysis process, facilitating formation of bio-oil and biochar but not gases via suppressing further gasification of volatiles. This reserved more mono-ring phenolics in bio-oil and also formed more heavier phenolics through secondary condensation routes. As for biochar, CO 2 enhanced the aromatization process, generating the carbon-rich biochar of higher heating value . The in-situ characterization of the functionalities of biochar during pyrolysis suggested that CO 2 accelerated removal of the aliphatics like -OH, -C-H, C O, and C-O-C. This rendered the biochar of hydrophobic surface but less fragmentized structures than that obtained in N 2 .
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高影响因子
FUEL
·
2022
·
IF 8.035
Yujie Hou,Zongqing Bai,Hao Lu,Zhihao Feng,Tingting Zhang,Yuxing Jia,Zhenxing Guo,Lingxue Kong,Jin Bai,Wen Li
Low-cost kaolin was modified by calcination at different temperatures, followed by HCl leaching, and used as catalyst for in-situ upgrading of Hami coal pyrolysis volatiles in a fixed-bed reactor. The catalyst characteristics, pyrolysis product distributions and tar properties were investigated by multiple methods to understand the relationship between catalyst properties and tar quality. The results indicated that calcination of kaolin promoted the formation of amorphous metakaolin, then the HCl leaching removed most metakaolin framework Al, leading to the production of abundant micro-/mesopores and acid sites. As the rising calcination temperature, the specific surface area and pore volume of acid-modified kaolin (AMK) showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing, and the Brønsted acid sites (BAS) displayed an increasing trend. Compared to non-catalytic pyrolysis, the high specific surface area and certain acid sites of AMKs enhanced the light tar fraction from 37.81 wt% to 43.00–48.45 wt%, and the relative content of aromatics in tar increased from 9.76% to 16.65–22.11%, with monocyclic aromatics, naphthalenes and polycyclic aromatics increasing to 3.5–4.2, 1.2–1.8 and 2.1–3.3 times higher, respectively. AMKs also reduced the content of element O in tar by 17.92–31.54% by promoting the deoxygenation reaction. The tar upgrading performance was determined by the BAS amount and the pore structure of AMKs together. Among all AMKs, AMK800 (calcined at 800 °C and treated by HCl) exhibited the optimum performance for heavy tar conversion, aromatics generation and oxygen removal due to its highest specific surface area and the maximum BAS except AMK900. The acid-modified kaolin has the potential to be an inexpensive and efficient catalyst for future practical applications of upgrading coal pyrolysis tar.
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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2022
·Vol. 29
·期 54
·81760-81776
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IF 5.19
Yang Hang,Ding Zimao,Zou Yilingyun,Liu Yangxiya,Zhang Yi,Xia Shibin
In this work, second pyrolysis oil-based drill cutting ash (OBDCA-sp) was modified using NaOH and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), respectively. The modified OBDCA-sp was used as the novel adsorbent for adsorption of tetracycline (TC) in aqueous solutions. The original and modified OBDCA-sp were characterized by SEM, XRD, FTIR, zeta potential analysis, contact angle, and BET. The maximum theoretical adsorption quantity (45 ℃) for TC was calculated as 1.7 mg/g using CTAB-OBDCA-sp as the adsorbent. The adsorption isotherm of TC on OBDCA-sp was fitted well with Freundlich model and the adsorption kinetic was illustrated by pseudo-second-order model. Neutral condition was favorable for the adsorption of TC. The result of regeneration experiment indicated the reusability of OBDCA-sp. The hydrogen bonding was the possible mechanism for TC adsorption. This paper developed the novel surface modification methods of OBDCA-sp and provided an approach for the resource utilization of OBDCA-sp as an environmental functional material.
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PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
·
2022
·Vol. 147
·期 21
·12019-12032
·
IF 4.755
Wang Wen-He,Su Wei,Hu Shao-Yu,Huang Yan,Pan Yong,Chang Shun-Chieh,Shu Chi-Min
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a common polymer electrolyte matrix material whose pyrolysis characteristics are vital factors affecting the development of PMMA-based polymer electrolytes. In this study, four polymer electrolytes based on PMMA were prepared. Electrochemical workstation was used to verify the electrochemical performance of PMMA-based polymer electrolytes Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was adopted to assess the changes of pure polymer and polymer electrolyte groups, and the synchronous thermal analyzer was used to analyze the pyrolysis characteristics of PMMA-based polymer electrolytes. The apparent activation energy of PMMA-based polymer electrolyte was calculated by Kissinger method and FWO method, and the integral method Coats–Redfern was used to determine the pyrolysis mechanism function of the main pyrolysis stage. The results revealed that PMMA-based polymer electrolytes had two or three pyrolysis stages at high temperature. The PMMA composite gel polymer electrolyte had the highest thermal stability, whereas the gel polymer electrolyte had the lowest apparent activation energy. The apparent activation energy was 235.9 and 127.8 kJ mol −1 for PMMA composite electrolyte and PMMA gel polymer electrolyte, respectively. The main pyrolysis mechanism of PMMA-based polymer electrolytes was third-order reaction and three-dimensional diffusion reaction.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2021
·
IF 5.816
Wenjuan Li,Shuo Yu,Liang Zhang,Jianfa Chen,Weiguo Cao,Yanhua Lan
The pyrolysis and combustion mechanism of the hydrocarbon fuel has important scientific and practical significance. However, it is difficult to detect the whole intermediates and products using traditional methods, which brings trouble to the analysis of the reaction process. In this paper, the microscopic reaction mechanism and the main products of n- eicosane (C 20 H 42 ) were simulated based on the reactive force field molecular dynamics (ReaxFF-MD). The effects of temperature (2000–3500 K) and oxygen on the initial decomposition, the distribution of main products, and the reactive pathways of C 20 H 42 fuel were studied to determine its reaction mechanism. The initial decomposition of C 20 H 42 was mainly initiated by small alkyl radicals in pyrolysis, and by the oxygen-containing radicals in combustion. The participation of oxygen had a greater effect on accelerating the decomposition reaction . The reactions involving oxygen of C 20 H 42 initial decomposition accounted for 87.5% of the total reactions at 2000 K. Moreover, the detailed distribution and formation pathways of the main products of H 2 , C 2 H 4 , CH 4 , H 2 O, CO, and CO 2 were depicted to construct the overall reaction mechanism of C 20 H 42 . •H radical formed from the composition of C 2 H 4 was exactly consistent with the •H radical consumed by the generation of CH 4 and H 2 in the pyrolysis stage. The feasibility of the simulation method was verified by the result of thermal analysis. The results are helpful for further research on the reaction mechanism of hydrocarbon fuels.
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