CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2020
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IF 10.652
Yanyan Liu,Qiankun Zhao,Jun Yue,Chaoqun Yao,Guangwen Chen
The mass transfer of slug flow, a widely applied flow pattern in microreactors, is still difficult to predict mainly due to the competing nature between convection and diffusion. This work focused on the influence of the mixing mechanism on the mass transfer performance under gas–liquid and liquid–liquid slug flow, in both continuous slugs and dispersed droplets. Colorimetric study with the resazurin oxidation system was implemented, where the mass transfer resistance was constantly located in the aqueous phase. In the hydrophilic glass microreactor, the convection featured by intensive internal circulation and/or inter-slug leakage flow dominated diffusion, leading to nearly-constant k L a along the channel under given flow rates. However, in the hydrophobic PTFE capillary, the stagnant region constituted a significant share in the aqueous droplet, indicating the prominent role of diffusion against convection therein. As a result, k L a values decreased along the main channel length in fixed operating conditions. Accordingly, prediction models were respectively correlated depending on mixing mechanisms. Moreover, mass transfer contributions from the bubble and droplet formation stages were also investigated. This work is expected to shed light on judicious process design and reliable predictions in microreactor operations.
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Drug Design Development and Therapy
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2020
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IF 3.216
Feifei Chen,Hui Jiang,Jia Xu,Shuanghu Wang,Deru Meng,Peiwu Geng,Dapeng Dai,Quan Zhou,Yunfang Zhou
Purpose The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of vonoprazan on the pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine in vitro and in vivo.Methods The mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of vonoprazan on venlafaxine was investigated using rat liver microsomes. In vitro, the inhibition was evaluated by determining the production of O-desmethylvenlafaxine. Eighteen male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, vonoprazan (5 mg/kg) group, and vonoprazan (20 mg/kg) group. A single dose of 20 mg/kg venlafaxine was administrated to rats orally without or with vonoprazan. Plasma was prepared from blood samples collected via the tail vein at different time points and concentrations of venlafaxine and its metabolite, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Results We observed that vonoprazan could significantly decrease the amount of O-desmethylvenlafaxine (IC50 = 5.544 μM). Vonoprazan inhibited the metabolism of venlafaxine by a mixed inhibition, combining competitive and non-competitive inhibitory mechanisms. Compared with that in the control group (without vonoprazan), the pharmacokinetic parameters of venlafaxine and its metabolite, O-desmethylvenlafaxine, were significantly increased in both 5 and 20 mg/kg vonoprazan groups, with an increase in MRO-desmethylvenlafaxine.Conclusion Vonoprazan significantly alters the pharmacokinetics of venlafaxine in vitro and in vivo. Further investigations should be conducted to check these effects in humans. Therapeutic drug monitoring of venlafaxine in individuals undergoing venlafaxine maintenance therapy is recommended when vonoprazan is used concomitantly.
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BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
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2020
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IF 10.257
Bing Han,Lingjun Sha,Xiaomeng Yu,Mei Yang,Ya Cao,Jing Zhao
Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease among women worldwide. Nowadays, combined therapy against several therapeutic targets is becoming a promising treatment to enhance the survival rate of the patients with some lethal subtypes, and also proposes high demand on the discrimination of the co-existing targets in breast cancer. In this work, we designed in situ automatous DNA assembly reaction and applied it for the simultaneous identification of dual therapeutic targets using electrochemical techniques . Taking triple-negative breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 as a model, chained strand displacement reactions were initiated after the capture probes recognized the surface biomarkers, epidermal growth factor receptor and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, respectively. Then, an increased electrochemical signaling was created to reveal the co-expression of the two targets using quantum dots as electrochemical labeling. Electrochemical results demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity of our method toward the identification of the coexisted therapeutic targets even in the serum samples, which also allowed to monitor the enhanced efficiency of combined therapy. Therefore, our method suggested a potential use in the accurate identification of therapeutic targets in breast cancer that might provide more information to facilitate the combined therapy in clinic.
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Energies
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2020
·Vol. 13
·期 19
·5105
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IF 2.702
Deliang Xu,Liu Yang,Ming Zhao,Yu Song,Karnowo,Hong Zhang,Xun Hu,Hongqi Sun,Shu Zhang
The simple incineration of wood-based panels (WBPs) waste generates a significant amount of NOx, which has led to urgency in developing a new method for treating the N-containing biomass residues. This work aims to examine the N evolution and physiochemical structural changes during the co-pyrolysis of fiberboard and glucose, where the percentage of glucose in the feedstock was varied from 0% to 70%. It was found that N retention in chars was monotonically increased with increasing use of glucose, achieving ~60% N fixation when the glucose accounted for 70% in the mixture. Pyrrole-N (N-5) and Pyridine-N (N-6) were preferentially formed at high ratios of glucose to fiberboard. While the relevant importance of volatile–char interactions to N retention and transformation could be observed, the volatile–volatile reactions from the two feedstocks played a vital role in the increase in abundance of glucose. With the introduction of glucose, the porous structure and porosity in chars from the co-pyrolysis were dramatically altered, whereas the devolatilization of glucose tended to generate larger pores than the fiberboard. The insignificant changes in carbon structure of all chars revealed by Raman spectroscopy would practically allow us to apply the monosaccharides to the WBPs for regulating N evolution without concerns about its side effects for char carbon structures.Keywords:nitrogen;evolution;co-pyrolysis;fiberboard;glucose
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Frontiers in Oncology
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2020
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IF 4.848
Zhan Wenhua,Li Hanrui,Guo Yingying,Du Getao,Wu Yayan,Zhang Dexin
Combination chemotherapy is a routine treatment for esophageal cancer, but some shortcomings, such as drug toxicity and side effects, greatly limit the clinical application of combination therapy. To overcome these shortcomings, we have developed a mesoporous silica nanoparticle system that was used to load doxorubicin and β-elemene. β-elemene was encapsulated in the pore of mesoporous silica nanoparticle and doxorubicin was electrostatically adsorbed on the surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticle by hyaluronic acid to construct dual drugs synergistic nanoparticles (bMED NPs, ~77.15 nm). In vitro studies demonstrated that bMED NPs had a good treatment effect in esophageal cancer cell lines. In vivo fluorescence imaging results demonstrated that bMED NPs could accumulate in tumor sites and achieve in vivo long-term circulation and continuous drug release. In addition, bMED NPs exhibited significant antitumor effects in the esophageal cancer mouse model, which may provide a great platform for esophageal cancer chemotherapy.
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Journal of Materials Chemistry B
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2021
·Vol. 9
·期 43
·8980-8993
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IF 6.331
Shuying Hu,Hanbang Chen,Fang Zhou,Jun Liu,Yunzhu Qian,Ke Hu,Jia Yan,Zhuxiao Gu,Zhaobin Guo,Feimin Zhang,Ning Gu
Bone tissue engineering (BTE) is a promising approach to recover insufficient bone in dental implantations. However, the clinical application of BTE scaffolds is limited by their low mechanical strength and lack of osteoinduction. In an attempt to circumvent these limitations and improve osteogenesis, we introduced magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) into a core–shell porous electrospun scaffold and evaluated their impact on the physical, mechanical, and biological properties of the scaffold. We used poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/polycaprolactone/beta-tricalcium phosphate (PPT) scaffolds with and without γ-Fe2O3 encapsulation, namely PPT–Fe scaffolds and PPT scaffolds, respectively. The γ-Fe2O3 used in the PPT–Fe scaffolds was coated with polyglucose sorbitol carboxymethylether and was biocompatible. Structurally, PPT–Fe scaffolds showed uniform iron distribution encapsulated within the resorbable PPT scaffolds, and these scaffolds supported sustainable iron release. Furthermore, compared with PPT scaffolds, PPT–Fe scaffolds showed significantly better physical and mechanical properties, including wettability, superparamagnetism, hardness, tensile strength, and elasticity modulus. In vitro tests of rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rADSCs) seeded onto the scaffolds showed increased expression of integrin β1, alkaline phosphatase, and osteogenesis-related genes. In addition, enhanced in vivo bone regeneration was observed after implanting PPT–Fe scaffolds in rat calvarial bone defects. Thus, we can conclude that the incorporation of IONPs into porous scaffolds for long-term release can provide a new strategy for BTE scaffold optimization and is a promising approach that can offer enhanced osteogenic capacity in clinical applications.
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CHEMOSPHERE
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2020
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IF 5.778
Jian Cheng,Doudou Wang,Baohua Wang,Han Ning,Ying Zhang,Yuchao Li,Jiutao An,Peiling Gao
The α-MnO 2 , β-MnO 2 and γ-MnO 2 samples were prepared by the hydrothermal method and were used for the degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) wastewater in a combined DBD-catalytic process. The physical and chemical properties of the samples were systematically studied by several analytical techniques including BET, XRD, SEM, HRTEM, XPS, and H 2 -TPR. The combination of DBD with α-MnO 2 showed the highest CIP degradation efficiency, and the efficiency could reach 93.1% after 50 min, which was 10.8% and 18.1% higher, respectively, than those of β-MnO 2 and γ-MnO 2 catalysts in the plasma-catalytic system. According to the model of response surface methodology , the contribution of key experimental parameters on the CIP degradation decreased in the order: peak voltage > air flow rate > initial concentration > initial pH. The optimum operating parameters were peak voltage 17 kV, air flow rate 2.5 L min −1 , an initial concentration 5 mg L −1 and an initial pH 6.9. The quenching experiments of active species showed that OH and O 2 − were critical to the CIP degradation. The generated O 3 might be adsorbed by the α-MnO 2 catalyst and resulted in more OH generation. The intermediate products of CIP degradation in DBD+α-MnO 2 system were analyzed by LC-MS, and three possible degradation pathways were proposed. This research provides an insight into the use of the crystallographic structures in discharge plasma system for antibiotics in water.
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JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
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2020
·Vol. 71
·期 10
·3066-3079
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IF 5.908
Liu Xiaojuan,Zhao Chenning,Gong Qin,Wang Yue,Cao Jinping,Li Xian,Grierson Donald,Sun Chongde
Polymethoxylated flavones (PMFs), which accumulate exclusively in fruit peel of citrus, play important physiological and pharmacological roles but the genetic basis for the methylation of flavonoids has not been fully elucidated in citrus. Here we characterize a caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase-like enzyme, designated CrOMT1. The expression pattern of CrOMT1 was highly correlated with the concentration of the three major PMFs in two different citrus fruit tissues during fruit maturation. Exposure of fruit to UV-B radiation sharply increased the level of CrOMT1 transcripts and also led to the accumulation of three PMFs. The potential role of CrOMT1 was studied by testing the catalytic activity of recombinant CrOMT1 with numerous possible substrates in vitro. The enzyme could most efficiently methylate flavones with neighboring hydroxy moieties, with high catalytic efficiencies found with 6-OH- and 8-OH-containing compounds, preferences that correspond precisely with the essential methylation sites involved in the synthesis of the three naturally occurring PMFs in Citrus reticulata. This indicates that CrOMT1 is capable of in vitro methylation reactions required to synthesize PMFs in vivo. Furthermore, transient overexpression of CrOMT1 increased levels of the three major PMFs in fruit, indicating that CrOMT1 is likely to play an essential role in the biosynthesis of PMFs in citrus.
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JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
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2020
·Vol. 71
·期 19
·5948-5962
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IF 5.908
Deng Changping,Shi Min,Fu Rong,Zhang Yi,Wang Qiang,Zhou Yang,Wang Yao,Ma Xingyuan,Kai Guoyin
Phenolic acids and tanshinones are major bioactive ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza, which possess pharmacological activities with great market demand. However, transcriptional regulation of phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthesis remains poorly understood. Here, a basic leucine zipper transcription factor (TF) named SmbZIP1 was screened from the abscisic acid (ABA)-induced transcriptome library. Overexpression of SmbZIP1 positively promoted phenolic acid biosynthesis by enhancing expression of biosynthetic genes such as cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H1). Furthermore, biochemical experiments revealed that SmbZIP1 bound the G-Box-like1 element in the promoter of the C4H1 gene. Meanwhile, SmbZIP1 inhibited accumulation of tanshinones mainly by suppressing the expression of biosynthetic genes including geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGPPS) which was confirmed as a target gene by in vitro and in vivo experiments. In contrast, the phenolic acid content was reduced and tanshinone was enhanced in CRISPR/Cas9 [clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9]-mediated knockout lines. In addition, the previously reported positive regulator of tanshinone biosynthesis, SmERF1L1, was found to be inhibited in SmbZIP1 overexpression lines indicated by RNA sequencing, and was proven to be the target of SmbZIP1. In summary, this work uncovers a novel regulator and deepens our understanding of the transcriptional and regulatory mechanisms of phenolic acid and tanshinone biosynthesis, and also sheds new light on metabolic engineering in S. miltiorrhiza.
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FOOD CHEMISTRY
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2020
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IF 6.306
Tian Yao,Kaifeng Du
Four novel organic magnetic ionic liquids were synthesized and characterized. A new method of in-situ magnetic ionic liquid dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with HPLC was established to simultaneously separate, preconcentrate and determine trace amount of sulfonamides in milk samples for the first time. In this work, extraction procedure was free of volatile organic solvent. Extraction equilibrium was immediately achieved without further operation such as vortex shaking. Magnetic separation of two phases was effectively achieved by applying external magnetic field without need of centrifugation. Furthermore, only a very small amount of inorganic salts were generated. This is the first time to realize all these advantages in an analytical method. Under the optimal conditions, satisfactory enrichment factors, precisions, linear range and low limit of detection and quantitation were acquired. The validated method was successfully applied in the simultaneous analysis of 5 sulfonamides in real milk samples.
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BMC Ophthalmology
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2020
·Vol. 20
·期 1
·1-10
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IF 1.413
Yan Weiming,Long Pan,Wei Dongyu,Yan Weihua,Zheng Xiangrong,Chen Guocang,Wang Jiancong,Zhang Zuoming,Chen Tao,Chen Meizhu
Background Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a kind of inherited retinal degenerative diseases characterized by the progressive loss of photoreceptors. RP has been a conundrum without satisfactory countermeasures in clinic until now. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), a major enzyme involved in aldehyde detoxification, has been demonstrated to be beneficial for a growing number of human diseases, such as cardiovascular dysfunction, diabetes mellitus and neurodegeneration. However, its protective effect against RP remains unknown. Our study explored the impact of ALDH2 on retinal function and structure in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced RP rats.Methods Rats were gavaged with 5 mg/kg Alda-1, an ALDH2 agonist, 5 days before and 3 days after MNU administration. Assessments of retinal function and morphology as well as measurement of specific proteins expression level were conducted.Results Electroretinogram recordings showed that Alda-1 administration alleviated the decrease in amplitude caused by MNU, rendering protection of retinal function. Mitigation of photoreceptor degeneration in MNU-treated retinas was observed by optical coherence tomography and retinal histological examination. In addition, Western blotting results revealed that ALDH2 protein expression level was upregulatedwith increased expression of SIRT1 protein after the Alda-1 intervention. Besides, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) was reduced according to the significant downregulation of GRP78 protein, while apoptosis was ameliorated as shown by the decreased expression of PARP1 protein.Conclusion sTogether, our data demonstrated that ALDH2 could provide preservation of retinal function and morphology against MNU-induced RP, with the underlying mechanism at least partly related to the modulation of SIRT1, ERS and apoptosis.
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JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2020
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IF 9.038
Liangchen Yue,Jun Cheng,Haihua Zhang,Luyun Yuan,Junjie Hua,Haiquan Dong,Yu-you Li,Junhu Zhou
To study the inhibited degradation metabolism and anaerobic digestion of typical lipids in food waste, an artificially produced capsaicin, N-Vanillylnonanamide, a typical soluble component in waste lipids, was added to a glycerol trioleate anaerobic digestion system. The microorganisms damage and blocked electron transfer caused by N-Vanillylnonanamide during anaerobic digestion were further clarified. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images demonstrated that N-Vanillylnonanamide (≥4 wt%) structurally damaged microorganisms via cell membrane breakage, which impair their function. N-Vanillylnonanamide inhibited the activities of the key enzyme CoA, AK, F 420 , and CoM, which are relevant for both degradation metabolism and anaerobic digestion. 16S rRNA analysis showed that dominant bacterial and archaeal communities markedly decreased after anaerobic digestion of glycerol trioleate with N-Vanillylnonanamide (≥4 wt%). For example, the proportion of Methanosarcina decreased from 30 % to 6 %. Current-voltage curves indicated that the electron transfer rate in the community of microorganisms decreased by 99 % from 4.67 × 10 −2 to 5.66 × 10 −4 s −1 in response to N-Vanillylnonanamide (40 wt%). The methane yield during anaerobic digestion of glycerol trioleate decreased by 84.0 % from 780.21–142.10 mL/g-total volatile solids with N-Vanillylnonanamide (40 wt%).
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