JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·
IF 5.279
Qingxi Ren,Rongchun Wang,Fei Teng,Ying Ma
High-melting-temperature solid triacylglycerol (TAG) is the main source of controversy with regard to the nutritional assessment of milk fat. This study investigated the microscopic changes and hydrolysis kinetics of milk fat globules (MFGs) reconstituted with butterfat and its primary fractions (30S, 20S, and 20L) during in vitro digestion. The 30S, 20S, and 20L on behalf of high-, medium- and low-melting-temperature fractions, respectively, had well-distinguished melting temperatures (42.1, 38.9, and 22.0 °C) and long-chain saturated TAG contents (19.3, 3.2, and 1.8%). The results revealed that the gastrointestinal fate of these butterfat fractions varied greatly with their TAG composition, and the gastric phase was a sensitive target in terms of the physiological site. The 20S- and 30S-reconstituted MFG emulsions during gastric digestion compared to that of 20L had higher extensive aggregation, lower hydrolysis extent (29.8, 28.0, and 57.3%, respectively), and slower apparent hydrolysis rate constants k (2.4, 2.1, and 6.1 min–1, respectively).
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Insect Science
·
2021
·Vol. 29
·期 2
·363-378
·
IF 3.262
Jia-Bao Lu,Jian-Sheng Guo,Xuan Chen,Chen Cheng,Xu-Mei Luo,Xiao-Ya Zhang,Bernard Moussian,Jian-Ping Chen,Jun-Min Li,Chuan-Xi Zhang
Many holo- and hemimetabolous insects enhance their eggshells during embryogenesis by forming a serosal cuticle (SC). To date, scholarly understanding of the SC composition and SC-related gene functions has been limited, especially for hemimetabolous insects. In this study, we initially performed transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation and chitin staining of the SC in Nilaparvata lugens , a hemimetabolous rice pest known as the brown planthopper (BPH). We confirmed that the SC was a chitin-rich lamellar structure deposited gradually during the early embryogenesis. Parental RNA interference (RNAi) against Nilaparvata lugens chitin synthase 1 ( NlCHS1 ) in newly emerged and matured females resulted in decreases of egg hatchability by 100% and 76%, respectively. Ultrastructural analyses revealed loss of the lamellar structure of the SC in ds NlCHS1- treated eggs. According to temporal expression profiles, five cuticle protein coding genes, NlugCpr1/2/3/8/90 , were specifically or highly expressed during the SC formation period, and NlugCpr1/2/3/90 were further detected in 72 h eggshells extract by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry. NlugCpr2/3/90 were likely three SC-specific cuticle proteins. TEM observations of the SC following parental RNAi against NlugCpr1 / 2 / 3 / 8 / 90 demonstrated that NlugCpr3 / 8 / 90 were essential for SC formation. The study provided an understanding of the SC formation process and SC-related cuticle proteins in BPHs, which offer potential targets for pest control in the egg stage as well.
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Foods
·
2025
·Vol. 14
·期 5
·886
·
IF 5.1
Ruipeng Wang,Bo Yang,Saihong Jia,Yiwei Dai,Xinping Lin,Chaofan Ji,Yingxi Chen
The production of strawberry wine is an effective strategy for addressing the significant economic losses caused by strawberry spoilage. In recent years, there has been an increase in consumer demand for quality and flavor diversity in fruit wines. Therefore, it is necessary to develop novel strawberry wine products. In this research, we assessed and analyzed the influences of fermentation withHanseniaspora uvarum,Kurtzmaniella quercitrusa, andSaccharomyces cerevisiaeunder four fermentation conditions on the fermentation kinetics, organoleptic characteristics, chemical compositions, antioxidant capacities, and flavor profiles of strawberry wines. Strawberry wines fermented with the indigenous non-SaccharomycesyeastsH. uvarumandK. quercitrusashowed higher 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) free-radical-scavenging capacities and significantly different flavor profiles compared to strawberry wines fermented withS. cerevisiae. In addition, adjusting the initial soluble solids contents of strawberry juices and fermentation temperatures positively affected the quality and flavor profiles of strawberry wines fermented with theH. uvarumandK. quercitrusastrains. Under the condition of 18 °C–20 °Brix, strawberry wine fermented withK. quercitrusapresented the highest antioxidant capacity, with enhanced flavor diversity and color intensity. It is worth noting thatK. quercitrusacan be an alternative yeast for producing high-quality strawberry wine with a distinct floral aroma.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
微生物学
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Journal of Fungi
·
2023
·Vol. 9
·期 1
·94
·
IF 4.7
Azizullah,Muhammad Noman,Yizhou Gao,Hui Wang,Xiaohui Xiong,Jiajing Wang,Dayong Li,Fengming Song
SUMOylation is an essential protein modification process that regulates numerous crucial cellular and biochemical processes in phytopathogenic fungi, and thus plays important roles in multiple biological functions. The present study characterizes the SUMOylation pathway components, including SMT3 (SUMO), AOS1 (an E1 enzyme), UBC9 (an E2 enzyme), and MMS21 (an E3 ligase), inFusarium oxysporumf. sp.niveum(Fon), the causative agent of watermelon Fusarium wilt, in terms of the phylogenetic relationship, gene/protein structures, and basic biological functions. The SUMOylation components FonSMT3, FonAOS1, FonUBC9, and FonMMS21 are predominantly located in the nucleus.FonSMT3,FonAOS1,FonUBC9, andFonMMS21are highly expressed in the germinating macroconidia, but their expression is downregulated gradually in infected watermelon roots with the disease progression. The disruption ofFonUBA2andFonSIZ1seems to be lethal inFon. The deletion mutant strains forFonSMT3,FonAOS1,FonUBC9, andFonMMS21are viable, but exhibit significant defects in vegetative growth, asexual reproduction, conidial morphology, spore germination, responses to metal ions and DNA-damaging agents, and apoptosis. The disruption ofFonSMT3,FonAOS1,FonUBC9, andFonMMS21enhances sensitivity to cell wall-perturbing agents, but confers tolerance to digestion by cell wall-degrading enzymes. Furthermore, the disruption ofFonSMT3,FonAOS1, andFonUBC9negatively regulates autophagy inFon. Overall, these results demonstrate that the SUMOylation pathway plays vital roles in regulating multiple basic biological processes inFon, and, thus, can serve as a potential target for developing a disease management approach to control Fusarium wilt in watermelon.Keywords:asexual reproduction;cell death;cell wall integrity;Fusarium oxysporumf. sp.niveum;mycelial growth;stress response;SUMOylation pathway;watermelon
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Antibiotics-Basel
·
2022
·Vol. 11
·期 11
·1660
·
IF 5.222
Yan Wang,Lanyu Liu,Qiping Wu,Qiufen Yin,Feifan Xie
Background: The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) index of carbapenems that best correlates with in vivo antimicrobial activity is percent time of dosing interval in which free drug concentration remains above MIC (%fT > MIC), while the magnitudes of the PK/PD index of carbapenems remains undefined in critically ill sepsis patients.Methods: A sepsis rat model was first developed by comparing the survival outcomes after intraperitoneal injection of different inoculum size (1–10 × 107CFU) ofPseudomonas aeruginosaATCC9027 (MIC = 0.125 mg/L) in neutropenic rats. The PK characteristics of the model drug meropenem in the developed sepsis rat model was then evaluated, and PK modeling and simulation was applied to design meropenem dosing regimens attaining various PD targets (40%fT > MIC, 100%fT > MIC, and 100%fT > 4 × MIC). The microbiological response and survival outcomes for different meropenem treatment regimens were investigated in the rat sepsis model (n= 12 for each group).Results: The optimal inoculum for the rat sepsis model was 1 × 107CFU ofPseudomonas aeruginosaATCC9027. A one-compartment model with first-order absorption best described the PK of meropenem in sepsis rats. Pronounced survival prolongation and lower hazard risk were observed in the treatment groups of 50 or 75 mg/kg/q2.4h (100%fT > MIC) and 75 mg/kg/q2h (100%fT > 4 × MIC) compared to the 75 mg/kg/q6h (40%fT > MIC) group, while meropenem groups with PD targets of 100%fT > MIC and 100%fT > 4 × MIC showed comparable survival curves. Microbiological response for different PD targets is inconclusive due to irregular bacterial counts in blood samples.Conclusions: The PD target of 40%fT > MIC is suboptimal for sepsis rats, and the aggressive 100%fT > 4 × MIC target does not provide a survival benefit against the target of 100%fT > MIC.Keywords:pharmacokinetics;PK/PD;survival;meropenem;sepsis rat model
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Acta Biomaterialia
·
2022
·
IF 10.633
Hongyan Kang,Guiqin Yan,Weichen Zhang,Junwei Xu,Jiaxin Guo,Jiali Yang,Xiao Liu,Anqiang Sun,Zengsheng Chen,Yubo Fan,Xiaoyan Deng
Most small diameter vascular grafts (inner diameter<6 mm) evaluation studies are performed in healthy animals that cannot represent the clinical situation. Herein, an hypercholesterolemia (HC) rat model with thickened intima and elevated expression of pro-inflammatory intercellular adhesion molecular-1 (ICAM-1) in the carotid branch is established. Electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) vascular grafts (length: 1 cm; inner diameter: 2 mm) are implanted into the HC rat abdominal aortas in an end to end fashion and followed up to 43 days, showing a relative lower patency accompanied by significant neointima hyperplasia, abundant collagen deposition, and slower endothelialization than those implanted into healthy ones. Moreover, the proliferation, migration, and adhesion behavior of endothelial cells (ECs) isolated from the HC aortas are impaired as evaluated under both static and pulsatile flow conditions. DNA microarray studies of the HC aortic endothelium suggest genes involved in EC proliferation (Egr2), apoptosis (Zbtb16 and Mt1), and metabolism (Slc7a11 and Hamp) are down regulated. These results suggest the impaired proliferative, migratory, and adhesive abilities of ECs are associated with the bad performances of grafts in HC rat. Future pre-clinical evaluation of small diameter vascular grafts may concern more disease animal models with clinical complications. Statement of significance During the development of small diameter vascular grafts ( D <6 mm), young and healthy animal models from pigs, sheep, dogs, to rabbits and rats are preferred. However, it cannot represent the clinic situation, where most cardiovascular grafting procedures are performed in the elderly and age is the primary risk factor for disease development or death. Herein, the performance of electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) vascular grafts implanted into hypercholesterolemia (HC) or healthy rats were evaluated. Results suggest the proliferative, migratory, and adhesive abilities of endothelial cells (ECs) are already impaired in HC rats, which contributes to the observed slower endothelialization of implanted PCL grafts. Future pre-clinical evaluation of small diameter vascular grafts may concern more disease animal models with clinical complications.
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ChemCatChem
·
2021
·Vol. 13
·期 7
·1834-1846
·
IF 5.686
Ruihuan Jiang,Shaomian Liu,Liang Li,Yongjun Ji,Huifang Li,Xiangfeng Guo,Lihua Jia,Ziyi Zhong,Fabing Su
Graphical Single Ir atoms : In the CO+NO reaction, the catalyst with single-sited Ir atoms (0.28 wt %) anchored on a mesoporous WO 3 (Ir 1 /mesoporous-WO 3 ) showed much higher NO conversion and N 2 selectivity under oxygen-rich conditions than the catalysts supported with Ir nanoparticles on the same catalyst support (Ir NPs/mesoporous-WO 3 ) and on a non-mesoporous WO 3 (Ir/non-mesoporous-WO 3 ). Under oxygen-rich conditions, achieving a selective and efficient reduction of NO by CO is always challenging. Here, we report the synthesis of the catalyst consisting of single Ir atoms anchored on mesoporous WO 3 (denoted as Ir 1 /m-WO 3 ) using a facile template method followed by wet impregnation. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope studies indicated that the Ir atoms were distributed uniformly on the internal surface of m-WO 3 . When tested for the reduction of NO by CO, the Ir 1 /m-WO 3 catalyst with a low Ir loading of 0.28 wt % exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the presence of 2 vol % O 2 (volume ratio of CO to O 2 being 1 : 10), achieving a NO conversion of 73 % and N 2 selectivity of 100 % at 350 °C. In particular, its turnover frequency (TOF) value reached 0.30 s −1 at 200 °C, which is six times higher than that of the catalyst with Ir nanoparticles supported on mesoporous WO 3 (0.05 s −1 ). The superior catalytic performance of Ir 1 /m-WO 3 is attributed to the formation of the isolated Ir atoms and the more newly generated Ir-WO 3 interfaces that can promote the adsorption and activation of NO, and the presence of accessible mesopores in m-WO 3 that facilitates the mass transfer of NO and CO. This study brings a new fundamental understanding of active sites in Ir-based catalysts for the CO+NO reaction and provides a new way to the design and synthesis of single-atom catalysts, especially precious metal catalysts for emissions control.
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MOLECULES
·
2021
·Vol. 26
·期 13
·3870
·
IF 4.412
Jingyang Li,Fei Liu,Hua Yu,Yuqi Li,Shiguang Zhou,Yuanhang Ai,Xinyu Zhou,Youmei Wang,Lingqiang Wang,Liangcai Peng,Yanting Wang
Banana is a major fruit crop throughout the world with abundant lignocellulose in the pseudostem and rachis residues for biofuel production. In this study, we collected a total of 11 pseudostems and rachis samples that were originally derived from different genetic types and ecological locations of banana crops and then examined largely varied edible carbohydrates (soluble sugars, starch) and lignocellulose compositions. By performing chemical (H2SO4, NaOH) and liquid hot water (LHW) pretreatments, we also found a remarkable variation in biomass enzymatic saccharification and bioethanol production among all banana samples examined. Consequently, this study identified a desirable banana (Refen1, subgroup Pisang Awak) crop containing large amounts of edible carbohydrates and completely digestible lignocellulose, which could be combined to achieve the highest bioethanol yields of 31–38% (% dry matter), compared with previously reported ones in other bioenergy crops. Chemical analysis further indicated that the cellulose CrI and lignin G-monomer should be two major recalcitrant factors affecting biomass enzymatic saccharification in banana pseudostems and rachis. Therefore, this study not only examined rich edible carbohydrates for food in the banana pseudostems but also detected digestible lignocellulose for bioethanol production in rachis tissue, providing a strategy applicable for genetic breeding and biomass processing in banana crops.Keywords:banana;pseudostem;rachis;biomass pretreatments;enzymatic saccharification;bioethanol fermentation;cellulose crystallinity
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MICROCHIMICA ACTA
·
2019
·Vol. 186
·期 8
·1-13
·
IF 5.479
Zhang Li,Wang Huiping,Hu Qin,Guo Xueqing,Li Lei,Shuang Shaomin,Gong Xiaojuan,Dong Chuan
Phosphorus and nitrogen dually-doped carbon quantum dots (PN-CQDs) were prepared from sucrose, 85% phosphoric acid and 1,2-ethylenediamine as the sources for carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen, respectively. The PN-CQDs possess good water solubility and favorable biocompatibility. The excitation/emission peaks are at 365/451 nm, but bright blue, green, or red emissions are found depending on whether the excitation wavelengths of the laser are set to 408 nm, 488 nm, or 543 nm, respectively. Fluorescence is quenched by both vitamin B 12 (VB 12 ) and Co(II) by a combination of inner filter effect and static quenching. The PN-CQDs are shown to be useful nanoprobes for determination of VB 12 and Co(II). Response to VB 12 is linear in the range of 2.0–31 μM. The response to Co(II) is linear in two ranges, viz. from 1.7–12 μM and from 28 to 141 μM. The limit of detection of VB 12 and Co(II) are 3.0 nM and 29.4 nM, respectively. The nanoprobe was successfully applied to the analyses of VB 12 in drug samples and of Co(II) in spiked water samples, and it gave satisfactory results. The nanoprobe was also applied to the determination of VB 12 and Co(II) in human hepatocarcinoma cells (type SMMC7721), human pulmonary epithelial cells (type BEAS-2B), human adenocarcinoma cells (type A549), and human pheochromocytoma cells (type PC12), respectively.
Schematic presentation of the quenching of the fluorescence of phosphorus and nitrogen dually-doped carbon quantum dots (PN-CQDs) by vitamin B 12 (VB 12 ) and Co(II).
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JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2018
·
IF 3.412
Fuqiang Liang,Yajing Fang,Weiwei Cao,Zhuo Zhang,Siyi Pan,Xiaoyun Xu
The current study evaluates the protective effects of tangeretin, a representative polymethoxyflavone (PMF) mainly isolated from the peels of citrus fruits, against tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative damage in HepG2 cells and the potential mechanisms of this protection. Tangeretin suppressed t-BHP-induced oxidative damage, as evaluated by cell viability, reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and glutathione (GSH) levels. Further mechanistic studies showed that tangeretin up-regulated the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). Moreover, tangeretin induced antioxidant-responsive-element (ARE)-dependent luciferase activation, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation, and mitogen-activated-protein-kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Results in the study indicate that the protective effects of tangeretin may be at least partly due to its capacity to up-regulate the antioxidant enzymes NQO1 and HO-1 via the MAPK–Nrf2–ARE signaling pathway. Tangeretin may play an effective protective role in liver injury.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2024
·
IF 7.7
Yihan Sun,Xu Huang,Sainan Guo,Yuze Wang,Dingding Feng,Xiuping Dong,Hang Qi
Currently, people eat Undaria pinnatifida ( UP ) in a single way, and processing homogeneity is serious. However, UP has not gained any traction in the 3D printing industry to date. This study explored the incorporation of soy protein isolate (SPI), pea protein (PP), xanthan gum (XG), guar gum (GG), corn starch (CS), and potato starch (PS) into UP slurry liquid, the primary component of the study, to formulate a UP gel ink. The UP gel 3D printing ink system based on UP paste was established and characterized. The results show that hydrogen bonds are formed, and three-dimensional gel network structure is formed in all UP gel inks. UP gel inks containing high concentrations of SPI and GG exhibited good texture and rheological qualities and good 3D printing effect, with storage modulus ( G ′) values of 8440.405 ± 3.893 and 8111.730 ± 3.585 Pa. The loss of modulus ( G ″) values were 1409.107 ± 3.524 and 1071.673 ± 3.669 Pa. Unfortunately, the properties of other UP gel inks are not suitable, resulting in poor 3D printing results. The food 3D printing method developed in this study provides valuable insights for expanding food 3D printing material choices and achieving high-value applications of UP .
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PLoS One
·
2016
·Vol. 11
·期 6
·e0158351
·
IF 3.057
Yanzhou Zhang,Xunhang Li,Zhikui Hao,Ruchun Xi,Yujie Cai,Xiangru Liao
For the more efficient detoxification of phenolic compounds, a promising avenue would be to develop a multi-enzyme biocatalyst comprising peroxidase, laccase and other oxidases. However, the development of this multi-enzyme biocatalyst is limited by the vulnerability of fungal laccases and peroxidases to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced inactivation. Therefore, H 2 O 2 -resistant peroxidase and laccase should be exploited. In this study, H 2 O 2 -stable CotA and YjqC were isolated from the outer coat of Bacillus altitudinis SYBC hb4 spores. In addition to the thermal and alkali stability of catalytic activity, CotA also exhibited a much higher H 2 O 2 tolerance than fungal laccases from Trametes versicolor and Trametes trogii . YjqC is a sporulation-related manganese (Mn) catalase with striking peroxidase activity for sinapic acid (SA) and sinapine (SNP). In contrast to the typical heme-containing peroxidases, the peroxidase activity of YjqC was also highly resistant to inhibition by H 2 O 2 and heat. CotA could also catalyze the oxidation of SA and SNP. CotA had a much higher affinity for SA than B . subtilis CotA. CotA and YjqC rendered from B . altitudinis spores had promising laccase and peroxidase activities for SA and SNP. Specifically, the B . altitudinis spores could be regarded as a multi-enzyme biocatalyst composed of CotA and YjqC. The B . altitudinis spores were efficient for catalyzing the degradation of SA and SNP in rapeseed meal. Moreover, efficiency of the spore-catalyzed degradation of SA and SNP was greatly improved by the presence of 15 mM H 2 O 2 . This effect was largely attributed to synergistic biocatalysis of the H 2 O 2 -resistant CotA and YjqC toward SA and SNP.
研究领域:
微生物学
·
酶工程
·
食品科学
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危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）