Solar RRL
·
2022
·Vol. 6
·期 7
·2200088
·
IF 9.173
Shoudeng Zhong,Zhuoxi Li,Chunqiu Zheng,Xinyi Luo,Jinwei Gao,Xubing Lu,Xingsen Gao,Lingling Shui,Sujuan Wu,Jun-Ming Liu
Although tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) are regarded as one of the most potential candidates in the field of lead-free photovoltaics, the photoelectrical properties of TPSCs are limited because Sn 2+ tends to be oxidized to be Sn 4+ to produce tin vacancies, resulting in poor performance. Herein, guanidine thiocyanate (GASCN) is selected to regulate the quality of tin-based perovskite film to fabricate efficient TPSCs. The device structure is ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PEA 0.1 FA 0.9 SnI 3 with or without GASCN/PCBM/PEI/Ag. The effects of GASCN additive on the microstructure and photoelectrical properties of TPSCs are systematically investigated. The results show that the GASCN additive can form Lewis adducts with uncoordinated Sn atoms, inhibit the oxidation of Sn 2+ to Sn 4+ , and passivate the trap states of perovskite films, resulting in the suppressed charge recombination and improved performance. Thus, the unsealed TPSCs with GASCN additive at the optimal process demonstrate a champion efficiency of 10.06% with better stability. Herein, an effective strategy to fabricate efficient and stable TPSCs is provided.
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Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers
·
2022
·Vol. 9
·期 6
·1143-1151
·
IF 7.779
Qian Di,Xixia Zhao,Wenjing Zhu,Yiliang Luan,Zhen Hou,Xiaokun Fan,Yan Zhou,Shutao Wang,Zewei Quan,Jun Zhang
This article proposes a general approach for the preparation of intermetallic nanoparticles of Pt3Sn, PtSn, PtSn2, and PtSn4, triggered by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) in conjunction with SnCl2. The ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) tests demonstrate the improved specific activity of PtxSny intermetallic nanoparticles (PtxSny), due to the lower binding energy between carbon monoxide (CO) and PtxSny, the oxidation state of Sn, and the presence of Pt–Sn bonds on the surface. Strikingly, PtSn with an optimized Pt : Sn ratio of 1 : 1 holds superior EOR performance and stability to other PtxSny intermetallics. In addition, PtxSny intermetallic nanoparticles including PtSn, PtSn2, and even the most Sn-rich PtSn4 hold a higher specific current density than the commercial Pt/C after a long-term test, showing the enhanced stability for the EOR. Furthermore, this method was also successfully extended to the synthesis of other Sn-containing intermetallic nanoparticles, such as Ag3Sn and Cu6Sn5.
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JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY
·
2023
·Vol. 27
·期 10
·2593-2606
·
IF 2.5
Li Er-Mei,Zhu Li,Li Chao-Xiong,Shi Ling-Jun,Li Bing,Li Fang,Deng Ning,He Jian-Bo
Stannous sulfate is commonly used as an additive in the positive lead pastes of lead-acid batteries, but its real function and mechanism are still vague and need further study. The present work investigates the intrinsic effects of tin additives on the positive electrode performance under well-controlled experimental conditions. The tin additives are added in three ways: the SnSO 4 dissolved in 4.5 M H 2 SO 4 electrolyte, the metal Sn melted in metal Pb substrate, and the SnSO 4 mixed in homemade industrial lead pastes. A series of evolutions are clearly revealed in structure, composition, and redox activity of the positive active materials with the content of Sn. Both the SnSO 4 in the electrolyte and in the positive lead pastes have a significant inhibiting effect on the transformation between PbSO 4 and PbO 2 , leading to a decrease in the charge/discharge capacities with increasing content of SnSO 4 . A similar but weaker inhibiting effect was also found for the Sn melted in the Pb-Sn alloys. The SnSO 4 has a significant enhancement effect on the grain size of PbSO 4 /PbO 2 , which increases the resistance of the solid-phase transformation deep inside the grains during the charge/discharge. All these results do not support the use of SnSO 4 in the positive pastes of lead-acid batteries. Graphical abstract
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Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review
·
2017
·
IF 1.219
Zijian Su,Yuanbo Zhang,Bingbing Liu,Yingming Chen,Guanghui Li,Tao Jiang
A selective reduction volatilization (SRV) process developed by the authors was effective to remove tin from the complex tin-bearing iron concentrates. It is reported that many gangue minerals of quartz, calcite, and fluorite are existent in the concentrates. Our previous studies investigated the effect of quartz and calcite on the removal of tin. In this study, the effect of fluorite (calcium fluoride) was conducted, and pure CaF2 was added into the tin-bearing iron concentrates to investigate how CaF2 affected the tin volatilization behavior under different roasting conditions. The effect of CaF2 on the phase transformation of SnO2 was also determined using SEM-EDS and XRD. The results indicated that SnF2 was much easier to volatilize than SnO under CO-CO2 atmosphere in the presence of CaF2, so the calcium fluoride in the concentrates was beneficial to promote the tin removal during the SRV process.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
材料科学
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CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
·
2017
·
IF 9.466
Aifei Wang,Yanyan Guo,Faheem Muhammad,Zhengtao Deng
Hollow nanocrystals have attracted considerable attention in many areas of materials science because of their unique geometry, large surface area, high loading capacity and low density, and potential applications in catalysis, energy storage, drug delivery, and molecular separation. So far, numerous hollow nanostructured materials, such as noble metals, metallic oxides, hydroxides, and chalcogenides, have been reported. However, there is no report about the hollow metal halide perovskite nanocrystals yet. Herein, for the first time, we report the controlled synthesis of metal halide perovskite hollow nanocrystals, i.e., CsSnBr3 cubic nanocages, through a facile hot-injection colloidal approach. The formation of nanocages was controlled by rationally choosing the precursors and reaction temperature and was achieved through the self-assembly driven process. The as-synthesized CsSnBr3 nanocages exhibit excellent oxygen resistibility under desiccation conditions. Furthermore, treatment of CsSnBr3 nanocages with perfluorooctanoic acid results in an improved stability against moisture, oxygen, and light. This work represents a step toward hollow nanocrystals of metal halide perovskites for optical, electronic, and optoelectronic applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
·
光电子学
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POWDER TECHNOLOGY
·
2017
·
IF 2.942
Yuanbo Zhang,Zijian Su,Bingbing Liu,Jun Chen,Guanghui Li,Tao Jiang
An investigation on the behavior of SnO 2 in the tin-bearing iron concentrates during the reduction sintering process (RSP) has been conducted by the authors' group. It was found that only about 30 wt.% of tin was removed under the optimal conditions. However, the underlying reason why it was so difficult to remove tin by the RSP was not understood. In this study, the phase evolution of tin oxide, iron oxide and calcium oxide under simulative sintering conditions was investigated by varying the gas compositions , sintering temperature and basicity (CaO/SiO 2 ). The results indicated that the Ca-Sn oxides were prior formed at 900 °C–1000 °C in the reduction atmosphere with CO / (CO + CO 2 ) = 10–40 vol.%, while the phases of Fe-Sn spinel (Fe 3 − x Sn x O 4 ) and Ca-Fe-Sn oxides were easily generated as the temperature increased to 1100 °C–1200 °C. The phases of Fe 2 − 4x/3 Sn x O 3 and Ca-Fe-Sn-Si oxides began to generate at 1100 °C in an oxidative atmosphere with O 2 /(O 2 + CO 2 ) = 25–100 vol.%. In addition, increasing alkalinity accelerated the formation of Ca-Sn oxides under reduction atmosphere, which brought about an adverse effect on the tin removal in the sintering process.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
材料科学
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JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2014
·Vol. 161
·期 4
·D190
·
IF 2.859
Hanyong Hua,Wenjing Wang,Xiumin Shi,Yanfeng He
The effect of intermolecular interaction of Phthalic acid (PA) and nonionic surfactants on electrodeposition was studied and the electrodeposition of tin was used as a model system. The CV curve of the electrolyte in the presence of a combination of PA and Triton X-100 (TX100) indicates that a relatively compact adlayer forms on the electrode surface and the electrodeposition of tin is inhibited very well. It is expected that the aromatic character of the hydrophobic moiety of both TX100 and PA enhance the binding interaction and the blocking effect is governed by the intermolecular interaction between PA and TX100. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) image shows that a smooth, regular and compact deposit was obtained from the electrolyte with both PA and TX100. A relatively low carbon content of the deposit indicates that the incorporation of the additive in a deposit is strongly controlled in the presence of both PA and TX100. The possible explanation for the reduced incorporation may be proposed as the formation of the linkage of the molecules caused by intermolecular interaction between PA and TX100.
研究领域:
电化学
·
材料科学
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ACS Applied Optical Materials
·
2026
·
IF 3.4
Runze Liu,Shuting Shi,Cheng Zhu,Li-min Liu,Qi Chen,Ying Han,Jiaqi Wei
Abstract Low-dimensional hybrid metal halides (MHs) have attracted considerable attention for white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) due to their outstanding optical properties. However, the toxicity of lead-based hybrid MHs and the poor stability of Sn2+-based counterparts limit their applications. Herein, we rationally designed a zero-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid tin halide, (4-IBA)2SnCl6, where the spatially isolated [SnCl6]2– octahedra were completely separated by 4-IBA+ organic cations, exhibiting stable broadband warm-white emission with a photoluminescence quantum yield of 24.26%. Combined spectroscopic investigations and density functional theory calculations revealed pronounced exciton localization and strong electron–phonon coupling, inducing the self-trapped exciton emission. Benefiting from the intrinsic oxidation resistance of Sn4+, (4-IBA)2SnCl6 demonstrated markedly enhanced environmental stability compared with conventional Sn2+-based hybrid MHs. Furthermore, a UV-pumped WLED based on the as-prepared phosphor was successfully fabricated, exhibiting Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage coordinates close to the standard white-light region and a high color rendering index of 91.2. This work provides an effective strategy for developing stable, lead-free, single-component white light-emitting tin halide phosphors.
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CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2023
·
IF 5.2
Qianglong He,Lanxin Hu,Yunwei Shi,Yi Cui,Aiyang Wang,Weimin Wang
TiN–TiB 2 –hBN ceramic composites were prepared using nitride boronisation with TiN–B as the raw material. The bulk samples exhibited layered structures through secondary reactions at higher temperatures. In the outer layer of the bulk sample, hBN was consumed, and the content of the hard phase (TiB 2 ) increased because of the secondary reaction, which increased the hardness of the outer layer to 20.54 GPa, i.e., 68.64% higher than that of the inner layer (12.18 GPa). In addition, the mechanical properties of TiN–TiB 2 –hBN ceramic composites with a layered structure were not adversely affected by the higher sintering temperature: the bulk sample maintained a high bending strength of 477 MPa, and the fracture toughness was improved to 4.02 MPa m 1/2 by twins and stacking dislocations.
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CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Jun Zhang,Chunyuan Wang,Shiyu Lu,Shuyue Liu,Pingjuan Liang,Huan Yi,Mengjie Li,Meng Jin,Rong Wang,Guangming Jiang
Enhancing the enrichment behavior of low-concentration chlorinated organic pollutants remains a significant challenge in electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination (EHDC) technology. Metal-loaded hollow nanoarchitecture has emerged as a promising nanoreactor to improve reaction enrichment behavior because of its tailorable microenvironments and electronic properties. Herein, a structural engineering strategy is developed to synthesize yolk-shell structured TiN spheres supported Pd nanoreactors (Pd/YS-TiN) with confined mesoscopic spaces. Characterization by multiple techniques reveals that the yolk-shell structure of YS-TiN, with high specific surface area (139.0 m 2 /g) and appropriately mesoporosity (6.9 nm), exposes numerous Pd nanoparticles (∼4.0 nm) on outer/inner surface of the shell and yolk-core solid sphere, ensuring an efficient utilization of active sites for enhancing the 2,4-DCP detoxification. Consequently, the structurally optimized Pd/YS-TiN nanoreactor consistently displays maximum reaction kinetics, dechlorination degree, faradaic current density, H* utilization and product selectivity, surpassing hollow TiN-supported Pd and Pd/C catalysts. The super EHDC performance of 91.8 % 2,4-DCP conversion, a specific activity of 1.68 min −1 mol Pd −1 , and a mass activity of 6.06 min −1 g Pd −1 is obtained at −0.85 V and 180 min, outperforming most reported catalysts. Combining experimental and density functional theory results, the exceptional reaction enrichment behavior of Pd/YS-TiN originates from (1) alleviating the overstrong adsorption of product phenol through strong metal-support interactions and (2) enhancing mass transport efficiency facilitated by the local concentration gradient and mesoporous shell. This study elucidates how metal-support interactions and mass transport synergistically enhance reaction enrichment behavior, showcasing potential benefits in environmental remediation applications.
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Greenhouse Gases-Science and Technology
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 6
·1191-1197
·
IF 2.013
Subrato Acharjya,Jiacheng Chen,Minghui Zhu,Chong Peng
Immobilized tin phthalocyanine dichloride (SnPcCl 2 ) was prepared by refluxing SnPcCl 2 and hydroxyl-functionalized carbon nanotubes in DMF with the addition of triethylamine, which exhibited minimal aggregation and approximately 2–3 folds improvement in activity towards CO 2 electroreduction compared to the physically mixed SnPcCl 2 /CNT hybrid. Cyclic voltammetry analysis and in situ UV-vis spectra revealed that metallic tin is the active site for CO 2 electroreduction, and the redox behavior of Sn 0 is affected by the adjacent demetallized macrocycles. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2021
·
IF 5.816
Caichi Liu,Yongchuan Hu,Fang Liu,Hui Liu,Xuewen Xu,Yanming Xue,Jun Zhang,Ying Li,Chengchun Tang
The development of highly active, durable and earth-abundant electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is of great significance for promoting hydrogen energy . As one of the most potential substitutes for Pt-based materials, pyrite cobalt selenide (CoSe 2 ) still has shortcomings in terms of HER performance possibly due to its unfavorable hydrogen adsorption characteristics. Metal cation doping has been considered as one of the most available methods to modulate the electronic structure of electrocatalysts. Herein, non-transition metal tin (Sn) doped CoSe 2 nanowire arrays grown on carbon cloth have been constructed and fabricated via a simple gas-phase selenization treatment of hydroxide precursor. The successful doping of Sn element into CoSe 2 nanowires was confirmed by many experimental results. The as-prepared catalyst shows an obviously enhanced HER performance in alkaline media . Compared with pristine CoSe 2 , the overpotential of Sn doped catalyst with optimal doping content decreases from 189 mV to 117 mV at 10 mA cm −2 and the Tafel slope declines from 94 mV dec −1 to 86 mV dec −1 , as well as shows long-term durability for 100 h. Experimental results and further density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that Sn doping can improve the ability of charge transfer and increase the electrochemical surface area, as well as optimize the hydrogen adsorption energy , all of which are instrumental in HER performance improvement. This work not only provides atomic-level insight into regulating the electronic structure of transition metal selenides by main group metal doping, but also broadens the avenue of developing high-efficiency and stable non-precious metal catalysts .
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