Scientific Reports
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2026
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IF 4.9
Wu Haotian,Liu Xianzheng,Jamadon Nashrah Hani,Li Feng,Tang Rongji,Zheng Liancheng
Amorphous carbon exhibits low initial coulombic efficiency due to its high specific surface area, abundant functional groups, and structural defects, limiting its application in sodium-ion batteries. The development of anode pre-sodiation reagents has diversified and achieved significant progress, yet research on the impact of reagent concentration on electrode electrochemical performance remains an unexplored area. This study systematically investigated the influence of pre-sodiation concentration on the electrochemical performance of porous carbon electrodes by subjecting them to chemical pre-sodiation treatment using sodium biphenyl solutions of varying concentrations. The results indicate that pre-sodiation treatment significantly enhances the electrode initial coulombic efficiency and cycling stability. When the pre-sodiation level is controlled to yield an initial coulombic efficiency below 100%, the electrode sodium storage capacity is promoted; however, when the initial coulombic efficiency exceeds 100%, the capacity is instead suppressed. In summary, rationally designing the concentration of sodium biphenyl solution to maximize the benefits of pre-sodiation is crucial for enhancing the electrochemical performance of sodium-ion batteries.
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Nature Communications
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2026
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IF 18.1
Topatana Win,Sun Yuchao,Xie Tianao,Zhu Yiyuan,Yang Taorui,Shen Ruijing,Ran Peng,Li Chengao,Chen Jiadong,Shen Xuqiu,Lu Ziyi,Han Yina,Shan Yukai,Li Shijie,Chen Tianen,Cai Xiujun,Deng Renren,Juengpanich Sarun,Chen Mingyu
Persistent luminescence is a promising approach for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in deep-seated tumors, as it provides sustained light within tissues, eliminating the need for continuous external illumination. However, the uncontrollability of light within the body complicates precise spatiotemporal regulation. In this study, we report X-ray preactivated elimusertib-loaded tumor-targeted photodynamic nanoparticles (ETPNs), featuring reversible “on-off” afterglow properties. The excellent afterglow properties of X-ray-activated porous NaYF 4 :Er@NaGdF 4 persistent luminescence nanoparticles enable the continuous activation of chlorin e6 (Ce6) to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to DNA damage. The integration of elimusertib potentiates ROS-induced DNA damage and activates the cGAS-STING pathway, thereby enhancing immuno-photodynamic therapeutic efficacy. All in vivo experiments were conducted using female mice. Our findings highlight the potential of ETPNs to advance the therapeutic landscape for deep-seated tumors, offering a robust and controllable platform for combined immuno-photodynamic therapy.
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
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2026
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IF 4.4
Zhang Xing,Xia Dan,Ding Shaochun,Wu Yihui,Xu Yahai
Electrolysis of seawater presents a sustainable pathway to green hydrogen production, utilizing both the abundant source of seawater and from renewable energy. Yet, the slow anode oxygen evolution reaction (OER) necessitates alternative, where urea oxidation reaction (UOR) intermediate shows promise due to its favorable thermodynamic potential. In this work, we report a simple synthetic method to prepare an iron-cobalt (Fe–Co) electrocatalyst directly onto Ni foam via cyclic voltammetric (CV) electrodeposition. The catalyst demonstrates outstanding UOR activity in 1 M KOH + 0.33 M urea seawater, achieving low potentials of 1.335 V and 1.458 V at 10 and 100 mA·cm −2 , respectively, a Tafel slope of 133.8 mV·dec −1 , and a charge-transfer resistance (Rct) of 0.81 Ω. It exhibits a high mass activity of 13.24 mA·mg −1 at 1.45 V and maintains stable operation for over 70 h at 10 mA·cm −2 . The excellent UOR performance, coupled with the electronic structure reconstruction induced by Co doping, suggests the formation of more active sites with optimized electronic configurations, which favors the key steps of urea oxidation. Additionally, the superhydrophilic surface of the electrocatalyst Fe–Co permits quick and complete electrolyte infiltration, which creates a highly accessible reaction interface and therefore increases catalytic activity. Given its low-cost synthesis, simple preparation method, remarkable UOR activity, and long-life operation stability, the electrocatalyst Fe–Co is one of the most promising candidates to enhance urea-assisted, sustainable electrolytic hydrogen production technologies.
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Nature Communications
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2026
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IF 18.1
Cheng Ming,Sun Xiaoxian,Zhang Peng,Tuerdi Ailijiang,Li Zhaoling,Xiong Shijie,Lan Jintong,Liu Xiao,Gong Jinlong
Electrocatalytic chlorine-mediated propylene oxidation utilizing seawater represents a promising route for sustainable propylene oxide (PO) synthesis. Unfortunately, inefficient utilization of active chlorine species results in compromised yield and Faradaic efficiency (F.E.). Herein, we achieve efficient chlorine radical-mediated propylene to PO by incorporating Li into Co 3 O 4 , attaining a PO F.E. approaching 99.0% and a yield of 20.6 mol/m 2 /h in simulated seawater with long-term stability for over 100 h. Furthermore, a PO yield of 78.9 mol/m 2 /h is obtained even under an industrial-level current density of 0.5 A cm -2 , demonstrating competitive performance compared with most reported noble metal catalysts. Mechanistic investigations reveal that Li doping transforms the adsorption configuration of Cl – on Co 3 O 4 from linear Co-Cl structure to more favorable triangular Li-Cl-O configuration, thereby enhancing •Cl generation, and consequently redirecting propylene oxidation from conventional HClO pathway to a more efficient •Cl route. This work advances the mechanistic understanding of the mechanism of electrocatalytic propylene oxidation and offers great opportunities for the sustainable synthesis of commercial chemicals using waste lithium-ion batteries, seawater, and renewable electricity.
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Nature Communications
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2026
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IF 18.1
Zhang Mengya,Yu Tongcheng,Liu Hao,Lin Chao,Yang Yaping,Lv Bowen,Zhang Qi,Chen Ming,Wang Tianshuai,Hua Weihong,Han Kai
Monitoring the evolution of molecules during photo and thermal synergistically induced physical and chemical processes is of paramount interest in fields including chemical, material, and energy research. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a highly promising technology in this regard, offering advantages of sensitivity, real-time, and label-free detection. However, the application of conventional SERS in high-temperature environments has faced challenges due to the inevitable loss of activity and decline in sensitivity. Herein, we synthesize Au-TiO 2 nanoarrays as SERS substrates, and an anomalous enhancement of Raman signal with increasing temperature is observed. The signal intensity increases by 11.41 times at 180 °C compared to that at 22 °C. This high-temperature enhancement in Raman activity is attributed to an underlying mechanism: heat-assisted hot-hole transfer, which enables 785 nm photon-induced hot-hole transfer from Au to TiO 2 . Our work expands the application of the SERS technique for high-temperature chemical analysis and molecular diagnostics.
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POLYMER BULLETIN
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2026
·Vol. 83
·期 11
·573
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IF 4.2
Zhang Na,Wang Xiaoyue,Qi Guohui,Shen Sen,Chen Liduo,Li Cuiqin,Wang Jun
Salicylaldiminato and pyridinimine phthalocyanine ligands, along with their corresponding nickel catalysts were synthesized and characterized by 1 H NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, elemental analysis, ICP-MS, and TG-DTA. The catalytic performance of imine phthalocyanine nickel-based catalysts in ethylene oligomerization was investigated. Ethylene oligomerization results indicated that under the optimal reaction conditions, the activity of the salicylaldiminato phthalocyanine nickel catalyst (12.54 × 10 5 g/(mol Ni·h)) was greater than that of the pyridinimine phthalocyanine nickel catalyst (10.06 × 10 5 g/(mol Ni·h)), and the products of the two catalysts were mainly butene as well as minor amounts of hexene and octene. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the imine phthalocyanine nickel-based catalysts were calculated using density functional theory (DFT). The results showed that the salicylaldiminato phthalocyanine nickel catalyst had larger energy gap value. To further investigate the micro reaction process of ethylene oligomerization, the reaction mechanism of ethylene oligomerization was proposed. The DFT calculation of the catalytic cycle process was carried out by selecting a reasonable molecular model of imine phthalocyanine nickel catalyst. The molecular model of the salicylaldiminato phthalocyanine nickel catalyst had a lower ethylene insertion barrier and β -H elimination barrier, indicating that this molecular model was more conducive to ethylene oligomerization.
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Drug Delivery and Translational Research
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2026
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IF 6.9
Fan Xudong,Luo Jingming,Tang XiaoQian,Zhang Jie,Zhang Ruoying,Cai Xinjun
Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, while the clinical utility of irinotecan-derived therapies is often constrained by poor drug solubility, suboptimal biodistribution, and systemic toxicity. To overcome these limitations, we developed polymeric nanomicelles co-loading 7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin (SN38), the active metabolite of irinotecan, and quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid with intrinsic antitumor activity, for nebulized inhalation delivery. The dual-drug nanomicelles (SN38/QU-PPM) were prepared by nanoprecipitation and exhibited a uniform particle size distribution, excellent stability, and pH-responsive drug release under acidic conditions. In vitro studies demonstrated that quercetin co-loading enhanced cellular uptake of the nanomicelles and promoted intracellular accumulation of SN38, resulting in significantly greater cytotoxicity against LLC-Luc lung cancer cells compared with SN38-loaded nanomicelles alone. In an orthotopic lung cancer model, nebulized inhalation of SN38/QU-PPM achieved a 3.33-fold higher pulmonary SN38 concentration than intravenous administration at 24 h. Nebulized SN38/QU-PPM also exhibited superior antitumor efficacy, achieving a tumor inhibition rate of 80.7%, accompanied by increased apoptosis, reduced tumor cell proliferation. Histopathological examination and serum biochemical analyses indicated no apparent treatment-related abnormalities following inhalation administration. Collectively, SN38/QU-PPM delivered via nebulized inhalation represents an effective lung-targeted drug delivery strategy that enhances local drug exposure and potentiates the antitumor efficacy of SN38. This dual-drug nanomicelle platform holds considerable promise for the treatment of lung cancer through nebulized inhalation therapy.
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Journal of Neuroinflammation
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2026
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IF 11.5
Hanqi Wang,Yijun Chen,Junna Chang,Zhen Liu,Yang Yu
Depression is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders worldwide, yet its pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the effects of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), a key regulator of innate immunity and inflammation, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression-related behaviors in mice after intraperitoneal administration, and to elucidate its regulatory mechanisms in microglia. FPR2 knockout (Fpr2 -/- ) significantly attenuated LPS-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. LPS markedly increased FPR2 expression in microglia of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, while only a minimal increase was observed in neurons. FPR2 deficiency alleviated LPS-induced microglial activation and reduced neuronal synaptic alterations. RNA sequencing and validation experiments confirmed that FPR2 deletion substantially decreased LPS-induced microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β levels in the brain. Mechanistically, FPR2 regulated downstream NLRP3 activation by modulating CSF1, and FPR2/CSF1 activation was governed by its upstream ligand, serum amyloid A (SAA). Analysis of public clinical datasets revealed that SAA1 levels were significantly upregulated in the orbital ventral PFC of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and in the plasma of patients with late-life depression. These findings demonstrate that the SAA/FPR2/CSF1/NLRP3 pathway mediates LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors by regulating microglial activation and neuroinflammation.
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Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials
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2026
·Vol. 9
·期 4
·340
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IF 15.5
Wang Yanrong,Chen Qiuling
The strategic integration of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with MXenes presents a promising avenue to overcome charge separation bottlenecks in photocatalysis. This study constructs a hierarchical S-scheme heterojunction by in-situ growing ultrafine Zinc–Tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (Cobalt-incorporated) Zn-TCPP(Co) MOF nanoparticles (15 nm) on two-dimensional functionalized MXene nanosheets. This unique “particle-on-lamella” architecture is engineered with molecular bridges, establishing a chemically bonded interface via C–Ti–O and N–Ti bonds that facilitate rapid charge transfer. The optimized heterostructure exhibits a narrow bandgap of 1.95 eV, a significantly prolonged charge carrier lifetime of 35.5 ns, and a high photocurrent density of 1.7 µA cm − 2 . By leveraging synergistic S-scheme charge separation, MXene’s metallic conductivity, and molecular single-atom Co sites, the composite achieves an exceptional hydrogen evolution rate of 24.3 mmol g − 1 h − 1 with an apparent quantum efficiency of 10.2% at 420 nm—representing a sixfold enhancement over pristine Zn-TCPP(Co). This performance surpasses many recently reported MOF- and MXene-based photocatalysts. Combined density functional theory calculations and experimental analyses confirm the critical role of the internal electric field in driving the S-scheme mechanism, which effectively preserves strong redox potentials. This work provides a definitive blueprint for high-performance photocatalytic systems through molecular-level interfacial engineering.
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JOURNAL OF FLUORESCENCE
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2026
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IF 3.4
Wen Lei,Li Yuan,Wu Ting,Yu Yue,Wu Yong,Wang Yue,Wang Deguo
Macrophage polarization into M 1 and M 2 phenotypes plays critical roles in homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. M 2 macrophages are characterized by high expression of the mannose receptor (CD206), which specifically binds and internalizes mannosylated ligands. In this study, we developed a novel fluorescent probe by conjugating Rhodamine B (RhB) to mannan isolated from Tremella fuciformis (RhB-mannan). The probe was thoroughly characterized by FTIR, NMR, and fluorescence spectroscopy. Using Raw 264.7 macrophages polarized to M 1 (LPS) or M 2 (IL-4) phenotypes, we demonstrated that the RhB-mannan probe selectively labels M 2 cells, correlating with CD206 expression confirmed by immunofluorescence. The specificity of the probe was further validated by competitive inhibition with free mannose, which abolished the fluorescent labeling. This probe provides a valuable tool for live-cell imaging of M 2 macrophages and studying their role in disease progression.
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METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
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2026
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IF 3.3
Yuan Jiasheng,Yang Xiao
Electrodeposition of boron and borides in molten CaCl 2 −CaO−B 2 O 3 offers a versatile route to boron-based materials, yet the dissolution chemistry of B 2 O 3 in molten CaCl 2 −CaO and the associated phase relationships remain insufficiently understood. Here, we investigate B 2 O 3 dissolution in molten CaCl 2 −CaO between 1073 K and 1223 K. The solubility of B 2 O 3 increases with temperature and demonstrates a linear dependence on CaO concentration. Dissolution proceeds via the formation of the solid intermediates Ca 2 BO 3 Cl and Ca 2 B 5 O 9 Cl, followed by dissociation of Ca 2 B 5 O 9 Cl into soluble ions. Raman-based speciation indicates that dissolved boron occurs predominantly as metaborate species ( \({\text{BO}}_{2}^{ - }\) ) present as short-chain units and six-membered rings. Additionally, phase relationships in the CaCl 2 -rich region of the CaCl 2 −CaO−B 2 O 3 ternary system are established across the studied temperature range. These findings provide a thermochemical foundation for designing and optimizing fluoride-free CaCl 2 −based molten salt systems for boron electrodeposition.
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MICROCHIMICA ACTA
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2026
·Vol. 193
·期 8
·542
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IF 5.4
Chen Chong,Liu Yufei,Zhang Kai,Fan Qiao,Luo Tingting,Peng Shigui,Wei Lanlan,Yin Yucheng,He Min,Yu Jie
Wearable sweat sensors offer a promising technical approach for real-time personal health management due to their non-invasive, in situ, and continuous monitoring capabilities. This study presents a novel wearable non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor based on a PEDTM/rGO/AuNPs composite for continuous and non-invasive monitoring of sweat glucose. Leveraging the synergistic effects of hydroxymethyl-functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDTM), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), the sensor significantly improves the electrocatalytic oxidation efficiency of glucose. At a low working potential of 0.2 V, the sensor demonstrates high sensitivity (362 µA·mM − 1 ·cm − 2 ) and a low detection limit (6.2 µM). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the synergistic catalytic mechanism of the composite at the oxidation pathway level. To achieve stable and efficient sweat collection and real‑time analysis, the sensor is integrated with a microfluidic chip based on SDS/NaOH/PI nanofibers and a portable point-of-care testing (POCT) system, enabling on‑site visual monitoring of sweat glucose. Real‑time monitoring results indicate a strong correlation between the sweat glucose levels measured by the sensor and blood glucose concentrations. This work provides an effective material and device design strategy for constructing high‑performance, integrated non‑invasive glucose monitoring systems, offering significant theoretical value and application potential in the field of wearable health monitoring. Graphical abstract
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