Science China-Technological Sciences
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2019
·Vol. 62
·期 7
·1217-1223
·
IF 2.18
Miao Xiao,Han Lu,Wang Lei,Wang Min,Sun XiaoHui,Zhu XiaoTao,Ge Bo
The traditional superhydrophobic materials are not ideal for treating residual pollutants after oil-water separation. In this paper, a simple and economical method was developed for the fabrication of multi-functional superhydrophobic materials PDVB x /TiO 2 composites, through in situ polymerization. The performance of the superhydrophobic composite was studied. The results showed that the low surface energy of PDVB 2.5 /TiO 2 composite with the micro-nano scale roughness would result in excellent superhydrophobicity. In addition, the PDVB 2.5 /TiO 2 composite exhibits optimum effect on the degradation of methyl orange (MO) with the degradation efficiency of 97.8%. What is more, the applications of the composite materials could be expanded to other fields, such as the degradation of drug ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP). Finally, we expanded the application of the PDVB x /TiO 2 composites to tribology, and found its excellent performance in reducing wear and antiwear.
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Frontiers of Materials Science
·
2019
·Vol. 13
·期 1
·43-53
·
IF 1.701
Wu Pengcheng,Liu Chang,Luo Yan,Wu Keliang,Wu Jianning,Guo Xuhong,Hou Juan,Liu Zhiyong
ZnO nanocone arrays (NCAs) decorated with black TiO 2 nanoparticles (B-TiO 2 NPs) were uniformly anchored on the surface of carbon cloth (CC) directly by a simply electrochemical deposition method. Thus a novel B-TiO 2 NPs/ZnO NCAs-CC hierarchical heterostructure was formed. It displayed superior performance and achieved a higher photocurrent over 0.4 mA$cm -2 before the onset of the dark current, attributed to the separation of the photogenerated electron-hole pair. Based on the B-TiO 2 NPs/ZnO NCAs-CC heterostructure, the catalyst was fabricated for promoting the separation of charge carriers. Moreover, the introduction of Ti 3+ and oxygen vacancies on the surface of TiO 2 NPs expanded the absorption band edge and enhanced the electrical conductivity as well as the charge transportation on the catalytic surface. It indicates that the B-TiO 2 NPs/ZnO NCAs-CC composite is beneficial to the improvement of the photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity.
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CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
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2019
·Vol. 25
·期 45
·10642-10649
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IF 5.16
Jiantao Huang,Jijian Xu,Xiangli Che,Chong Huang
Graphical Clash of titanium oxide : A novel composite structure of TiO 2− x with conductive TiO layer is synthesized in one step by an unforeseen dismutation reaction and performs full-spectrum absorption. Black TiO 2− x attracts enormous attention due to its large solar absorption and improved conductivity. In this work, a novel structure of TiO 2− x with conductive TiO layer, performing full-spectrum absorption, was synthesized in one step by the unforeseen dismutation reaction of titanium sub-oxides (Ti n O 2 n −1 ) in ammonium halide atmosphere. For this new reaction, a possible mechanism of decomposition-etching-disproportionation-rehydrolysis process was proposed. The vital intermediate reactant TiCl 4 , which verifies the assumption, has been captured in the form of (NH 4 ) 2 TiCl 6 , especially where Ti 2 O 3 is the reactant. Furthermore, this work not only can nominate TiO as an alternative for noble metals or carbon materials in the aim to improve the electron conductivity and solar absorption of black TiO 2− x , which are important in electrochemistry and optoelectronics fields, but also can be a new route to synthesize special structures for other multivalent transition metals.
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Asia-Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering
·
2019
·Vol. 14
·期 3
·e2309
·
IF 1.396
Zulfiqar Ali,Qiang Lu,Tahir Iqbal,Zulqarnain Arain,Jian Han,Yang-wen Wu,Ding-jia Liu,Yong-ping Yang
Heavy metal Pb is an inevitable ingredient of coal-fired flue gas and has been proven to be a source of inhibiting effect on the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst. In this paper, two types of Pb-poisoned catalyst, prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation and solid diffusion methods, are studied to unveil the poisoning effects of lead species on the V 2 O 5 -WO 3 /TiO 2 catalyst. The activity test results showed that lead species loaded by the incipient wetness impregnation method exhibited a significant inhibiting effect on the denitrification efficiency of the catalyst although a negligible activity loss was observed on the samples from the solid diffusion method. Characterizations of fresh and Pb-poisoned catalysts from incipient wetness impregnation method were applied using comprehensive techniques such as X-Ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), NH 3 -temperature programmed desorption (NH 3 -TPD), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and so forth. The analytical results indicated that a phase transformation occurred in tungsten species and the amorphous WO 3 converted into PbWO 4 , causing the accumulation and valence imbalance of active vanadium phase, which further decreased the surface acidity and activity of the V 2 O 5 -WO 3 /TiO 2 catalyst.
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RSC Advances
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2019
·Vol. 9
·期 21
·11676-11682
·
IF 3.049
Yong Wei,Jijiang Fu,Hao Song,Ben Zhang,Chaoran Pi,Lu Xia,Xuming Zhang,Biao Gao,Yang Zheng,Paul K. Chu
Efficient and stable non-precious metal based electrocatalysts are crucial to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in renewable energy conversion. Herein, CoxP nanoparticles (NPs) are uniformly embedded in N-doped TiO2 nanotube arrays (CoxP/N-TiO2 NTAs) by low-temperature phosphorization of the precursor of metallic cobalt NPs embedded in N-doped TiO2 NTAs (Co/N-TiO2 NTAs) which were fabricated by phase separation of CoTiO3 NTAs in ammonia. Owing to the abundant exposed surface active sites of CoxP NPs, tight contact between the CoxP NPs and TiO2 NTAs, fast electron transfer in N-doped TiO2, and channels for effective diffusion of ions and H2 bubbles in the tubular structure, the CoxP/N-TiO2 NTAs have excellent electrocatalytic activity in HER exemplified by a low overpotential of 180 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and small Tafel slope of 51 mV dec−1 in 0.5 M H2SO4. The catalyst also shows long-term cycling stability and is a promising non-precious metal catalyst for HER.
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Chemistry-An Asian Journal
·
2019
·Vol. 14
·期 9
·1557-1569
·
IF 3.698
Xiaoyan Wang,Dong Zhao,Chao Wang,Yonggao Xia,Wenshuai Jiang,Senlin Xia,Shanshan Yin,Xiuxia Zuo,Ezzeldin Metwalli,Ying Xiao,Zaicheng Sun,Jin Zhu,Peter Müller-Buschbaum,Ya-Jun Cheng
Graphical The Matrix Reloaded 2 : In situ synthesized super-small TiO 2 and nickel nanoparticles uniformly embedded in the carbon matrix effectively improve the electrochemical performance as both lithium-ion and sodium-ion battery anodes due to a significantly enhanced charge-carrier mobility by the nickel nanoparticles. Super-small sized TiO 2 nanoparticles are in situ co-composited with carbon and nickel nanoparticles in a facile scalable way, using difunctional methacrylate monomers as solvent and carbon source. Good control over crystallinity, morphology, and dispersion of the nanohybrid is achieved because of the thermosetting nature of the resin polymer. The effects of the nickel nanoparticle on the composition, crystallographic phase, structure, morphology, tap density, specific surface area, and electrochemical performance as both lithium-ion and sodium-ion battery anodes are systematically investigated. It is found that the incorporation of the in situ formed nickel nanoparticles with certain content effectively enhances the electrochemical performance including reversible capacities, cyclic stability and rate performance as both lithium-ion and sodium-ion battery anodes. The experimental I-V profiles at different temperatures and theoretical calculations reveal that the charge carriers are accumulated in the amorphous carbon regions, which act as scattering centers to the carriers and lower the carrier mobility for the composite. With increasing nickel content, the mobility of the charge carriers is significantly increased, while the number of the charge carriers maintains almost constant. The nickel nanoparticles provide extra pathways for the accumulated charge, leading to reduced scatterings among the charge carriers and enhanced charge-carrier transportation.
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Frontiers in Chemistry
·
2019
·
IF 3.782
Li Yuangang,Yang Mengru,Tian Zimin,Luo Ningdan,Li Yan,Zhang Haohao,Zhou Anning,Xiong Shanxin
A photoelectrochemical device was achieved by interfacial self-assembly of macrocyclic π-conjugated copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) on surface of TiO2 nanorod arrays (NRs). The photocurrent density of the elegant TiO2@CuPc NRs photoanode reaches 2.40 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE under the illumination of 100 mW/cm2 from AM 1.5G sun simulator, which is 2.4 times higher than that of the pure TiO2. At the same time, the photoelectrochemical device constructed through this strategy has good stability and the photocurrent density remain almost no decline after 8 h of continuous operation. The Mott-Schottky and LSV curves demonstrate that CuPc act as a co-catalyst for water oxidation and a possible mechanism is proposed for water oxidation based on careful analysis of the detailed results. The holes from VB of TiO2 photogenerated by electrons exciting are consumed by a process in which Cu2+ is oxidized to Cu3+ and Cu4+, and then oxidize water to produce oxygen. CuPc species is considered to be a fast redox mediator to reduce the activation energy of water oxidation in and effectively promote charge separation.
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LANGMUIR
·
2019
·
IF 3.683
Shan Peng,Weihua Meng,JunXiang Guo,Bo Wang,Zhenguang Wang,Na Xu,Xiaolin Li,Jian Wang,Jianzhong Xu
In this paper, we present a highly efficient, cost-effective, and widely applicable functionalized SiO2/TiO2-polymer based coating to fabricate a translucent, fluorine-free, chemically stable, photocatalytic active, self-healable superhydrophobic coating, which consisted of two mixed functionalized particles (MFP) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in a proper ratio. Both SiO2 and TiO2 powders were functionalized with PDMS brushes to achieve superhydrophobicity. To maximally optimize its properties, including superhydrophobicity, transparency, and photocatalytic activity, the ratios between MFP with PDMS were carefully studied and optimized. Glass slides coated with this mixed coating (MC) showed translucence with a transparency of 75%. It also presented superior photocatalytic activity and strong UV resistance that could repeatedly degrade organic oil pollutants as many as 50 times, while still maintaining superhydrophobicity even upon exposure to UV light with a high intensity of 80 mW/cm2 for as long as 36 h. When low-surface-tension oils such as dodecane wetted the MC surface, it showed excellent slippery performance and could quickly repel strong acid/alkali/hot water and even very corrosive liquids such as aqua regia. MC achieved extremely stable underoil superhydrophobicity (toward liquids including water, strong acid and base, hot water, etc.) and self-cleaning properties, not only in oils at room temperature but also in a scalded oil environment. Moreover, MC showed self-healable performance after recycled plasma treatment. The stainless steel mesh coated with MC was also used to highly efficiently separate oil–water mixtures. Moreover, harsher liquids including strong acid/alkali solutions/hot water/ice water–oil mixtures could also be successfully separated by the coated mesh. This coating was believed to largely broaden both indoor and outdoor applications for superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology
·
2018
·Vol. 14
·期 11
·1965-1978
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IF 5.068
Liu Jinsong,Pathak Janak L.,Hu Xiaohui,Jin Yifan,Wu Zuosu,Al-Baadani Mohammed A.,Wu Shuyi,Zhang Hualin,Farkasdi Sandor,Liu Yi,Ma Jianfeng,Wu Gang
Implant surface modification that provides local sustained release of osteoinductive therapeutic agents enhances implant stability. We designed a mesoporous TiO2-layered titanium implant (MLT) by modified anodization technique that allowed local sustained release of zoledronic
acid up to 21 days. Mesoporous layer has pore size 15 nm, depth ∼30 μm, volume 0.32 cm3/g, surface area 112.3 m2/g, surface roughness 20 nm and water contact angle 18.3°. Zoledronic acid-loaded MLT (MLT-Z) was biocompatible, showed anabolic effect on
bone forming osteoblasts and catabolic effect on bone resorbing osteoclasts. MLT or MLT-Z implants were implanted in osteoporotic rat-tail vertebrae. Smooth implant in healthy rats were used as a positive control. Histomorphometric analysis showed that bone implant contact of smooth implant
in osteoporotic rats was reduced by 4.1-fold compared to healthy rats and MLT-Z rescued the effect by 53%. Similar effect was observed in implant fixation, mechanical stability, BV/TV ratio, Tb.N, Tb.Th and OI% among the groups. Histological and μ-CT images strongly supported the
above-mentioned findings. In conclusion, a novel surface-fabricated MLT-Z gives local sustained drug release, robustly enhances implant osseointegration and stability in osteoporotic condition, suggesting it as a promising implant model for patients with compromised bone quality.
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Polymers
·
2019
·Vol. 11
·期 5
·775
·
IF 3.164
Fei Sun,Ting-Ting Li,Haitao Ren,Qian Jiang,Hao-Kai Peng,Qi Lin,Ching-Wen Lou,Jia-Horng Lin
This study aims to produce polypropylene (PP)/titanium dioxide (TiO2) melt-blown membranes for oil/water separation and photocatalysis. PP and different contents of TiO2are melt-blended to prepare master batches using a single screw extruder. The master batches are then fabricated into PP/TiO2melt-blown membranes. The thermal properties of the master batches are analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, and their particle dispersion and melt-blown membrane morphology are evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. TiO2loaded on melt-blown membranes is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The oil/water separation ability of the melt-blown membranes is evaluated to examine the influence of TiO2content. Results show that the thermal stability and photocatalytic effect of the membranes increase with TiO2content. TiO2shows a good dispersion in the PP membranes. After 3 wt.% TiO2addition, crystallinity increases by 6.4%, thermal decomposition temperature increases by 25 °C compared with pure PP membranes. The resultant PP/TiO2melt-blown membrane has a good morphology, and better hydrophobicity even in acetone solution or 6 h ultraviolet irradiation, and a high oil flux of about 15,000 L·m−2·h−1. Moreover, the membranes have stabilized oil/water separation efficiency after being repeatedly used. The proposed melt-blown membranes are suitable for mass production for separating oil from water in massively industrial dyeing wastewater.Keywords:polypropylene;membranes;melt-blowing process;oil/water separation;photocatalysis
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JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2019
·Vol. 30
·期 12
·11043-11053
·
IF 2.195
Zheng Jianfeng,Deng Xueshuang,Zhou Xin,Yu Meidong,Xia Zhetao,Chen Xiaohong,Huang Sumei
We report a strategy to fabricate high quality TiO 2 nanrod array ETLs for efficient PSC devices with Cs 0.05 (MA 0.17 FA 0.83 ) 0.95 Pb(I 0.83 Br 0.17 ) 3 triple cation composition perovskite as light absorption material. Mg doped compact TiO 2 (c-TiO 2 ) was employed as seeds for hydrothermal growth of one-dimensional (1D) TiO 2 nanorod (NR) arrays. Assisted with these seed layers, Mg and Er doped TiO 2 rutile NR arrays were synthesized using tetrabutyltitanate (TBT) and Er(NO 3 ) 3 as Ti and Er precursors, respectively. It was found that uniform, straight and vertical TiO 2 NRs with a high area density were formed using Mg and Er co-modification, improving the pore-filling and crystallization of the triple cation perovskites, facilitating charge separation and suppressing recombination at the perovskite/titania NR interface of the PSC device. The shorter PL decay time with Mg/Er doping compared to the cases without Mg or Er doping is assigned to the more excellent electron extraction from the mixed cation perovskite film. The control device without modification shows an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.10%. Under the same fabrication conditions, doping of the single element Er or Mg or both Mg and Er enhances the average PCE to 17.54, 18.41 and 18.99% respectively. Our champion cell based on Mg/Er modified TiO 2 NR arrays demonstrates a PCE of 19.11%, exhibiting an enhancement of 10.33% compared with that of the PSCs based on unmodified TiO 2 NR arrays (17.32%). This work provides a simple and efficient interface engineering method to improve the efficiency of the mixed cation PSCs.
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Materials
·
2019
·Vol. 12
·期 16
·2630
·
IF 2.972
Yuyao Zhang,Jun Li,Wenyao Li,Danning Kang
TiO2is regarded as a prospective electrode material owing to its excellent electrochemical properties such as the excellent cycling stability and the high safety. However, its low capacity and low electronic conductivity greatly restrict the further improvement in electrochemical performance. A new strategy was put forward to solve the above defects involved in TiO2in which the low capacity was enhanced by nanomerization and porosity of TiO2, and the low electronic conductivity was improved by introducing Ag with a high conductivity. One-dimensional mesoporous Ag nanoparticles-embedded TiO2nanofibers (Ag@TiO2nanofibers) were successfully synthesized via a one-step electrospinning process combined with subsequent annealing treatment in this study. The microstructure and morphology of mesoporous TiO2@Ag nanofibers were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption. TiO2nanofibers mainly consisted of a large amount of anatase TiO2, accompanied with traces of rutile TiO2. Ag nanoparticles were uniformly distributed throughout TiO2nanofibers and promoted the transformation of TiO2from the anatase to the rutile. The corresponding electrochemical performances are measured by galvanostatic charge-discharge, cycle stability, rate performance, cycle voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements in this research, with pristine TiO2nanofibers as the reference. The results indicated that the introduction of Ag nanoparticles into TiO2nanofibers significantly improved the diffusion coefficient of Li ions (5.42 × 10−9cm2⋅s−1for pristine TiO2, 1.96 × 10−8cm2⋅s−1for Ag@TiO2), and the electronic conductivity of TiO2(1.69 × 10−5S⋅cm−1for pristine TiO2, and 1.99 × 10−5S⋅cm−1for Ag@TiO2), based on which the comprehensive electrochemical performance were greatly enhanced. The coulombic efficiency of the Ag@TiO2nanofibers electrode at the first three cycles was about 56%, 93%, and 96%, which was higher than that without Ag (48%, 66%, and 79%). The Ag@TiO2nanofibers electrode exhibited a higher specific discharge capacity of about 128.23 mAh⋅g−1when compared with that without Ag (72.76 mAh·g−1) after 100 cycles at 100 mA·g−1. With the current density sharply increased from 40 mA·g−1to 1000 mA·g−1, the higher average discharge capacity of 56.35 mAh·g−1was remained in the electrode with Ag, when compared with the electrode without Ag (average discharge capacity of about 12.14 mAh·g−1). When the current density was returned to 40 mA·g−1, 80.36% of the initial value was returned (about 162.25 mAh·g−1) in the electrode with Ag, which was evidently superior to that without Ag (about 86.50 mAh·g−1, only 55.42% of the initial value). One-dimensional mesoporous Ag@TiO2nanofibers can be regarded as a potential and promising candidate as anode materials for lithium ion batteries.Keywords:electrospinning;titanium oxide;sliver;mesoporous nanofibers;lithium ion battery
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