Engineering
·
2024
·
IF 10.1
Jialiang Zhang,Qing Yang,Qingyun Ma,Fangzheng Ren,Yang Cheng,Xiaodan Gou,Jie Liang,Feng Chen
Hard scales in scaly fish species ensure the structural and functional integrity of the inner skin and body, even when subjected to various types of external forces. Mucus and oil secreted from the inner layer of the fish skin to the surface exhibit resistance to a wide range of liquids, maintaining the antifouling properties of the fish skin surface. Inspired by these biological structures, ultra-sturdy and durable scale-armored-sliding surfaces (SASS) were fabricated in this study using femtosecond laser electrodeposition (FED). In the FED method, a scaly structure is grown from the substrate across a sliding layer to form an SASS. The unique scale-armored structure offers protection against impact and abrasion while maintaining the performance and integrity of the structure. The mechanical sturdiness of the SASS improved by four orders of magnitude compared to that of the conventional antifouling surface. In addition, the SASS exhibited remarkable chemical durability, excellent hydraulic pressure resistance, liquid repellency, and good corrosion resistance based on characterization using various methods. FED enables the preparation of SASS on several materials, including Cu and Al and more. SASS fabricated using FED has great potential for the application of antifouling surfaces in extremely harsh environments.
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ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 18.5
Zihao Zhao,Shiping He,Anhui Yu,Shaochen Wang,Huayang Zhang,Zhiguang Guo
The flexible manipulation and directional transport of fluids, including droplets and bubbles, are foundational to numerous applications. Fluid manipulation based on external field stimulation and fixed structures has a wide range of applications in both natural and artificial materials, such as water collection, water electrolysis, droplet energy collection, medical diagnosis, etc. However, droplets and bubbles exhibit opposite wettability, and the inherent opposition between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity presents a significant challenge in developing a manipulation system capable of manipulating both droplets and bubbles. Here, inspired by multiple natural organisms, a magnetic-actuated Janus spherical robot with switchable wettability as the driving core of droplets or bubbles, and a solid-like slippery surface as the manipulation platform is proposed, which achieves the dual programmable manipulation of droplets and bubbles. Furthermore, the Janus robot can achieve the transition from superhydrophobic to superhydrophilic within 8 min under UV light. It is noteworthy that the Janus robot demonstrates superior capabilities in the transport speed and carrier volume of liquid droplets (bubbles), which can reach 18 (13) cm s −1 and 800 (500) µL, respectively. This strategy provides a novel and reliable method for the automated manipulation of droplets and bubbles and broadens their applications.
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LIQUID CRYSTALS
·
2024
·
IF 2.4
Luan Cui,Jiwei Wang,Guiyang Yan,Fan Liu,Keyi Wang,Yi Diao,Mingda Li,Fanbao Meng
Novel magnetic ionic polymers based on polyvinyl chloride ([PVCs][FeCl4]) with liquid-crystalline (LC) ordering were synthetised and characterised. The [PVCs][FeCl4] containing magnetic tetrachloroferrate ions were prepared with PVC, pyridyl LC monomers and FeCl3. Various devices and instruments were used to characterise the chemical structure, thermal behaviour, magnetic properties, and LC properties. The synthetised [PVCs][FeCl4] showed smectic LC phase and presented excellent thermal stability. Several magnetorheological (MR) fluids were prepared using [PVCs][FeCl4] as particles and silicone oil as carrier fluid. MR Effects and settlement stability were investigated. Under the condition of external magnetic field, the MR fluids showed Bingham flow characteristics, and the MR effect was enhanced with increasing FeCl4− content in the systems. Under the condition of magnetic field intensity of 80 kA/m and shear rate of 2.5 s−1, the magnetorheological efficiency of [PVCs][FeCl4] based MR fluids with particle concentration of 20% can reach up to 14.7. The excellent MR effect of [PVCs][FeCl4] was due to the strong coupling between the magnetic moment of the FeCl4− anion and the orientation of cationic LC primitive under the action of an applied magnetic field. Furthermore, the good settling stability of the MR fluids was due to the introduction of organic mesogens, PVC main-chains and the ionic components for the [PVCs][FeCl4] particles.
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Small
·
2025
·Vol. 21
·期 8
·2407957
·
IF 12.1
Wei Sheng,Jianxin Zhou,Yuxi Jia,Wentao Li,Ruixi Qiao,Zixi Liu,Wenjie Xu,Tao Zhang
Stretchable hydrogel devices are highly desirable for their capacity to seamlessly integrate significant stretchability, high conductivity, and exceptional biocompatibility. Nonetheless, the substantial disparity in stiffness between soft hydrogels and commonly rigid electrode materials often leads to pronounced performance fluctuations or even complete failure of sensor circuits in practical applications. Here, the study introduces an intrinsically stretchable graphene-hydrogel strain sensor (GHSS) fabricated by integrating a hydrogel and a 3D graphene foam with very closely matched elastic moduli. The GHSS demonstrates a strain detection limit of 0.02%, a rapid response time of 64 ms, and long-term stability, enabling the detection of human joint movements, physiological signals, touch pad input, and exercise monitoring.
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JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
·
2025
·
IF 3.2
Yunqi Xing,Xu Guo,Fanrong Kong,Kaulya Pathiraja,Yuhuai Wang,Jin Li
To investigate how the presence of interface state impacts the DC breakdown at the interface at the terminations of a submarine DC cable, the cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) and ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) double-layer samples with two different interface states of direct contact and coating normal silicone oil were prepared. Various temperatures and pressures were controlled to simulate the actual operating environment. The effects of pressure and temperature on the DC Interfacial breakdown characteristics were analysed. The characteristics of interface charge accumulation and dissipation were studied with different polar voltages stressing. The effects of silicone oil on the interface charge characteristics were discussed by vertical preloading and interface breakdown tests. Results show that the breakdown voltage of the interface coated with silicone oil is much higher than that of the interface without silicone oil. After coating silicone oil, the trap energy level and trap density of the interface decrease, the interface accumulated charge density decreases, and the interface residual charge decays faster. In addition, when the polarity of the residual charge at the interface aligns with that of the needle electrode in terms of consistency, the interface breakdown voltage increases, and vice versa. This paper provides a theoretical basis and innovative insights for the subsequent selection and improvement of silicone fluids to enhance interfacial breakdown performance.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 9.4
Shouzheng Jiao,Peng Cheng,Qian Li,Xiaonan Wang,Yufen Li,Zhongjun Cheng,Hua Lai,Yuyan Liu
Hypothesis Perfluorocarbon is commonly used as a coolant, chemical reaction carrier solvent, medical anti-hypoxic agents and blood substitutes. The realization of non-contact complex manipulation of perfluorocarbon liquids is urgently needed in human life and industrial production. However, most liquid-repellent interfaces are ineffective for the transport of ultra-low surface tension perfluorocarbon liquids, and struggle to maintain good durability due to unstable air or oil cushions in the surface. Therefore, preparing surfaces for stable non-contact complex manipulation of ultra-low surface tension droplets remains a challenge. Experiments In this paper, a novel solution, a photothermal responsive droplet manipulation surface based on polydimethylsiloxane brushes, has been reported. On this surface, droplets with different surface tensions (as low as 10 mN/m) can be efficiently manipulated through induced near-infrared light. Notably, this surface maintains its effectiveness after exposure to extreme anthropogenic conditions. Findings The interface effect between perfluorocarbon droplets and polydimethylsiloxane brushes by near-infrared light-induced was investigated in detail. In addition, ultra-low surface tension droplets demonstrate the ability to transport solid particles. The conductive droplets exhibit sophisticated manipulation realizing the controlled switching of smart circuits. This research opens up new possibilities for advancing the capabilities and adaptability of ultralow surface tension droplets in a range of applications.
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Nano Today
·
2024
·
IF 13.2
Huayang Zhang,Shangzhen Xie,Guangyi Tian,Yihang Zhang,Zhiguang Guo
With global water scarcity a growing problem, fog harvesting technology has emerged as an effective solution. Industrial development and population growth have exacerbated the need for efficient, dismantlable, and assembled fog harvesting devices, as well as the requirement to optimize the droplet capture-transport relationship. In this study, a novel modular bionic 3D tree-like structure for fog harvesting system (3D-TSFHS) was developed to achieve rapid droplet transport by means of Nepenthes-inspired superslip leaves (SSLs). In addition, aluminum (Al) cones with superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic (SHL-SHB) patterns were prepared to enhance the droplet capture efficiency by drawing on the special wettability and structural features of various plants and animals such as cactus, spider silk, desert beetles, lizards and camphor leaves. This artificial design significantly enhances the overall capture and transport relationship. The resulting embedded superslip leaves Al cone fog harvesting (E-SLAC-FH) dramatically improves the fog harvesting efficiency and exhibits excellent durability. Assembling this fog harvesting into a 3D-TSFHS achieves a high fog harvesting efficiency of 0.462 g∙cm −2 ∙min −1 . The system's modular design and its exceptional durability ensure its potential for a wide range of applications in a variety of real-world scenarios.
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AICHE JOURNAL
·
2024
·Vol. 70
·期 8
·e18462
·
IF 3.5
Xin Huang,Mindan Chen,Yunyun Huang,Xiaoming Luo,Lin Teng,Longqiang Xiao,Jiaqing Li
Excessive electric field strength causes the droplets to contact but not coalesce, severely deteriorating the oil–water separation efficiency. The investigation of the non-coalescence of nonidentical droplets in oil under a DC electric field is conducted using high-speed photography. The effects of droplet volume ratio and interfacial tension ratio on the characteristics and critical parameters for droplet non-coalescence are systematically explored. The results show the critical electrocapillary number for the non-coalescence of nonidentical droplets and critical contact cone angle decreases as the volume sum increases or the interfacial tension ratio decreases, which is related to the competition between the resultant electric field force and the interfacial tension force. These results contribute to optimizing the operating parameters of the electric coalescer and improving the oil–water separation efficiency.
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Small
·
2025
·
IF 12.1
Yangzi Shangguan,Ranhao Wang,Huan Tang,Shimao Deng,Qiushi Hu,Jiaxin Liang,Huiling Zhou,Xihan Chen,Hong Chen
Photocatalytic antibiotic degradation is an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly approach with the potential for large-scale application but is severely constrained by the lack of efficient and stable catalysts to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). This research introduces a charge-ordered 3D Fe 3 S 4 -PUF composite integrated into a custom-built photocatalytic tandem continuous-flow cylinder reactor (TCCR) for antibiotic degradation. The system consistently achieves 100% tetracycline (TC) degradation efficiency with Fe 3 S 4 -PUF during 130 h of continuous operation, benefiting from the charge-ordered 3D Fe 3 S 4 -PUF framework and the TCCR design. Mechanism investigations reveal that the abundant Lewis basic ≡SH site and light-induced sustainable Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ redox cycling within Fe 3 S 4 facilitates the production of H 2 O 2 and ROS. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that Fe 2+ acts as an active site for capturing and activating O 2 , leading to either one-electron (O 2 →O 2 •− →H 2 O 2 →•OH) or two-electron transfer (O 2 →H 2 O 2 ) pathways. Meanwhile, photogenerated electron and the oxygen atoms in H 2 O 2 provide electrons to Fe 3+ , facilitating the reduction of Fe 3+ to Fe 2+ , thus elucidating the Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ redox cycling mechanism. Moreover, the 3D PUF structure enhances the mass transfer and pollutant-ROS interactions. The continuous-flow photocatalytic reaction validate the efficient antibiotic degradation of Fe 3 S 4 -PUF composite, suggesting its potential for implementation in large-scale antibiotic wastewater treatment systems.
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Nature Communications
·
2024
·Vol. 15
·期 1
·1-9
·
IF 14.7
Qi Cheng,Ma Xudong,Zeng Qi,Huang Zhangwei,Zhang Shanshan,Deng Xiaokang,Kong Tiantian,Liu Zhou
Hierarchical compartmentalization, a hallmark of both primitive and modern cells, enables the concentration and isolation of biomolecules, and facilitates spatial organization of biochemical reactions. Coacervate-based compartments can sequester and recruit a large variety of molecules, making it an attractive protocell model. In this work, we report the spontaneous formation of core-shell cell-sized coacervate-based compartments driven by spontaneous evaporation of a sessile droplet on a thin-oil-coated substrate. Our analysis reveals that such far-from-equilibrium architectures arise from multiple, coupled segregative and associative liquid-liquid phase separation, and are stabilized by stagnation points within the evaporating droplet. The formation of stagnation points results from convective capillary flows induced by the maximum evaporation rate at the liquid-liquid-air contact line. This work provides valuable insights into the spontaneous formation and maintenance of hierarchical compartments under non-equilibrium conditions, offering a glimpse into the real-life scenario.
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JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 9.4
Chen Yang,Zhiguang Guo
The depletion of lubricants in (slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces) SLIPS poses a significant challenge to their long-term functionality. While line-shaped rough structures can mitigate lubricant loss to some extent, they often fail to provide the stability required for sustained performance. In this study, we present a novel porous nanoflower aluminum alloy slippery liquid-infused surface (P-NF-AA SLIPS), which integrates a porous framework with a rough nanoflower structure. This synergistic design offers dual benefits of enhanced oil storage and retention, leading to superior stability and durability. Remarkably, after centrifugation at 7000 rpm, the silicone oil retention of P-NF-AA SLIPS remains between 70–75 % of its pre-centrifugation mass. The surface demonstrates excellent adaptability to prolonged use under varying temperatures and pH levels. In fog collection, P-NF-AA SLIPS demonstrates rapid water droplet capture and detachment, achieving a fog collection efficiency of approximately 0.4 g·min −1 ·cm −2 within 10 min—an improvement of 185.7 % and 68.4 % over the original aluminum alloy (OAA) and superhydrophobic aluminum alloy (SHB-AA), respectively. Additionally, P-NF-AA SLIPS delays icing by 560 s at −15 °C and 231 s at −30 °C, offering remarkable anti-icing and de-icing performance. Furthermore, it demonstrates excellent self-cleaning properties against contaminants such as sand, coffee powder, and dye solutions. P-NF-AA SLIPS has advanced research on SLIPS and supports the application of biomimetic slippery surfaces in fields such as self-cleaning materials, anti-icing and anti-frost coatings, droplet control and transport, as well as biomedical applications.
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PHYSICS OF FLUIDS
·
2024
·Vol. 36
·期 5
·
IF 4.1
Qiao Du,Li Hongxia,Chen Xuhui,Li Jiahao,Wang Xiyang,Zhao Danyang,Li Honglin,Qian Xuhong
The dynamics of moving contact lines (MCLs) dominate the behavior of capillary-driven microfluidics, which underlie many applications including microfluidic chips. The capillary displacement dynamics in the quasi-static regime has been extensively studied. However, the behavior of MCLs in the dynamic wetting transition regime remains largely unexplored, and previously established MCL dynamic models may be inadequate. In this study, a novel capillary displacement experiment is introduced, which is achieved by reversely introducing microfluidics with surface tension differences, where the one with low surface tension undergoes the wetting transition. In addition, a generalized Navier boundary condition (GNBC)-based model of capillary displacement dynamics is developed within the framework of diffusive interface theory to investigate the MCL dynamics in the wetting transition regime. The oscillation-relaxation process is experienced for phase interface and microscopic dynamic contact angle θ d in the wetting transition regime. Spontaneous filling distance follows d fill * ∼ t 1 / 2 , and reaching quasi-static stage follows d fill * ∼ t 1 . The previously neglected mechanism of inertial-viscous competition dominates the early dynamics of such dynamic wetting transition processes. θ d ∝ u cl is observed to be valid solely under conditions where viscosity dominates, but it breaks down in the presence of dominant inertial effects. An escalation in slip substantially diminishes the influence of inertia, with frictional dissipation mediated by slip emerging as the predominant factor in the capillary-driven early dynamics. The origin of uncompensated Young's stress in the GNBC and its correlation with capillary forces is unified, unveiling the underlying physical mechanism governing the dynamics at the MCL. Finally, by decoupling the analysis of viscosity and slip, a new θ d -viscous-slip formulation is proposed, in agreement with the model predictions.
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